【ASM】ASMCMD 磁碟後設資料的備份與恢復實踐

lhrbest發表於2016-07-01
ASM

1 實驗目的
對於oracle10g版本的asm，很多功能還不夠完善，比如就沒有asm磁碟資訊後設資料有效的備份方式，如斷電或者誤操作導致asm磁碟頭資訊丟失，不得不重新建立asm磁碟組，透過備份的方式恢復資料，如果沒有備份，則導致資料丟失。oracle11g 在asm命令工具asmcmd中增加了md_backup,md_restore兩個命令可以很好的備份和恢復asm磁碟組後設資料，使用這兩個命令可以方便的備份和恢復asm磁碟的後設資料。

2 實驗環境
資料庫版本     環境  資料庫名  例項名IP地址作業系統和主機名
Oracle11.2.0.1 RAC   racdb
                     racdb1     192.168.1.227 Linux as 5.3+rac1
                     Racdb2     192.168.1.228 linux as 5.3+rac2
 
以上環境針對於磁碟組內磁碟頭資訊丟失恢復
3 實驗步驟
3.1 md_backup備份磁碟組後設資料
3.1.1檢視磁碟組下的磁碟資訊
[grid@rac1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release11.2.0.1.0 Production on Thu Jul 8 15:24:19 2010
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database11gEnterprise Edition Release11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Real Application Clusters and Automatic Storage Management options
SQL> select name,state from v$asm_diskgroup;
NAME STATE
------------------------------ -----------
CRS MOUNTED --CRS磁碟組(存放ocr和vote盤)
TESTDG MOUNTED
SQL> select name,path from v$asm_disk;
NAME PATH
TESTDG_0000 /dev/raw/raw1
3.1.2用kfed讀取磁碟頭資訊
比如讀取磁碟組TESTDG下/dev/raw/raw1磁碟頭資訊
[grid@rac1 amdu_2010_07_08_15_15_18]$ kfed read /dev/raw/raw1 > /home/grid/raw1bak.txt
[grid@rac1 amdu_2010_07_08_15_15_18]$ more /home/grid/raw1bak.txt
kfbh.endian: 1 ; 0x000: 0x01
kfbh.hard: 130 ; 0x001: 0x82
kfbh.type: 1 ; 0x002: KFBTYP_DISKHEAD
kfbh.datfmt: 1 ; 0x003: 0x01
kfbh.block.blk: 0 ; 0x004: T=0 NUMB=0x0
kfbh.block.obj: 2147483648 ; 0x008: TYPE=0x8 NUMB=0x0
kfbh.check: 534688621 ; 0x00c: 0x1fdeb36d
kfbh.fcn.base: 0 ; 0x010: 0x00000000
kfbh.fcn.wrap: 0 ; 0x014: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare1: 0 ; 0x018: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare2: 0 ; 0x01c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.provstr: ORCLDISK ; 0x000: length=8
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[0]: 0 ; 0x008: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[1]: 0 ; 0x00c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[2]: 0 ; 0x010: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[3]: 0 ; 0x014: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[4]: 0 ; 0x018: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.driver.reserved[5]: 0 ; 0x01c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.compat: 186646528 ; 0x020: 0x0b200000
kfdhdb.dsknum: 0 ; 0x024: 0x0000
kfdhdb.grptyp: 1 ; 0x026: KFDGTP_EXTERNAL
kfdhdb.hdrsts: 3 ; 0x027: KFDHDR_MEMBER
kfdhdb.dskname: TESTDG_0000 ; 0x028: length=11
kfdhdb.grpname: TESTDG ; 0x048: length=6
kfdhdb.fgname: TESTDG_0000 ; 0x068: length=11
kfdhdb.capname: ; 0x088: length=0
kfdhdb.crestmp.hi: 32939275 ; 0x0a8: HOUR=0xb DAYS=0x8 MNTH=0x7 YEAR=0x7da
kfdhdb.crestmp.lo: 3713031168 ; 0x0ac: USEC=0x0 MSEC=0x17 SECS=0x15 MINS=0x37
kfdhdb.mntstmp.hi: 32939275 ; 0x0b0: HOUR=0xb DAYS=0x8 MNTH=0x7 YEAR=0x7da
kfdhdb.mntstmp.lo: 3725327360 ; 0x0b4: USEC=0x0 MSEC=0x2ff SECS=0x20 MINS=0x37
kfdhdb.secsize: 512 ; 0x0b8: 0x0200
kfdhdb.blksize: 4096 ; 0x0ba: 0x1000
kfdhdb.ausize: 4194304 ; 0x0bc: 0x00400000
kfdhdb.mfact: 454272 ; 0x0c0: 0x0006ee80
kfdhdb.dsksize: 12799 ; 0x0c4: 0x000031ff
kfdhdb.pmcnt: 2 ; 0x0c8: 0x00000002
kfdhdb.fstlocn: 1 ; 0x0cc: 0x00000001
kfdhdb.altlocn: 2 ; 0x0d0: 0x00000002
kfdhdb.f1b1locn: 2 ; 0x0d4: 0x00000002
kfdhdb.redomirrors[0]: 0 ; 0x0d8: 0x0000
kfdhdb.redomirrors[1]: 0 ; 0x0da: 0x0000
kfdhdb.redomirrors[2]: 0 ; 0x0dc: 0x0000
kfdhdb.redomirrors[3]: 0 ; 0x0de: 0x0000
kfdhdb.dbcompat: 168820736 ; 0x0e0: 0x0a100000
kfdhdb.grpstmp.hi: 32939275 ; 0x0e4: HOUR=0xb DAYS=0x8 MNTH=0x7 YEAR=0x7da
kfdhdb.grpstmp.lo: 3712403456 ; 0x0e8: USEC=0x0 MSEC=0x1b2 SECS=0x14 MINS=0x37
