oracle 11g duplicate from active database 複製資料庫(一)

kingsql發表於2015-07-01
OracleDatabase資料庫

使用duplicate from active database複製資料庫
在oracle 11g中複製資料庫有了兩種方法，一是使用基於備份的複製，一種是active database方式來複制。執行active database複製，RMAN連線到原資料庫例項作為target，連線到輔助例項作為auxiliary。RMAN將透過網路將active database複製到輔助例項，從而建立副本資料庫並且不需要原資料庫的備份。在複製資料時可以將資料庫複製到與原資料庫相同的主機，也可以將資料庫複製到遠端主機。

下面介紹將資料庫複製到遠端主機不同目錄結構的操作步驟
1.建立輔助例項的密碼檔案(這裡輔助例項名為dup) ，在目的主機上為輔助例項建立密碼檔案可以有以下選項:
.手動建立密碼檔案，對於duplicate ... from active database有額外的要求。必須使用SYS使用者ID並且密碼必須與原資料庫的密碼相匹配。當想要使用單獨的密碼來建立密碼檔案時因此可以啟動輔助例項並使用它來連線原資料庫。

.在執行duplicate ... from active database命令時指定password file選項，在這種情況下，RMAN將原資料庫的密碼檔案複製到目的主機上並且覆蓋輔助例項已經存在的密碼檔案。如果原資料庫密碼檔案有多個密碼且你想讓它們在副本資料庫中使用時這種技術是非常有用的。 

[oracle11@jingyong1 dbs]$ orapwd file=/u03/app/oracle/11.2.0/db/dbs/orapwdup password=system entries=10;

[oracle11@jingyong1 dbs]$ ls -lrt orapwdup
-rw-r----- 1 oracle11 oinstall 2560 Jun  5 09:40 orapwdup

2.建立輔助例項網路連線,修改監聽檔案，使用靜態監聽來監聽輔助例項 

[oracle11@jingyong1 admin]$ vi listener.ora


# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u03/app/oracle/11.2.0/db/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = jingyong1)(PORT = 1521))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
    )
  )

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =

    (SID_DESC =
     (SID_NAME = dup)
      (ORACLE_HOME =/u03/app/oracle/11.2.0/db)
    )
  )

[oracle11@jingyong1 admin]$ lsnrctl start

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 05-JUN-2015 11:25:35

Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Starting /u03/app/oracle/11.2.0/db/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...

TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
System parameter file is /u03/app/oracle/11.2.0/db/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /u03/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/jingyong1/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=jingyong1)(PORT=1521)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=jingyong1)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date                05-JUN-2015 11:25:35
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /u03/app/oracle/11.2.0/db/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /u03/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/jingyong1/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=jingyong1)(PORT=1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "cs" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "cs", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "dup" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "dup", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

給輔助例項增加網路服務名 

[oracle11@jingyong1 admin]$ vi tnsnames.ora
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u03/app/oracle/11.2.0/db/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

dup =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.56.11)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVICE_NAME = dup)
      (UR = A)
    )
  )

3.建立輔助例項的引數檔案,初始化引數檔案的目錄和內容依賴於給複製檔案命名選擇的策略。可以選擇建議的技術來對原主機和目的主機使用相同的命名策略。因此對於Oracle RAC環境，對於原主機和目的主機可以使用相同的ORACLE_SID。在引數檔案中將db_name設定為任意值，db_name是唯一必須設定的引數。建立引數檔案有以下選項:
.為輔助例項來建立文字引數檔案,初始化引數檔案的儲存目錄是在主機上作業系統特定的預設目錄。例如，在Linux和UNIX中預設引數檔名是ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initORACLE_SID.ora，在Windows平臺上引數檔名是ORACLE_HOME\database\initORACLE_SID.ora

.在執行duplicate命令時指定spfile子句。duplicate ... spfile技術最簡單，因為在執行復制時RMAN自動將原資料庫的spfile檔案複製到輔助例項或從備份中還原spfile檔案。如果在輔助例項上存在spfile檔案，那麼RMAN就會覆蓋它。 

[oracle11@jingyong1 dbs]$ vi initdup.ora
db_name=dup
db_unique_name=dup
control_files= /u03/app/oracle/oradata/dup/control01.ctl
remote_login_passwordfile=exclusive
compatible = 11.2.0.4.0
db_block_size=8192
sga_target=300M
sga_max_size=300M
pga_aggregate_target=32M
db_file_name_convert=('/u03/app/oracle/oradata/db/','/u03/app/oracle/oradata/dup/')
log_file_name_convert=('/u03/app/oracle/oradata/db/','/u03/app/oracle/oradata/dup/')

