[20180614]刪除bootstrap$記錄無法啟動2

lfree發表於2018-06-14

[20180614]刪除bootstrap$記錄無法啟動2.txt

--//前幾天看連結
--//按照介紹: 有人在資料庫中注入了惡意指令碼,導致資料庫刪除了bootstrap$中資料,關閉之後無法正常啟動delete from bootstrap$;

--//我更多的思考如果我遇到這個問題如何解決:
1.如果有備份只要恢復到delete bootstrap$之前,但是這裡有問題,因為刪除後資料庫還繼續執行.不能繼續應用日誌,這樣有恢復到
  刪除bootstrap$後狀態.

2.如果有備份很好解決,因為bootstrap$的相關塊的資訊不會變動,只要覆蓋對應塊就ok了.
  而且實際上只要oracle版本相同,OS平臺一樣,使用別的資料庫的system表空間檔案中對應的塊替換應該一點問題都沒有.

3.當然最笨的方法就是恢復刪除的記錄.因為執行刪除記錄多,手工恢復感覺還是比較麻煩.

--//我自己也測試看看,演示後2種恢復方法:千萬不要再生產系統做這樣的測試!!
--//今天測試使用bbed的修改方法,前面的參考連結:http://blog.itpub.net/267265/viewspace-2156144/

1.環境:
SCOTT@book> @ ver1
PORT_STRING                    VERSION        BANNER
------------------------------ -------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
x86_64/Linux 2.4.xx            11.2.0.4.0     Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production

--//最好備份資料庫略.首先看看bootstrap$佔用那些塊.
SCOTT@book> select HEADER_FILE,HEADER_BLOCK,BLOCKS,EXTENTS from dba_segments where owner='SYS' and segment_name='BOOTSTRAP$';
HEADER_FILE HEADER_BLOCK     BLOCKS    EXTENTS
----------- ------------ ---------- ----------
          1          520          8          1

SCOTT@book> column PARTITION_NAME noprint
SCOTT@book> select * from dba_extents where owner='SYS' and segment_name='BOOTSTRAP$';
OWNER  SEGMENT_NAME         SEGMENT_TYPE       TABLESPACE_NAME                 EXTENT_ID    FILE_ID   BLOCK_ID      BYTES     BLOCKS RELATIVE_FNO
------ -------------------- ------------------ ------------------------------ ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ------------
SYS    BOOTSTRAP$           TABLE              SYSTEM                                  0          1        520      65536          8            1

--//在system資料檔案頭部也記錄這個位置.透過bbed觀察:
BBED> p dba 1,1 kcvfh.kcvfhrdb
ub4 kcvfhrdb                                @96       0x00400208

BBED> set dba 0x00400208
        DBA             0x00400208 (4194824 1,520)
--//dba= 0x00400208指向的位置就是1,520,也就是sys.BOOTSTRAP$的段頭.

--//做一個sys.bootstrap$的備份:
SCOTT@book> create table bootstrap$bak as select * from sys.bootstrap$;
Table created.

SCOTT@book> select HEADER_FILE,HEADER_BLOCK,BLOCKS,EXTENTS from dba_segments where owner=OWNER and segment_name='BOOTSTRAP$BAK';
HEADER_FILE HEADER_BLOCK     BLOCKS    EXTENTS
----------- ------------ ---------- ----------
          4          858          8          1
--//開始破壞....
SYS@book> delete from sys.bootstrap$;
60 rows deleted.

SYS@book> commit ;
Commit complete.

--//實際上這個問題最嚴重的是如果你一直不重啟,根本不知道這個問題的存在,知道下次重啟才發現問題,
--//也就是可能備份的檔案一直存在問題的.^_^.

