實驗3

實驗任務1：

button.hcpp

#pragma once

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using std::string;
using std::cout;

// 按鈕類
class Button {
public:
    Button(const string &text);
    string get_label() const;
    void click();

private:
    string label;
};

Button::Button(const string &text): label{text} {
}

inline string Button::get_label() const {
    return label;
}

void Button::click() {
    cout << "Button '" << label << "' clicked\n";
}

window.hpp

class Window{
public:
    Window(const string &win_title);
    void display() const;
    void close();
    void add_button(const string &label);

private:
    string title;
    vector<Button> buttons;
};

Window::Window(const string &win_title): title{win_title} {
    buttons.push_back(Button("close"));
}

inline void Window::display() const {
    string s(40, '*');

    cout << s << endl;
    cout << "window title: " << title << endl;
    cout << "It has " << buttons.size() << " buttons: " << endl;
    for(const auto &i: buttons)
        cout << i.get_label() << " button" << endl;
    cout << s << endl;
}

void Window::close() {
    cout << "close window '" << title << "'" << endl;
    buttons.at(0).click();
}

void Window::add_button(const string &label) {
    buttons.push_back(Button(label));
}

task1.cpp

#include "window.hpp"
#include <iostream>

using std::cout;
using std::cin;

void test() {
    Window w1("new window");
    w1.add_button("maximize");
    w1.display();
    w1.close();
}

int main() {
    cout << "用組合類模擬簡單GUI:\n";
    test();
}

Q1：自定義了兩個類，分別是Button（按鈕類）和Window（視窗類）；使用到了標準庫的string類和vector類；Window類和Button類之間存在組合關係，vector類和Button類之間存在組合關係

Q2：不適合，const的作用是不讓編譯器改變變數的值，起到保護作用，加const的函式都是如展示display等不需要改變變數的函式，其他要改變的不能加const。而加inline是因為display操作呼叫次數較多，用行內函數來可以節省時間。

Q3：構建一個長度為40的字串。

實驗任務2：

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;

void output1(const vector<int> &v) {
    for(auto &i: v)
        cout << i << ", ";
    cout << "\b\b \n";
}

void output2(const vector<vector<int>> v) {
    for(auto &i: v) {
        for(auto &j: i)
            cout << j << ", ";
        cout << "\b\b \n";
    }
}

void test1() {
    vector<int> v1(5, 42);
    const vector<int> v2(v1);

    v1.at(0) = -999;
    cout << "v1: ";  output1(v1);
    cout << "v2: ";  output1(v2);
    cout << "v1.at(0) = " << v1.at(0) << endl;
    cout << "v2.at(0) = " << v2.at(0) << endl;
}

void test2() {
    vector<vector<int>> v1{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6, 7}};
    const vector<vector<int>> v2(v1);

    v1.at(0).push_back(-999);
    cout << "v1: \n";  output2(v1);
    cout << "v2: \n";  output2(v2);

    vector<int> t1 = v1.at(0);
    cout << t1.at(t1.size()-1) << endl;
    
    const vector<int> t2 = v2.at(0);
    cout << t2.at(t2.size()-1) << endl;
}

int main() {
    cout << "測試1:\n";
    test1();

    cout << "\n測試2:\n";
    test2();
}

Q1:

1：構造並初始化5個42

2：複製構造v1

3：at訪問

Q2:

1：初始化v1為兩個｛1，2，3｝和｛4，5，6，7｝

2: 複製構造v1

3：在尾端插入v1.at（0）

Q3:

1：初始化t1為v1.at(0) t1能夠進行修改

2:輸出

3：初始化t2為v2.at(0) t2不能進行修改

4：輸出

實驗任務3：

task3.cpp

#include "vectorInt.hpp"
#include <iostream>

using std::cin;
using std::cout;

void output(const vectorInt &vi) {
    for(auto i = 0; i < vi.get_size(); ++i)
        cout << vi.at(i) << ", ";
    cout << "\b\b \n";
}


void test1() {
    int n;
    cout << "Enter n: ";
    cin >> n;

    vectorInt x1(n);
    for(auto i = 0; i < n; ++i)
        x1.at(i) = i*i;
    cout << "x1: ";  output(x1);

    vectorInt x2(n, 42);
    vectorInt x3(x2);
    x2.at(0) = -999;
    cout << "x2: ";  output(x2);
    cout << "x3: ";  output(x3);
}

void test2() {
    const vectorInt  x(5, 42);
    vectorInt y(10, 0);

    cout << "y: ";  output(y);
    y.assign(x);
    cout << "y: ";  output(y);
    
    cout << "x.at(0) = " << x.at(0) << endl;
    cout << "y.at(0) = " << y.at(0) << endl;
}

int main() {
    cout << "測試1: \n";
    test1();

    cout << "\n測試2: \n";
    test2();
}

vectorint.hpp

#pragma once

#include <iostream>
#include <cassert>

using std::cout;
using std::endl;

