這篇文章討論剛在客戶現場完成的一個跨平臺的資料庫還原與恢復。生產環境是Windows平臺的11.2.0.3的單機資料庫，新裝了一套Linux平臺的11.2.0.3單機資料庫。由於資料庫版本是相同的，且用於測試，所以直接複製最新的資料庫RMAN備份及部分歸檔Redo日誌恢復到Linux平臺即可。下面是完成的還原與恢復步驟：

1.還原資料庫：
1).複製必要的控制檔案、資料檔案、歸檔Redo日誌檔案備份到Linux伺服器。

2).新建或複製引數檔案，啟動到nomount狀態。
引數檔案跟資料庫的還原與恢復沒有太大關係。所以新建或者複製，確保引數檔案的內容符合Linux平臺即可。

3).還原控制檔案：
RMAN > restore controlfile from '/u02/backup/CONTROL_C-1313645298-20120727-00';
RMAN > sql 'alter database mount';

4).編制備份檔案目錄：
a).刪除現有控制檔案中的備份目錄：
RMAN > delete noprompt backup;

b).新編控制檔案備份目錄：

RMAN> catalog start with '/u02/backup';

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

searching for all files that match the pattern /u02/backup

List of Files Unknown to the Database

=====================================

File Name: /u02/backup/ARCH_ORCL_20120727_185

File Name: /u02/backup/CONTROL_C-1313645298-20120727-00

File Name: /u02/backup/ARCH_ORCL_20120727_183

File Name: /u02/backup/ORCL_20120727_184

Do you really want to catalog the above files (enter YES or NO)? yes

cataloging files...

cataloging done

List of Cataloged Files

=======================

File Name: /u02/backup/ARCH_ORCL_20120727_185

File Name: /u02/backup/CONTROL_C-1313645298-20120727-00

File Name: /u02/backup/ARCH_ORCL_20120727_183

File Name: /u02/backup/ORCL_20120727_184

5).還原資料庫：

執行類似下面的命令還原資料庫：

RMAN> run{

allocate channel c1 type disk;

allocate channel c2 type disk;

allocate channel c3 type disk;

allocate channel c4 type disk;

set newname for datafile 1 to '/u02/oradata/orcl/SYSTEM01.DBF';

set newname for datafile 2 to '/u02/oradata/orcl/SYSAUX01.DBF';

set newname for datafile 3 to '/u02/oradata/orcl/UNDOTBS01.DBF';

set newname for datafile 4 to '/u02/oradata/orcl/USERS01.DBF';

set newname for datafile 5 to '/u02/oradata/orcl/APACCT.DBF';

set newname for datafile 6 to '/u02/oradata/orcl/APAPPM.DBF';

set newname for datafile 7 to '/u02/oradata/orcl/APBLDBANK.DBF';

set newname for datafile 8 to '/u02/oradata/orcl/APCOMM.DBF';

......

restore database;

switch datafile all;

release channel c1;

release channel c2;

release channel c3;

release channel c4;

}

6).恢復資料庫：
由於這裡只有部分歸檔Redo日誌，只能執行不完全恢復，這裡使用RMAN工具完成資料庫的恢復操作。

a).檢視歸檔Redo日誌情況：

RMAN> list backup of archivelog all;