kfdhdb.vfstart: 0 ; 0x0ec: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.vfend: 0 ; 0x0f0: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.spfile: 0 ; 0x0f4: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.spfflg: 0 ; 0x0f8: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[0]: 0 ; 0x0fc: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[1]: 0 ; 0x100: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[2]: 0 ; 0x104: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[3]: 0 ; 0x108: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[4]: 0 ; 0x10c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[5]: 0 ; 0x110: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[6]: 0 ; 0x114: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[7]: 0 ; 0x118: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[8]: 0 ; 0x11c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[9]: 0 ; 0x120: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[10]: 0 ; 0x124: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[11]: 0 ; 0x128: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[12]: 0 ; 0x12c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[13]: 0 ; 0x130: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[14]: 0 ; 0x134: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[15]: 0 ; 0x138: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[16]: 0 ; 0x13c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[17]: 0 ; 0x140: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[18]: 0 ; 0x144: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[19]: 0 ; 0x148: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[20]: 0 ; 0x14c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[21]: 0 ; 0x150: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[22]: 0 ; 0x154: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[23]: 0 ; 0x158: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[24]: 0 ; 0x15c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[25]: 0 ; 0x160: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[26]: 0 ; 0x164: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[27]: 0 ; 0x168: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[28]: 0 ; 0x16c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[29]: 0 ; 0x170: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[30]: 0 ; 0x174: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[31]: 0 ; 0x178: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[32]: 0 ; 0x17c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[33]: 0 ; 0x180: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[34]: 0 ; 0x184: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[35]: 0 ; 0x188: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[36]: 0 ; 0x18c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[37]: 0 ; 0x190: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[38]: 0 ; 0x194: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[39]: 0 ; 0x198: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[40]: 0 ; 0x19c: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[41]: 0 ; 0x1a0: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[42]: 0 ; 0x1a4: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[43]: 0 ; 0x1a8: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[44]: 0 ; 0x1ac: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[45]: 0 ; 0x1b0: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[46]: 0 ; 0x1b4: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[47]: 0 ; 0x1b8: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[48]: 0 ; 0x1bc: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[49]: 0 ; 0x1c0: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[50]: 0 ; 0x1c4: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[51]: 0 ; 0x1c8: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[52]: 0 ; 0x1cc: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.ub4spare[53]: 0 ; 0x1d0: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.acdb.aba.seq: 0 ; 0x1d4: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.acdb.aba.blk: 0 ; 0x1d8: 0x00000000
kfdhdb.acdb.ents: 0 ; 0x1dc: 0x0000
kfdhdb.acdb.ub2spare: 0 ; 0x1de: 0x0000
從上面讀出的內容，我們可以獲取以下資訊:

dsknum磁碟號

grptyp磁碟所屬型別EXTERNAL REDUNDANCY,主要有以下三種型別

NORMAL REDUNDANCY- Two-way mirroring, requiring two failure groups.
HIGH REDUNDANCY- Three-way mirroring, requiring three failure groups.
EXTERNAL REDUNDANCY- No mirroring for disks that are already protected using hardware mirroring or RAID.
ddrsts      磁碟頭狀態
dskname在asm中磁碟名
grpname 磁碟組名
fgname failure group name
crestmp.hi   asm磁碟組建立時間
mntstmp.hi   asm磁碟組mount時間
blksize 磁碟頭塊大小4096
ausize 條帶化大小4M
dsksize磁碟大小
f1b1locn File Directory blk 1 AU num   Beginging for file directory
        