// 動態int陣列物件類
class vectorInt{
public:
    vectorInt(int n);
    vectorInt(int n, int value);
    vectorInt(const vectorInt &vi);
    ~vectorInt();

    int& at(int index);
    const int& at(int index) const;

    vectorInt& assign(const vectorInt &v);
    int get_size() const;

private:
    int size;
    int *ptr;       // ptr指向包含size個int的陣列
};

vectorInt::vectorInt(int n): size{n}, ptr{new int[size]} {
}

vectorInt::vectorInt(int n, int value): size{n}, ptr{new int[size]} {
    for(auto i = 0; i < size; ++i)
        ptr[i] = value;
}

vectorInt::vectorInt(const vectorInt &vi): size{vi.size}, ptr{new int[size]} {
    for(auto i = 0; i < size; ++i)
        ptr[i] = vi.ptr[i];
}

vectorInt::~vectorInt() {
    delete [] ptr;
}

const int& vectorInt::at(int index) const {
    assert(index >= 0 && index < size);

    return ptr[index];
}

int& vectorInt::at(int index) {
    assert(index >= 0 && index < size);

    return ptr[index];
}

vectorInt& vectorInt::assign(const vectorInt &v) {  
    delete[] ptr;       // 釋放物件中ptr原來指向的資源

    size = v.size;
    ptr = new int[size];

    for(int i = 0; i < size; ++i)
        ptr[i] = v.ptr[i];

    return *this;
}

int vectorInt::get_size() const {
    return size;
}

Q1:深複製

Q2:不可以執行，修改完之後資料有安全風險

實驗任務4：

matrix.hpp

#pragma once

#include <cassert>
#include <iostream>

using std::cout;
using std::endl;

// 類Matrix的宣告
class Matrix {
public:
  Matrix(int n, int m);    // 建構函式，構造一個n*m的矩陣, 初始值為value
  Matrix(int n);           // 建構函式，構造一個n*n的矩陣, 初始值為value
  Matrix(const Matrix &x); // 複製建構函式， 使用已有的矩陣X構造
  ~Matrix();

  void set(const double *pvalue); // 用pvalue指向的連續記憶體塊資料按行為矩陣賦值
  void clear();                   // 把矩陣物件的值置0

  const double &at(int i, int j) const; // 返回矩陣物件索引(i,j)的元素const引用
  double &at(int i, int j);             // 返回矩陣物件索引(i,j)的元素引用

  int get_lines() const; // 返回矩陣物件行數
  int get_cols() const;  // 返回矩陣物件列數

  void display() const; // 按行顯示矩陣物件元素值

private:
  int lines; // 矩陣物件內元素行數
  int cols;  // 矩陣物件內元素列數
  double *ptr;
};

// 類Matrix的實現：待補足
Matrix::Matrix(int n, int m) : lines(n), cols(m) {
  ptr = new double[n * m];
  clear();
}

Matrix::Matrix(int n) : Matrix(n, n) {}

Matrix::Matrix(const Matrix &x) : lines(x.lines), cols(x.cols) {
  ptr = new double[lines * cols];
  for (int i = 0; i < lines * cols; i++)
    ptr[i] = x.ptr[i];
}

Matrix::~Matrix() {
  delete[] ptr;
}

void Matrix::set(const double *pvalue) {
  for (int i = 0; i < lines * cols; i++)
    ptr[i] = pvalue[i];
}

void Matrix::clear() {
  for (int i = 0; i < lines * cols; i++)
    ptr[i] = 0;
}

const double &Matrix::at(int i, int j) const {
  assert(i >= 0 && i < lines && j >= 0 && j < cols);
  return ptr[i * cols + j];
}

double &Matrix::at(int i, int j) {
  assert(i >= 0 && i < lines && j >= 0 && j < cols);
  return ptr[i * cols + j];
}

int Matrix::get_lines() const {
  return lines;
}

int Matrix::get_cols() const {
  return cols;
}

void Matrix::display() const {
  for (int i = 0; i < lines; i++) {
    for (int j = 0; j < cols; j++) {
      cout << ptr[i * cols + j] << " ";
    }
    cout << endl;
  }
}

　　tas4.cpp

#include "matrix.hpp"
#include <cassert>
#include <iostream>
#include <numeric>

using std::cin;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;

const int N = 1000;