2.重啟資料庫:
SYS@book> shutdown immediate ;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SYS@book> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  634732544 bytes
Fixed Size                  2255792 bytes
Variable Size             197133392 bytes
Database Buffers          427819008 bytes
Redo Buffers                7524352 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-03113: end-of-file on communication channel
Process ID: 54149
Session ID: 274 Serial number: 3

--//這裡略去分析,參考連結http://blog.itpub.net/267265/viewspace-2156144/

3.透過bbed修復方法一:
--//一種方法就是如果有system檔案備份,並且這部分資訊是ok的,可以藉助bbed的copy命令修改就可以很快修復.
--//僅僅簡單介紹:
--//編輯檔案filelist.txt加入:
301 /u01/backup/20170301B/system91.dbf

--//我的bbed引數檔案如下:
$ cat bbed.par
blocksize=8192
listfile=$HOME/bbed/filelist.txt
mode=edit
PASSWORD=blockedit
SPOOL=Y

$ cat cmd.par
set count 64
set width 160

--//執行bbed如下:
$ rlwrap -s 9999 -c -r -i $ORACLE_HOME/bin/bbed parfile=bbed.par cmdfile=cmd.par

BBED> info
File#  Name                                Size(blks)
-----  ----                                ----------
     1  /mnt/ramdisk/book/system01.dbf               0
     2  /mnt/ramdisk/book/sysaux01.dbf               0
     3  /mnt/ramdisk/book/undotbs01.dbf              0
     4  /mnt/ramdisk/book/users01.dbf                0
     5  /mnt/ramdisk/book/example01.dbf              0
     6  /mnt/ramdisk/book/tea01.dbf                  0
     7  /mnt/ramdisk/book/sugar01.dbf                0
   101  /mnt/ramdisk/book/control01.ctl              0
   102  /mnt/ramdisk/book/control02.ctl              0
   201  /mnt/ramdisk/book/temp01.dbf                 0
   206  /home/oracle/backup/tea01.dbf                0
   301  /u01/backup/20170301B/system01.dbf           0

BBED> help copy
COPY [ DBA | FILE | FILENAME | BLOCK ] TO [ DBA | FILE | FILENAME | BLOCK ]

BBED> set offset 0
        OFFSET          0
--//注意最好執行offset 設定,不然copy命令實際上從偏移處開始複製.

BBED> copy dba 301,521 to dba 1,521
Warning: contents of previous BIFILE will be lost. Proceed? (Y/N) y
File: /mnt/ramdisk/book/system01.dbf (1)
Block: 521                                                  Offsets:    0 to   63                                               Dba:0x00400209
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
06a20000 09024000 d7010000 00000106 fa520000 01000000 3b000000 73010000 00000000 01f80200 00000000 00002500 02000000 11024000 02004c00 18200000
<64 bytes per line>

BBED> copy dba 301,522 to dba 1,522
File: /mnt/ramdisk/book/system01.dbf (1)
Block: 522                                                  Offsets:    0 to   63                                               Dba:0x0040020a
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
06a20000 0a024000 d7010000 00000106 e81e0000 01000000 3b000000 bb010000 00000000 01f80200 00000000 00002500 02000000 20024000 04000700 15200000
<64 bytes per line>

BBED> copy dba 301,523 to dba 1,523
File: /mnt/ramdisk/book/system01.dbf (1)
Block: 523                                                  Offsets:    0 to   63                                               Dba:0x0040020b
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
06a20000 0b024000 d7010000 00000106 7b7e0000 01000000 3b000000 d0010000 00000000 01000300 00000000 00002500 02000000 27024000 04002f00 0f200000
<64 bytes per line>

--//OK.也可以這樣寫:
BBED> copy filename '/u01/backup/20170301B/system01.dbf' block 521 to filename '/mnt/ramdisk/book/system01.dbf' block 521
File: /mnt/ramdisk/book/system01.dbf (1)
Block: 521                                                  Offsets:    0 to   63                                               Dba:0x00400209
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
06a20000 09024000 d7010000 00000106 fa520000 01000000 3b000000 73010000 00000000 01f80200 00000000 00002500 02000000 11024000 02004c00 18200000
<64 bytes per line>

SYS@book> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area  634732544 bytes
Fixed Size                  2255792 bytes
Variable Size             197133392 bytes
Database Buffers          427819008 bytes
Redo Buffers                7524352 bytes
Database mounted.

