C＃實現Base64編碼與解碼
一、編碼規則
Base64編碼的思想是是採用64個基本的ASCII碼字元對資料進行重新編碼。它將需要編碼的資料拆分成位元組陣列。以3個位元組為一組。按順序排列24 位資料，再把這24位資料分成4組，即每組6位。再在每組的的最高位前補兩個0湊足一個位元組。這樣就把一個3位元組為一組的資料重新編碼成了4個位元組。當所要編碼的資料的位元組數不是3的整倍數，也就是說在分組時最後一組不夠3個位元組。這時在最後一組填充1到2個0位元組。並在最後編碼完成後在結尾新增1到2個 “=”。
例：將對ABC進行BASE64編碼：
1、首先取ABC對應的ASCII碼值。A（65）B（66）C（67）；
2、再取二進位制值A（01000001）B（01000010）C（01000011）；
3、然後把這三個位元組的二進位制碼接起來（010000010100001001000011）；
4、 再以6位為單位分成4個資料塊,並在最高位填充兩個0後形成4個位元組的編碼後的值，（00010000）（00010100）（00001001）（00000011），其中藍色部分為真實資料；
5、再把這四個位元組資料轉化成10進位制數得（16）（20）（9）（3）；
6、最後根據BASE64給出的64個基本字元表，查出對應的ASCII碼字元（Q）（U）（J）（D），這裡的值實際就是資料在字元表中的索引。
注：BASE64字元表：ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/
二、解碼規則
解碼過程就是把4個位元組再還原成3個位元組再根據不同的資料形式把位元組陣列重新整理成資料。
三、C#中的實現
編碼類：
/// <summary>
/// Base64編碼類。
/// 將byte[]型別轉換成Base64編碼的string型別。
/// </summary>
public class Base64Encoder
{
byte[] source;
int length, length2;
int blockCount;
int paddingCount;
public static Base64Encoder Encoder = new Base64Encoder();
public Base64Encoder()
{
}
private void init(byte[] input)
{
source = input;
length = input.Length;
if ((length % 3) == 0)
{
paddingCount = 0;
blockCount = length / 3;
}
else
{
paddingCount = 3 - (length % 3);
blockCount = (length + paddingCount) / 3;
}
length2 = length + paddingCount;
}
public string GetEncoded(byte[] input)
{
//初始化
init(input);
byte[] source2;
source2 = new byte[length2];
for (int x = 0; x < length2; x++)
{
if (x < length)
{
source2[x] = source[x];
}
else
{
source2[x] = 0;
}
}
byte b1, b2, b3;
byte temp, temp1, temp2, temp3, temp4;
byte[] buffer = new byte[blockCount * 4];
char[] result = new char[blockCount * 4];
for (int x = 0; x < blockCount; x++)
{
b1 = source2[x * 3];
b2 = source2[x * 3 + 1];
b3 = source2[x * 3 + 2];
temp1 = (byte)((b1 & 252) >> 2);
temp = (byte)((b1 & 3) << 4);
temp2 = (byte)((b2 & 240) >> 4);
temp2 += temp;
temp = (byte)((b2 & 15) << 2);
temp3 = (byte)((b3 & 192) >> 6);
temp3 += temp;
temp4 = (byte)(b3 & 63);
buffer[x * 4] = temp1;
buffer[x * 4 + 1] = temp2;
buffer[x * 4 + 2] = temp3;
buffer[x * 4 + 3] = temp4;
}
for (int x = 0; x < blockCount * 4; x++)
{
result[x] = sixbit2char(buffer[x]);
}
switch (paddingCount)
{
case 0: break;
case 1: result[blockCount * 4 - 1] = '='; break;
case 2: result[blockCount * 4 - 1] = '=';
result[blockCount * 4 - 2] = '=';
break;
default: break;
}
return new string(result);
}
private char sixbit2char(byte b)
{
char[] lookupTable = new char[64]{
'A','B','C','D','E','F','G','H','I','J','K','L','M',
'N','O','P','Q','R','S','T','U','V','W','X','Y','Z',
'a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','i','j','k','l','m',
'n','o','p','q','r','s','t','u','v','w','x','y','z',
'0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','+','/'};
if ((b >= 0) && (b <= 63))
{
return lookupTable[(int)b];
}
else
{
return ' ';
}
}
}
/// Base64編碼類。
/// 將byte[]型別轉換成Base64編碼的string型別。
/// </summary>
public class Base64Encoder
{
byte[] source;
int length, length2;
int blockCount;