// 輸出矩陣物件索引為index所在行的所有元素
void output(const Matrix &m, int index) {
  assert(index >= 0 && index < m.get_lines());

  for (auto j = 0; j < m.get_cols(); ++j)
    cout << m.at(index, j) << ", ";
  cout << "\b\b \n";
}

void test1() {
  double x[1000];

  std::iota(x, x + N, 1); // 用1到N初始化陣列x

  int n, m;
  cout << "Enter n and m: ";
  cin >> n >> m;

  Matrix m1(n, m); // 建立矩陣物件m1, 大小n×m
  m1.set(x);       // 用一維陣列x的值按行為矩陣m1賦值

  Matrix m2(m, n); // 建立矩陣物件m1, 大小m×n
  m2.set(x);       // 用一維陣列x的值按行為矩陣m1賦值

  Matrix m3(2); // 建立一個2×2矩陣物件
  m3.set(x);    // 用一維陣列x的值按行為矩陣m4賦值

  cout << "矩陣物件m1: \n";
  m1.display();
  cout << endl;
  cout << "矩陣物件m2: \n";
  m2.display();
  cout << endl;
  cout << "矩陣物件m3: \n";
  m3.display();
  cout << endl;
}

void test2() {
  Matrix m1(2, 3);
  m1.clear();

  const Matrix m2(m1);
  m1.at(0, 0) = -999;

  cout << "m1.at(0, 0) = " << m1.at(0, 0) << endl;
  cout << "m2.at(0, 0) = " << m2.at(0, 0) << endl;
  cout << "矩陣物件m1第0行: ";
  output(m1, 0);
  cout << "矩陣物件m2第0行: ";
  output(m2, 0);
}

int main() {
  cout << "測試1: \n";
  test1();

  cout << "測試2: \n";
  test2();
}

　　

實驗任務5

user.hpp

#pragma once

#include<iostream>
#include<vector>

using namespace std;

class User {
    public:
        User(const string& name1, const string& password1="123456", const string& email1="");
        void set_email();
        void change_password();
        void display() const;
    private:
        string name;
        string password;
        string email;
};
User::User(const string& name1, const string& password1, const string& email1) :name { name1 }, password { password1 }, email { email1 } {
}
void User::set_email() {
    cout << "Enter email address: ";
    string emaill;
    cin >> emaill;
    while (1) {
        if (emaill.find('@') != string::npos) {
            email = emaill;
            cout << "email is set successfully..." << endl;
            break;
        } else {
            cout << "illegal email.Please re-enter email: ";
            cin >> emaill;
            cout;
        }
    }
}
void User::change_password() {
    cout << "Enter old password: ";
    string password1;
    cin >> password1;
    int cnts = 1;
    while (cnts < 3) {
        if (password1 == password) {
            cout << "new password: ";
            cin >> password1;
            password = password1;
            cout << "new password is set successfully..." ;
            break;
        } else {
            cout << "password input error. Please re-enter agagin";
            cin >> password1;
            cnts++;
        }
    }
    if (cnts == 3) cout << "password input error.Please try after a while" << endl;;
}
void User::display()const {
    cout << "name:  " << name << endl;
    cout << "pass:  " << password << endl;
    cout << "email:  " << email << endl;
}

　　task5.cpp

#include "user.hpp"
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>

using std::cin;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
using std::vector;
using std::string;

void test() {
    vector<User> user_lst;

    User u1("Alice", "2024113", "Alice@hotmail.com");
    user_lst.push_back(u1);
    cout << endl;

    User u2("Bob");
    u2.set_email();
    u2.change_password();
    user_lst.push_back(u2);
    cout << endl;

    User u3("Hellen");
    u3.set_email();
    u3.change_password();
    user_lst.push_back(u3);
    cout << endl;

    cout << "There are " << user_lst.size() << " users. they are: " << endl;
    for(auto &i: user_lst) {
        i.display();
        cout << endl;
    }
}

int main() {
    test();
}

　　