--//這樣方法只要原來的system01.dbf是ok的,一般問題不大.

4.透過bbed修復方法二:
--//恢復刪除標識從0x3c=>0x2c,實際上這個要修改60條記錄還是比較麻煩的.
--//注意我前面的bbed引數設定
$ cat bbed.par
blocksize=8192
listfile=$HOME/bbed/filelist.txt
mode=edit
PASSWORD=blockedit
SPOOL=Y

--//spool=y

$ cat d.cmd
set dba 1,521
x /rnnc *kdbr[0]
x /rnnc *kdbr[1]
x /rnnc *kdbr[2]
x /rnnc *kdbr[3]
x /rnnc *kdbr[4]
x /rnnc *kdbr[5]
x /rnnc *kdbr[6]
x /rnnc *kdbr[7]
x /rnnc *kdbr[8]
x /rnnc *kdbr[9]
x /rnnc *kdbr[10]
x /rnnc *kdbr[11]
x /rnnc *kdbr[12]
x /rnnc *kdbr[13]
x /rnnc *kdbr[14]
x /rnnc *kdbr[15]
x /rnnc *kdbr[16]
x /rnnc *kdbr[17]
x /rnnc *kdbr[18]
x /rnnc *kdbr[19]
x /rnnc *kdbr[20]
x /rnnc *kdbr[21]
x /rnnc *kdbr[22]
x /rnnc *kdbr[23]
quit

$ rm log.bbd
/bin/rm: remove regular file `log.bbd'? y

$ rlwrap -s 9999 -c -r -i $ORACLE_HOME/bin/bbed parfile=bbed.par cmdfile=d.cmd
...

$ grep flag log.bbd
flag@8167: 0x3c (KDRHFL, KDRHFF, KDRHFD, KDRHFH)
flag@8030: 0x3c (KDRHFL, KDRHFF, KDRHFD, KDRHFH)
flag@7641: 0x3c (KDRHFL, KDRHFF, KDRHFD, KDRHFH)
flag@7441: 0x3c (KDRHFL, KDRHFF, KDRHFD, KDRHFH)
flag@7058: 0x3c (KDRHFL, KDRHFF, KDRHFD, KDRHFH)
flag@6846: 0x3c (KDRHFL, KDRHFF, KDRHFD, KDRHFH)
flag@6641: 0x3c (KDRHFL, KDRHFF, KDRHFD, KDRHFH)
flag@6029: 0x3c (KDRHFL, KDRHFF, KDRHFD, KDRHFH)
flag@5823: 0x3c (KDRHFL, KDRHFF, KDRHFD, KDRHFH)
flag@5623: 0x3c (KDRHFL, KDRHFF, KDRHFD, KDRHFH)
flag@5402: 0x3c (KDRHFL, KDRHFF, KDRHFD, KDRHFH)
flag@5198: 0x3c (KDRHFL, KDRHFF, KDRHFD, KDRHFH)
flag@4915: 0x3c (KDRHFL, KDRHFF, KDRHFD, KDRHFH)
flag@4681: 0x3c (KDRHFL, KDRHFF, KDRHFD, KDRHFH)
flag@4434: 0x3c (KDRHFL, KDRHFF, KDRHFD, KDRHFH)
flag@3964: 0x3c (KDRHFL, KDRHFF, KDRHFD, KDRHFH)
flag@3756: 0x3c (KDRHFL, KDRHFF, KDRHFD, KDRHFH)
flag@3541: 0x3c (KDRHFL, KDRHFF, KDRHFD, KDRHFH)
flag@3261: 0x3c (KDRHFL, KDRHFF, KDRHFD, KDRHFH)
flag@2477: 0x3c (KDRHFL, KDRHFF, KDRHFD, KDRHFH)
flag@2272: 0x3c (KDRHFL, KDRHFF, KDRHFD, KDRHFH)
flag@1698: 0x3c (KDRHFL, KDRHFF, KDRHFD, KDRHFH)
flag@1489: 0x3c (KDRHFL, KDRHFF, KDRHFD, KDRHFH)
flag@1290: 0x3c (KDRHFL, KDRHFF, KDRHFD, KDRHFH)