4.啟動輔助例項,啟動SQL*Plus並使用sysdba許可權連線到輔助例項。將輔助例項啟動到nomount狀態（如果引數檔案在預設目錄中startup命令不需要pfile引數)。注意:確保輔助例項使用文字引數檔案來啟動而不是SPFILE引數檔案。不要建立控制檔案或試圖mount或open輔助例項。 

[oracle11@jingyong1 dbs]$ export ORACLE_SID=dup
[oracle11@jingyong1 dbs]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Fri Jun 5 09:58:16 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup nomount
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  313860096 bytes
Fixed Size                  1364340 bytes
Variable Size             104861324 bytes
Database Buffers          201326592 bytes
Redo Buffers                6307840 bytes

 

5.在目標主機(執行被複制資料庫的主機）配置輔助例項的網路服務名 

[oracle11@oracle11g admin]$ vi tnsnames.ora
dup =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST =192.168.56.11)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVICE_NAME =dup)
      (UR=A)
    )
  )

[oracle11@oracle11g admin]$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Fri Jun 5 10:05:14 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

SQL> conn sys/system@dup as sysdba
Connected.

6.載入或開啟目標資料庫,如果RMAN連線到原資料庫作為目標資料庫，那麼原資料庫為了執行復制必須設定為合適的狀態。如果原資料庫例項沒有mount或open，那麼將原資料庫mount或open。如果執行active database複製，那麼確保滿足下面額外的條件:
-如果原資料庫open,那麼必須啟用歸檔
-如果原資料庫沒有open,那麼資料庫不需要執行例項恢復
由於原資料庫啟用了歸檔所以可以將原資料庫啟動到open狀態 

[oracle11@oracle11g ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Fri Jun 5 08:35:45 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  422670336 bytes
Fixed Size                  1365068 bytes
Variable Size             310381492 bytes
Database Buffers          104857600 bytes
Redo Buffers                6066176 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.

7.使用duplicate命令來執行資料庫複製。因為我們這裡複製後資料庫名為dup與原資料庫名不相同，所以不用指定spfile子句從原資料庫複製SPFILE引數檔案。因為複製後的副本資料庫與原資料庫的檔案擁有相同檔名，所以在執行duplicate命令時要使用nofilenamecheck選項。如果目錄不同，在pfile里加這個2個引數進行轉換:db_file_name_convert,log_file_name_convert。如果指定password file選項那麼RMAN將會從原資料庫複製密碼檔案到目的主機上。RMAN會自動複製SPFILE引數檔案到目的主機，使用SPFILE檔案來啟動輔助例項，複製所有需要的資料庫檔案和歸檔重做日誌檔案到目的主機，並恢復資料庫。最終，RMAN將使用resetlogs選項來建立聯機重做日誌。 

[oracle11@oracle11g ~]$ rman target sys/system@db catalog rman/rman@cs auxiliary sys/system@dup

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Fri Jun 5 10:54:38 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database: DB (DBID=1644809111)
connected to recovery catalog database
connected to auxiliary database: DUP (not mounted)

RMAN> duplicate target database to dup from active database nofilenamecheck;

Starting Duplicate Db at 2015-06-05 10:54:43
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=20 device type=DISK

contents of Memory Script:
{
   sql clone "create spfile from memory";
}
executing Memory Script

sql statement: create spfile from memory

contents of Memory Script:
{
   shutdown clone immediate;
   startup clone nomount;
}
executing Memory Script

Oracle instance shut down

connected to auxiliary database (not started)
Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area     313860096 bytes

Fixed Size                     1364340 bytes
Variable Size                109055628 bytes
Database Buffers             197132288 bytes
Redo Buffers                   6307840 bytes

contents of Memory Script:
{
   sql clone "alter system set  db_name =
 ''DB'' comment=
 ''Modified by RMAN duplicate'' scope=spfile";
   sql clone "alter system set  db_unique_name =
 ''DUP'' comment=
 ''Modified by RMAN duplicate'' scope=spfile";
   shutdown clone immediate;
   startup clone force nomount
   backup as copy current controlfile auxiliary format  '/u03/app/oracle/oradata/dup/control01.ctl';
   alter clone database mount;
}
executing Memory Script

sql statement: alter system set  db_name =  ''DB'' comment= ''Modified by RMAN duplicate'' scope=spfile

sql statement: alter system set  db_unique_name =  ''DUP'' comment= ''Modified by RMAN duplicate'' scope=spfile