List of Backup Sets

===================

BS Key Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------

184 2.32M DISK 00:00:00 2012-07-27 02:01:07

BP Key: 184 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20120727T020106

Piece Name: /u02/backup/ARCH_ORCL_20120727_185

List of Archived Logs in backup set 184

Thrd Seq Low SCN Low Time Next SCN Next Time

---- ------- ---------- ------------------- ---------- ---------

1 353 10145048 2012-07-27 02:00:03 10145836 2012-07-27 02:01:06

BS Key Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------

185 556.91M DISK 00:00:00 2012-07-27 02:00:03

BP Key: 185 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20120727T020003

Piece Name: /u02/backup/ARCH_ORCL_20120727_183

List of Archived Logs in backup set 185

Thrd Seq Low SCN Low Time Next SCN Next Time

---- ------- ---------- ------------------- ---------- ---------

1 346 9918930 2012-07-26 02:01:06 9973935 2012-07-26 09:20:58

1 347 9973935 2012-07-26 09:20:58 10024381 2012-07-26 12:48:10

1 348 10024381 2012-07-26 12:48:10 10073180 2012-07-26 18:00:42

1 349 10073180 2012-07-26 18:00:42 10100578 2012-07-26 22:00:11

1 350 10100578 2012-07-26 22:00:11 10114265 2012-07-26 22:01:08

1 351 10114265 2012-07-26 22:01:08 10136125 2012-07-27 00:18:45

1 352 10136125 2012-07-27 00:18:45 10145048 2012-07-27 02:00:03

歸檔Redo日誌中最大的序列號是353。

b).檢視現有資料庫的狀態：

SQL> select checkpoint_change# from v$database;

CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#

------------------

10145048

SQL> select checkpoint_change# from v$datafile;

CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#

------------------

10145599

......

36 rows selected.

SQL> select checkpoint_change# from v$database;

CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#

------------------

10145048

SQL> select checkpoint_change# from v$datafile_header;

CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#

------------------

0

......

36 rows selected.

該值是儲存在資料檔案頭中，由於控制檔案中保留的還是Windows環境的資料檔案位置，所以並不能讀取到資料檔案頭中儲存的checkpoint_change#值。

SQL> select checkpoint_change# from v$thread;

CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#

------------------

10145048

c).恢復資料庫：

RMAN> run{

allocate channel c1 type disk;

allocate channel c2 type disk;

set until sequence 354;

recover database;

release channel c1;

release channel c2;

}

這裡我們為了能恢復資料庫到一致性的狀態，選用sequence的方式，歸檔Redo日誌最大的sequence是353，所以set until sequence需要指定到353+1。

allocated channel: c1

channel c1: SID=1473 device type=DISK

allocated channel: c2

channel c2: SID=1 device type=DISK

executing command: SET until clause

Starting recover at 2012-07-27 18:27:40

released channel: c1

released channel: c2

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-03002: failure of recover command at 07/27/2012 18:27:40

RMAN-06094: datafile 1 must be restored

這是由於在控制檔案中的資料檔案的位置還是Windows環境的位置，所以我們要重建一下控制檔案。

d).重建控制檔案：

[oracle@dbser1 dbs]$ sql

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Fri Jul 27 18:28:04 2012

Connected to:

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> select name from v$datafile;

NAME

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

D:\DATA\ORCL\SYSTEM01.DBF

D:\DATA\ORCL\SYSAUX01.DBF

D:\DATA\ORCL\UNDOTBS01.DBF

D:\DATA\ORCL\USERS01.DBF

D:\DATA\ORCL\APACCT.DBF

D:\DATA\ORCL\APAPPM.DBF

D:\DATA\ORCL\APBLDBANK.DBF

D:\DATA\ORCL\APCOMM.DBF

......

36 rows selected.

SQL> alter database backup controlfile to trace as '/u02/control.txt';

Database altered.