int paddingCount;
public static Base64Encoder Encoder = new Base64Encoder();
public Base64Encoder()
{
}
private void init(byte[] input)
{
source = input;
length = input.Length;
if ((length % 3) == 0)
{
paddingCount = 0;
blockCount = length / 3;
}
else
{
paddingCount = 3 - (length % 3);
blockCount = (length + paddingCount) / 3;
}
length2 = length + paddingCount;
}
public string GetEncoded(byte[] input)
{
//初始化
init(input);
byte[] source2;
source2 = new byte[length2];
for (int x = 0; x < length2; x++)
{
if (x < length)
{
source2[x] = source[x];
}
else
{
source2[x] = 0;
}
}
byte b1, b2, b3;
byte temp, temp1, temp2, temp3, temp4;
byte[] buffer = new byte[blockCount * 4];
char[] result = new char[blockCount * 4];
for (int x = 0; x < blockCount; x++)
{
b1 = source2[x * 3];
b2 = source2[x * 3 + 1];
b3 = source2[x * 3 + 2];
temp1 = (byte)((b1 & 252) >> 2);
temp = (byte)((b1 & 3) << 4);
temp2 = (byte)((b2 & 240) >> 4);
temp2 += temp;
temp = (byte)((b2 & 15) << 2);
temp3 = (byte)((b3 & 192) >> 6);
temp3 += temp;
temp4 = (byte)(b3 & 63);
buffer[x * 4] = temp1;
buffer[x * 4 + 1] = temp2;
buffer[x * 4 + 2] = temp3;
buffer[x * 4 + 3] = temp4;
}
for (int x = 0; x < blockCount * 4; x++)
{
result[x] = sixbit2char(buffer[x]);
}
switch (paddingCount)
{
case 0: break;
case 1: result[blockCount * 4 - 1] = '='; break;
case 2: result[blockCount * 4 - 1] = '=';
result[blockCount * 4 - 2] = '=';
break;
default: break;
}
return new string(result);
}
private char sixbit2char(byte b)
{
char[] lookupTable = new char[64]{
'A','B','C','D','E','F','G','H','I','J','K','L','M',
'N','O','P','Q','R','S','T','U','V','W','X','Y','Z',
'a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','i','j','k','l','m',
'n','o','p','q','r','s','t','u','v','w','x','y','z',
'0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','+','/'};
if ((b >= 0) && (b <= 63))
{
return lookupTable[(int)b];
}
else
{
return ' ';
}
}
}
解碼類：
/// <summary>
/// Base64解碼類
/// 將Base64編碼的string型別轉換成byte[]型別
/// </summary>
public class Base64Decoder
{
char[] source;
int length, length2, length3;
int blockCount;
int paddingCount;
public static Base64Decoder Decoder = new Base64Decoder();
public Base64Decoder()
{
}
private void init(char[] input)
{
int temp = 0;
source = input;
length = input.Length;
for (int x = 0; x < 2; x++)
{
if (input[length - x - 1] == '=')
temp++;
}
paddingCount = temp;
blockCount = length / 4;
length2 = blockCount * 3;
}
public byte[] GetDecoded(string strInput)
{
//初始化
init(strInput.ToCharArray());
byte[] buffer = new byte[length];
byte[] buffer2 = new byte[length2];
for (int x = 0; x < length; x++)
{
buffer[x] = char2sixbit(source[x]);
}
byte b, b1, b2, b3;
byte temp1, temp2, temp3, temp4;
for (int x = 0; x < blockCount; x++)
{
temp1 = buffer[x * 4];
temp2 = buffer[x * 4 + 1];
temp3 = buffer[x * 4 + 2];
temp4 = buffer[x * 4 + 3];
b = (byte)(temp1 << 2);
b1 = (byte)((temp2 & 48) >> 4);
b1 += b;
b = (byte)((temp2 & 15) << 4);
b2 = (byte)((temp3 & 60) >> 2);