Oracle instance shut down

Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area     313860096 bytes

Fixed Size                     1364340 bytes
Variable Size                109055628 bytes
Database Buffers             197132288 bytes
Redo Buffers                   6307840 bytes

Starting backup at 2015-06-05 10:55:02
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=38 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
copying current control file
output file name=/u03/app/oracle/11.2.0/db/dbs/snapcf_db.f tag=TAG20150605T105502 RECID=3 STAMP=881578506
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
Finished backup at 2015-06-05 10:55:11

database mounted

contents of Memory Script:
{
   set newname for datafile  1 to
 "/u03/app/oracle/oradata/dup/system01.dbf";
   set newname for datafile  2 to
 "/u03/app/oracle/oradata/dup/sysaux01.dbf";
   set newname for datafile  3 to
 "/u03/app/oracle/oradata/dup/undotbs01.dbf";
   set newname for datafile  4 to
 "/u03/app/oracle/oradata/dup/users01.dbf";
   set newname for datafile  5 to
 "/u03/app/oracle/oradata/dup/test01.dbf";
   backup as copy reuse
   datafile  1 auxiliary format
 "/u03/app/oracle/oradata/dup/system01.dbf"   datafile
 2 auxiliary format
 "/u03/app/oracle/oradata/dup/sysaux01.dbf"   datafile
 3 auxiliary format
 "/u03/app/oracle/oradata/dup/undotbs01.dbf"   datafile
 4 auxiliary format
 "/u03/app/oracle/oradata/dup/users01.dbf"   datafile
 5 auxiliary format
 "/u03/app/oracle/oradata/dup/test01.dbf"   ;
   sql 'alter system archive log current';
}
executing Memory Script

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

Starting backup at 2015-06-05 10:55:16
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u03/app/oracle/oradata/db/system01.dbf
output file name=/u03/app/oracle/oradata/dup/system01.dbf tag=TAG20150605T105516
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:01:05
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00002 name=/u03/app/oracle/oradata/db/sysaux01.dbf
output file name=/u03/app/oracle/oradata/dup/sysaux01.dbf tag=TAG20150605T105516
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:55
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u03/app/oracle/oradata/db/undotbs01.dbf
output file name=/u03/app/oracle/oradata/dup/undotbs01.dbf tag=TAG20150605T105516
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00005 name=/u03/app/oracle/oradata/db/test01.dbf
output file name=/u03/app/oracle/oradata/dup/test01.dbf tag=TAG20150605T105516
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u03/app/oracle/oradata/db/users01.dbf
output file name=/u03/app/oracle/oradata/dup/users01.dbf tag=TAG20150605T105516
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 2015-06-05 10:57:41

sql statement: alter system archive log current

contents of Memory Script:
{
   backup as copy reuse
   archivelog like  "/u03/archivelog/1_18_881232587.dbf" auxiliary format
 "/u03/app/oracle/11.2.0/db/dbs/arch1_18_881232587.dbf"   ;
   catalog clone archivelog  "/u03/app/oracle/11.2.0/db/dbs/arch1_18_881232587.dbf";
   switch clone datafile all;
}
executing Memory Script

Starting backup at 2015-06-05 10:57:44
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log copy
input archived log thread=1 sequence=18 RECID=37 STAMP=881578662
output file name=/u03/app/oracle/11.2.0/db/dbs/arch1_18_881232587.dbf RECID=0 STAMP=0
channel ORA_DISK_1: archived log copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 2015-06-05 10:57:45

cataloged archived log
archived log file name=/u03/app/oracle/11.2.0/db/dbs/arch1_18_881232587.dbf RECID=37 STAMP=881578668

datafile 1 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=3 STAMP=881578668 file name=/u03/app/oracle/oradata/dup/system01.dbf
datafile 2 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=4 STAMP=881578668 file name=/u03/app/oracle/oradata/dup/sysaux01.dbf
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=5 STAMP=881578668 file name=/u03/app/oracle/oradata/dup/undotbs01.dbf
datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=6 STAMP=881578668 file name=/u03/app/oracle/oradata/dup/users01.dbf
datafile 5 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=7 STAMP=881578668 file name=/u03/app/oracle/oradata/dup/test01.dbf