3.2 Md_backup備份
[grid@rac1 amdu_2010_07_08_15_15_18]$ asmcmd md_backup /home/grid/asmbk -G 'TESTDG'
Disk group metadata to be backed up: TESTDG
Current alias directory path: rac-cluster/OCRFILE
Current alias directory path: rac-cluster
Current alias directory path: rac-cluster/ASMPARAMETERFILE

3.3 模擬磁碟頭資訊丟失
[grid@rac1 ~]$ dd if=/dev/zero f=/dev/raw/raw1 bs=4096 count=1
1+0 records in
1+0 records out
4096 bytes (4.1 kB) copied, 0.016114 seconds, 254 kB/s

[grid@rac1 ~]$ kfed read /dev/raw/raw1
kfbh.endian: 0 ; 0x000: 0x00
kfbh.hard: 0 ; 0x001: 0x00
kfbh.type: 0 ; 0x002: KFBTYP_INVALID
kfbh.datfmt: 0 ; 0x003: 0x00
kfbh.block.blk: 0 ; 0x004: T=0 NUMB=0x0
kfbh.block.obj: 0 ; 0x008: TYPE=0x0 NUMB=0x0
kfbh.check: 0 ; 0x00c: 0x00000000
kfbh.fcn.base: 0 ; 0x010: 0x00000000
kfbh.fcn.wrap: 0 ; 0x014: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare1: 0 ; 0x018: 0x00000000
kfbh.spare2: 0 ; 0x01c: 0x00000000
ERROR!!!, failed to get the oracore error message
這時磁碟組testdg下/dev/raw/raw1磁碟頭資訊丟失，不能正常讀取。
SQL> alter diskgroup testdg dismount;
Diskgroupaltered.
SQL> alter diskgroup testdg mount;
alter diskgroup testdg mount
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-15032: not all alterations performed
ORA-15017: diskgroup "TESTDG" cannot be mounted
ORA-15063: ASM discovered an insufficient number of disks for diskgroup
"TESTDG"

可以看到testdg不能正常提供對外訪問。
3.4 md_restore命令恢復磁碟組後設資料
3.4.1所有節點把testdg服務offline
Srvctl stop diskgroup –g testdg


否則恢復時會報ORA-15030錯誤
[grid@rac1 ~]$ asmcmd md_restore /home/grid/asmbk.txt --silent -G 'testdg'
Current Diskgroup metadata being restored: TESTDG
ASMCMD-09352: CREATE DISKGROUP failed
ORA-15018: diskgroup cannot be created
ORA-15030: diskgroup name "TESTDG" is in use by another diskgroup (DBD ERROR: OCIStmtExecute)

3.4.2恢復磁碟組後設資料庫
[grid@rac1 ~]$ asmcmd md_restore /home/grid/asmbk --silent -G 'testdg'
Current Diskgroup metadata being restored: TESTDG
Diskgroup TESTDG created!
System template ONLINELOG modified!
System template AUTOBACKUP modified!
System template ASMPARAMETERFILE modified!
System template OCRFILE modified!
System template ASM_STALE modified!
System template OCRBACKUP modified!
System template PARAMETERFILE modified!
System template ASMPARAMETERBAKFILE modified!
System template FLASHFILE modified!
System template XTRANSPORT modified!
System template DATAGUARDCONFIG modified!
System template TEMPFILE modified!
System template ARCHIVELOG modified!
System template CONTROLFILE modified!
System template DUMPSET modified!
System template BACKUPSET modified!
System template FLASHBACK modified!
System template DATAFILE modified!
System template CHANGETRACKING modified!
[grid@rac1 ~]$

3.4.3所有節點包testdg服務online
[grid@rac1 ~]$srvctl start diskgroup -g testdg
[grid@rac1 ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysasm"
SQL*Plus: Release11.2.0.1.0 Production on Thu Jul 8 16:43:53 2010
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database11gEnterprise Edition Release11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Real Application Clusters and Automatic Storage Management options

SQL> select name,state from v$asm_diskgroup;
NAME STATE
---------------
CRS    MOUNTED
TESTDG MOUNTED

可以看到磁碟組testdg恢復成功。
3.5 總結
Oracle11gasm磁碟組內後設資料備份與恢復非常簡單，只需要我們安裝完成後做好備份工作即可。

轉自：http://space.itpub.net/7199859/viewspace-667730

來自 “ ITPUB部落格 ” ，連結：http://blog.itpub.net/26736162/viewspace-2121308/，如需轉載，請註明出處，否則將追究法律責任。

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