SQL> shutdown immediate

ORA-01109: database not open

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL>

SQL> startup nomount

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 2.1379E+10 bytes

Fixed Size 2237776 bytes

Variable Size 2080377520 bytes

Database Buffers 1.9260E+10 bytes

Redo Buffers 36098048 bytes

SQL> CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "ORCL" RESETLOGS FORCE LOGGING ARCHIVELOG

2 MAXLOGFILES 16

3 MAXLOGMEMBERS 3

4 MAXDATAFILES 1000

5 MAXINSTANCES 8

6 MAXLOGHISTORY 292

7 LOGFILE

8 GROUP 1 '/u02/oradata/orcl/REDO01.LOG' SIZE 128M BLOCKSIZE 512,

9 GROUP 2 '/u02/oradata/orcl/REDO02.LOG' SIZE 128M BLOCKSIZE 512,

10 GROUP 3 '/u02/oradata/orcl/REDO03.LOG' SIZE 128M BLOCKSIZE 512

11 -- STANDBY LOGFILE

12 DATAFILE

13 '/u02/oradata/orcl/SYSTEM01.DBF',

14 '/u02/oradata/orcl/SYSAUX01.DBF',

15 '/u02/oradata/orcl/UNDOTBS01.DBF',

16 '/u02/oradata/orcl/USERS01.DBF',

'/u02/oradata/orcl/APACCT.DBF',

17 '/u02/oradata/orcl/APAPPM.DBF',

18 19 '/u02/oradata/orcl/APBLDBANK.DBF',

20 '/u02/oradata/orcl/APCOMM.DBF',

......

49 CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK

50 ;

Control file created.

SQL>

e).重新編制控制檔案中的備份目錄：

Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

[oracle@dbser1 dbs]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Fri Jul 27 18:32:11 2012

connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1313645298, not open)

RMAN> catalog start with '/u02/backup';

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

searching for all files that match the pattern /u02/backup

List of Files Unknown to the Database

=====================================

File Name: /u02/backup/ARCH_ORCL_20120727_185

File Name: /u02/backup/CONTROL_C-1313645298-20120727-00

File Name: /u02/backup/ARCH_ORCL_20120727_183

File Name: /u02/backup/ORCL_20120727_184

Do you really want to catalog the above files (enter YES or NO)? yes

cataloging files...

cataloging done

List of Cataloged Files

=======================

File Name: /u02/backup/ARCH_ORCL_20120727_185

File Name: /u02/backup/CONTROL_C-1313645298-20120727-00

File Name: /u02/backup/ARCH_ORCL_20120727_183

File Name: /u02/backup/ORCL_20120727_184

f).恢復資料庫：

RMAN> run{

2> set until sequence 354;

3> recover database;

4> }

executing command: SET until clause

Starting recover at 2012-07-27 18:32:51

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=1473 device type=DISK

starting media recovery

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log restore to default destination

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log

archived log thread=1 sequence=353

channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u02/backup/ARCH_ORCL_20120727_185

channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u02/backup/ARCH_ORCL_20120727_185 tag=TAG20120727T020106

channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1

channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

archived log file name=/u02/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2012_07_27/o1_mf_1_353_814vlr4f_.arc thread=1 sequence=353

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

RMAN-03002: failure of recover command at 07/27/2012 18:33:03

RMAN-11003: failure during parse/execution of SQL statement: alter database recover logfile '/u02/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2012_07_27/o1_mf_1_353_814vlr4f_.arc'

ORA-10562: Error occurred while applying redo to data block (file# 2, block# 124805)

ORA-10564: tablespace SYSAUX

ORA-01110: data file 2: '/u02/oradata/orcl/SYSAUX01.DBF'

ORA-10561: block type 'TRANSACTION MANAGED INDEX BLOCK', data object# 84284

ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [ktbair2_0], [154], [64], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], [], []

g).檢視恢復後的資料庫狀態：

SQL> select checkpoint_change# from v$datafile_header;

CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#

------------------

10145603

......

36 rows selected.

序列號353的歸檔Redo日誌的SCN號在10145048~10145836之間，現在資料檔案頭中的資訊在此範圍內，說明資料檔案已經應用了353的歸檔Redo日誌。

SQL> select checkpoint_change# from v$database;

CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#

------------------

0

SQL> select last_change# from v$datafile;

LAST_CHANGE#

------------

........

36 rows selected.

由於控制檔案被重建，儲存在其中的checkpoint_change#資訊全部都沒了。

h).開啟資料庫：

SQL> alter database open resetlogs;

Database altered.

SQL> select status from v$instance;

STATUS

------------

OPEN

跨平臺還原、恢復資料庫(Windows->Linux)

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