b2 += b;
b = (byte)((temp3 & 3) << 6);
b3 = temp4;
b3 += b;
buffer2[x * 3] = b1;
buffer2[x * 3 + 1] = b2;
buffer2[x * 3 + 2] = b3;
}
length3 = length2 - paddingCount;
byte[] result = new byte[length3];
for (int x = 0; x < length3; x++)
{
result[x] = buffer2[x];
}
return result;
}
private byte char2sixbit(char c)
{
char[] lookupTable = new char[64]{
'A','B','C','D','E','F','G','H','I','J','K','L','M','N',
'O','P','Q','R','S','T','U','V','W','X','Y', 'Z',
'a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','i','j','k','l','m','n',
'o','p','q','r','s','t','u','v','w','x','y','z',
'0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','+','/'};
if (c == '=')
return 0;
else
{
for (int x = 0; x < 64; x++)
{
if (lookupTable[x] == c)
return (byte)x;
}
return 0;
}
}
}
//解碼類結束
/// Base64解碼類
/// 將Base64編碼的string型別轉換成byte[]型別
/// </summary>
public class Base64Decoder
{
char[] source;
int length, length2, length3;
int blockCount;
int paddingCount;
public static Base64Decoder Decoder = new Base64Decoder();
public Base64Decoder()
{
}
private void init(char[] input)
{
int temp = 0;
source = input;
length = input.Length;
for (int x = 0; x < 2; x++)
{
if (input[length - x - 1] == '=')
temp++;
}
paddingCount = temp;
blockCount = length / 4;
length2 = blockCount * 3;
}
public byte[] GetDecoded(string strInput)
{
//初始化
init(strInput.ToCharArray());
byte[] buffer = new byte[length];
byte[] buffer2 = new byte[length2];
for (int x = 0; x < length; x++)
{
buffer[x] = char2sixbit(source[x]);
}
byte b, b1, b2, b3;
byte temp1, temp2, temp3, temp4;
for (int x = 0; x < blockCount; x++)
{
temp1 = buffer[x * 4];
temp2 = buffer[x * 4 + 1];
temp3 = buffer[x * 4 + 2];
temp4 = buffer[x * 4 + 3];
b = (byte)(temp1 << 2);
b1 = (byte)((temp2 & 48) >> 4);
b1 += b;
b = (byte)((temp2 & 15) << 4);
b2 = (byte)((temp3 & 60) >> 2);
b2 += b;
b = (byte)((temp3 & 3) << 6);
b3 = temp4;
b3 += b;
buffer2[x * 3] = b1;
buffer2[x * 3 + 1] = b2;
buffer2[x * 3 + 2] = b3;
}
length3 = length2 - paddingCount;
byte[] result = new byte[length3];
for (int x = 0; x < length3; x++)
{
result[x] = buffer2[x];
}
return result;
}
private byte char2sixbit(char c)
{
char[] lookupTable = new char[64]{
'A','B','C','D','E','F','G','H','I','J','K','L','M','N',
'O','P','Q','R','S','T','U','V','W','X','Y', 'Z',
'a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','i','j','k','l','m','n',
'o','p','q','r','s','t','u','v','w','x','y','z',
'0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','+','/'};
if (c == '=')
return 0;
else
{
for (int x = 0; x < 64; x++)
{
if (lookupTable[x] == c)
return (byte)x;
}
return 0;
}
}
}
//解碼類結束
提示：
上面的程式碼只是說明base64編碼的原理，以便用更多語言重寫。但.net裡面可以使用更簡單的方法：
編碼：
byte[] bytes=Encoding.Default.GetBytes("要轉換的字串");Convert.ToBase64String(bytes);//"ztKwrsTj"是“我愛你”的base64編碼byte[] outputb = Convert.FromBase64String("ztKwrsTj");string orgStr= Encoding.Default.GetString(outputb);完！
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