contents of Memory Script:
{
   set until scn  883808;
   recover
   clone database
    delete archivelog
   ;
}
executing Memory Script

executing command: SET until clause

Starting recover at 2015-06-05 10:57:46
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=18 device type=DISK

starting media recovery

archived log for thread 1 with sequence 18 is already on disk as file /u03/app/oracle/11.2.0/db/dbs/arch1_18_881232587.dbf
archived log file name=/u03/app/oracle/11.2.0/db/dbs/arch1_18_881232587.dbf thread=1 sequence=18
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
Finished recover at 2015-06-05 10:57:50
Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area     313860096 bytes

Fixed Size                     1364340 bytes
Variable Size                109055628 bytes
Database Buffers             197132288 bytes
Redo Buffers                   6307840 bytes

contents of Memory Script:
{
   sql clone "alter system set  db_name =
 ''DUP'' comment=
 ''Reset to original value by RMAN'' scope=spfile";
   sql clone "alter system reset  db_unique_name scope=spfile";
   shutdown clone immediate;
   startup clone nomount;
}
executing Memory Script

sql statement: alter system set  db_name =  ''DUP'' comment= ''Reset to original value by RMAN'' scope=spfile

sql statement: alter system reset  db_unique_name scope=spfile

Oracle instance shut down

connected to auxiliary database (not started)
Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area     313860096 bytes

Fixed Size                     1364340 bytes
Variable Size                109055628 bytes
Database Buffers             197132288 bytes
Redo Buffers                   6307840 bytes
sql statement: CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE SET DATABASE "DUP" RESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG
  MAXLOGFILES     16
  MAXLOGMEMBERS      3
  MAXDATAFILES      100
  MAXINSTANCES     8
  MAXLOGHISTORY      292
 LOGFILE
  GROUP   1 ( '/u03/app/oracle/oradata/dup/redo01.log' ) SIZE 50 M  REUSE,
  GROUP   2 ( '/u03/app/oracle/oradata/dup/redo02.log' ) SIZE 50 M  REUSE,
  GROUP   3 ( '/u03/app/oracle/oradata/dup/redo03.log' ) SIZE 50 M  REUSE
 DATAFILE
  '/u03/app/oracle/oradata/dup/system01.dbf'
 CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK


contents of Memory Script:
{
   set newname for tempfile  1 to
 "/u03/app/oracle/oradata/dup/temp01.dbf";
   switch clone tempfile all;
   catalog clone datafilecopy  "/u03/app/oracle/oradata/dup/sysaux01.dbf",
 "/u03/app/oracle/oradata/dup/undotbs01.dbf",
 "/u03/app/oracle/oradata/dup/users01.dbf",
 "/u03/app/oracle/oradata/dup/test01.dbf";
   switch clone datafile all;
}
executing Memory Script

executing command: SET NEWNAME

renamed tempfile 1 to /u03/app/oracle/oradata/dup/temp01.dbf in control file

cataloged datafile copy
datafile copy file name=/u03/app/oracle/oradata/dup/sysaux01.dbf RECID=1 STAMP=881578689
cataloged datafile copy
datafile copy file name=/u03/app/oracle/oradata/dup/undotbs01.dbf RECID=2 STAMP=881578689
cataloged datafile copy
datafile copy file name=/u03/app/oracle/oradata/dup/users01.dbf RECID=3 STAMP=881578689
cataloged datafile copy
datafile copy file name=/u03/app/oracle/oradata/dup/test01.dbf RECID=4 STAMP=881578689

datafile 2 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=1 STAMP=881578689 file name=/u03/app/oracle/oradata/dup/sysaux01.dbf
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=2 STAMP=881578689 file name=/u03/app/oracle/oradata/dup/undotbs01.dbf
datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=3 STAMP=881578689 file name=/u03/app/oracle/oradata/dup/users01.dbf
datafile 5 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=4 STAMP=881578689 file name=/u03/app/oracle/oradata/dup/test01.dbf

contents of Memory Script:
{
   Alter clone database open resetlogs;
}
executing Memory Script

database opened
Finished Duplicate Db at 2015-06-05 10:58:31

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