實驗任務6：

account.hpp

#pragma once

#include"date.hpp"
#include<string>
#include<cmath>
#include<iostream>

using namespace std;

class SavingsAccount {
    private:
        string id;
        double balance;
        double rate;
        Date lastDate;
        double accumulation;
        static double total;
        void record(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc);
        void error(const string& msg) const;
        double accumulate(const Date& date)const {
            return accumulation + balance * date.distance(lastDate);
        }
    public:
        SavingsAccount(const Date& date, const string& id, double rate);
        const string& getId()const {
            return id;
        }
        double getBalance()const {
            return balance;
        }
        double getRate()const {
            return rate;
        }
        static double getTotal() {
            return total;
        }
        void deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc);
        void withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc);
        void settle(const Date& date);
        void show() const;
};
double SavingsAccount::total = 0;
SavingsAccount::SavingsAccount(const Date& date, const string& id, double rate) :
    id(id), balance(0), rate(rate), lastDate(date), accumulation(0) {
    date.show();
    cout << "\t#" << id << "created" << endl;
}
void SavingsAccount::record(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) {
    accumulation = accumulate(date);
    lastDate = date;
    amount = floor(amount * 100 + 0.5) / 100;
    balance += amount;
    total += amount;
    date.show();
    cout << "\t#" << id << "\t" << amount << "\t" << balance << "\t" << desc << endl;
}
void SavingsAccount::error(const string& msg) const {
    cout << "Error(#" << id << "):" << msg << endl;
}
void SavingsAccount::deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) {
    record(date, amount, desc);
}
void SavingsAccount::withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) {
    if (amount > getBalance())
        error("not enough money");
    else
        record(date, -amount, desc);
}
void SavingsAccount::settle(const Date& date) {
    double interest = accumulate(date) * rate / date.distance(Date(date.getYear() - 1, 1, 1));
    if (interest != 0) record( date,interest,"interest" );
    accumulation = 0;
}
void SavingsAccount::show()const {
    cout << id << "\tBalance: " << balance;
}

　　date.hpp

#pragma once

#include<iostream>
#include<cstdlib>

using namespace std;
class Date {
    private:
        int year;
        int month;
        int day;
        int totalDays;
    public:
        Date(int year, int month, int day);
        int getYear()const {
            return year;
        }
        int getMonth()const {
            return month;
        }
        int getDay()const {
            return day;
        }
        int getMaxDay()const;
        bool isLeapYear()const {
            return year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0 || year % 400 == 0;
        }
        void show() const;
        int distance(const Date& date)const {
            return totalDays - date.totalDays;
        }
};
namespace {
    const int DAYS_BEFIRE_MONTH[] = { 0,31,59,90,120,151,181,212,243,273,304 ,334,365 };
}
Date::Date(int year, int month, int day) :year(year), month(month), day(day) {
    if (day <= 0 || day > getMaxDay()) {
        cout << "Invalid date: ";
        show();
        cout << endl;
        exit(1);
    }
    int years = year - 1;
    totalDays = years * 365 + years / 4 - years / 100 + years / 400 + DAYS_BEFIRE_MONTH[month - 1] + day;
    if (isLeapYear() && month > 2) totalDays++;
}
int Date::getMaxDay()const {
    if (isLeapYear() &&month == 2)
        return 29;
    else return DAYS_BEFIRE_MONTH[month] - DAYS_BEFIRE_MONTH[month - 1];
}
void Date::show()const {
    cout << getYear() << "-" << getMonth() << "-" << getDay();
}

　　task.cpp

#include"account.hpp"
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
    Date date { 2008,11,1 };
    SavingsAccount accounts[] = {
        SavingsAccount(date,"03755217",0.015),
        SavingsAccount(date,"02342342",0.015)
    };
    const int n = sizeof(accounts) / sizeof(SavingsAccount);
    accounts[0].deposit(Date(2008, 11, 5), 5000, "salary");
    accounts[1].deposit(Date(2008, 11, 25), 10000, "sell stock 0323");
    accounts[0].deposit(Date(2008, 12, 5), 5500, "salary");
    accounts[1].withdraw(Date(2008, 12, 20), 4000, "buy a laptop");
    cout << endl;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        accounts[i].settle(Date(2009, 1, 1));
        accounts[i].show();
        cout << endl;
    }
    cout << "Total: " << SavingsAccount::getTotal() << endl;
    return 0;
}