$ grep "flag" log.bbd | cut -c6-9 | xargs -I{} echo assign  dba 1,521 offset {} = 0x2c
assign dba 1,521 offset 8167 = 0x2c
assign dba 1,521 offset 8030 = 0x2c
assign dba 1,521 offset 7641 = 0x2c
assign dba 1,521 offset 7441 = 0x2c
assign dba 1,521 offset 7058 = 0x2c
assign dba 1,521 offset 6846 = 0x2c
assign dba 1,521 offset 6641 = 0x2c
assign dba 1,521 offset 6029 = 0x2c
assign dba 1,521 offset 5823 = 0x2c
assign dba 1,521 offset 5623 = 0x2c
assign dba 1,521 offset 5402 = 0x2c
assign dba 1,521 offset 5198 = 0x2c
assign dba 1,521 offset 4915 = 0x2c
assign dba 1,521 offset 4681 = 0x2c
assign dba 1,521 offset 4434 = 0x2c
assign dba 1,521 offset 3964 = 0x2c
assign dba 1,521 offset 3756 = 0x2c
assign dba 1,521 offset 3541 = 0x2c
assign dba 1,521 offset 3261 = 0x2c
assign dba 1,521 offset 2477 = 0x2c
assign dba 1,521 offset 2272 = 0x2c
assign dba 1,521 offset 1698 = 0x2c
assign dba 1,521 offset 1489 = 0x2c
assign dba 1,521 offset 1290 = 0x2c

$ grep "flag" log.bbd | cut -c6-9 | xargs -I{} echo assign  dba 1,521 offset {} = 0x2c > e.cmd
$ rlwrap -s 9999 -c -r -i $ORACLE_HOME/bin/bbed parfile=bbed.par cmdfile=e.cmd
..
--//最後執行:
BBED> sum apply dba 1,521
Check value for File 1, Block 521:
current = 0x4231, required = 0x4231

BBED> quit

--//其它資料塊dba=1,522  以及1,.523如法炮製.略.

BBED> set dba 1,521
        DBA             0x00400209 (4194825 1,521)

BBED> x /24rnnc *kdbr[23]
....

BBED> x /2rnnc *kdbr[23]
--//我這裡顯示2條
rowdata[0]                                  @1290
----------
flag@1290: 0x2c (KDRHFL, KDRHFF, KDRHFH)
lock@1291: 0x01
cols@1292:    3

col    0[2] @1293: 7
col    1[2] @1296: 7
col  2[189] @1299: CREATE INDEX I_TS# ON CLUSTER C_TS# PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 STORAGE (  INITIAL 64K NEXT 1024K MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 214748
3645 PCTINCREASE 0 OBJNO 7 EXTENTS (FILE 1 BLOCK 184))

rowdata[199]                                @1489
------------
flag@1489: 0x2c (KDRHFL, KDRHFF, KDRHFH)
lock@1490: 0x01
cols@1491:    3

col    0[2] @1492: 6
col    1[2] @1495: 6
col  2[199] @1498: CREATE CLUSTER C_TS#("TS#" NUMBER) PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 STORAGE (  INITIAL 64K NEXT 1024K MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTE
NTS 2147483645 PCTINCREASE 0 OBJNO 6 EXTENTS (FILE 1 BLOCK 176))


BBED> set dba 1,522
BBED> x /21rnnc *kdbr[20]
...

BBED> set dba 1,523
        DBA             0x0040020b (4194827 1,523)

BBED> x /151rnnc *kdbr[14]
...

--/重啟資料庫看看.

SYS@book> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area  634732544 bytes
Fixed Size                  2255792 bytes
Variable Size             197133392 bytes
Database Buffers          427819008 bytes
Redo Buffers                7524352 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.

--//OK.修復了刪除bootstrap$導致無法啟動的問題.

來自 “ ITPUB部落格 ” ,連結:http://blog.itpub.net/267265/viewspace-2156149/,如需轉載,請註明出處,否則將追究法律責任。

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