WPF實現樹形下拉選單框(TreeComboBox)

趋时软件發表於2024-04-05

前言

  樹形下拉選單是許多WPF應用程式中常見的使用者介面元素,它能夠以分層的方式展示資料,提供更好的使用者體驗。本文將深入探討如何基於WPF建立一個可定製的樹形下拉選單控制元件,涵蓋從原理到實際實現的關鍵步驟。

一、需求分析

樹形下拉選單控制元件的核心是將ComboBox與TreeView結合起來,以實現下拉時的樹狀資料展示。在WPF中,可以透過自定義控制元件模板、樣式和資料繫結來實現這一目標。

我們首先來分析一下ComboBox控制元件的模板。

<ControlTemplate x:Key="ComboBoxTemplate" TargetType="{x:Type ComboBox}">
    <Grid x:Name="templateRoot" SnapsToDevicePixels="true">
        <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
            <ColumnDefinition Width="*"/>
            <ColumnDefinition MinWidth="{DynamicResource {x:Static SystemParameters.VerticalScrollBarWidthKey}}" Width="0"/>
        </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
        <Popup x:Name="PART_Popup" AllowsTransparency="true" Grid.ColumnSpan="2" IsOpen="{Binding IsDropDownOpen, Mode=TwoWay, RelativeSource={RelativeSource Mode=TemplatedParent}}" Margin="1" Placement="Bottom" PopupAnimation="{DynamicResource {x:Static SystemParameters.ComboBoxPopupAnimationKey}}">
            <theme:SystemDropShadowChrome x:Name="shadow" Color="Transparent" MinWidth="{Binding ActualWidth, ElementName=templateRoot}" MaxHeight="{TemplateBinding MaxDropDownHeight}">
                <Border x:Name="dropDownBorder" Background="{DynamicResource {x:Static SystemColors.WindowBrushKey}}" BorderBrush="{DynamicResource {x:Static SystemColors.WindowFrameBrushKey}}" BorderThickness="1">
                    <ScrollViewer x:Name="DropDownScrollViewer">
                        <Grid x:Name="grid" RenderOptions.ClearTypeHint="Enabled">
                            <Canvas x:Name="canvas" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Height="0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="0">
                                <Rectangle x:Name="opaqueRect" Fill="{Binding Background, ElementName=dropDownBorder}" Height="{Binding ActualHeight, ElementName=dropDownBorder}" Width="{Binding ActualWidth, ElementName=dropDownBorder}"/>
                            </Canvas>
                            <ItemsPresenter x:Name="ItemsPresenter" KeyboardNavigation.DirectionalNavigation="Contained" SnapsToDevicePixels="{TemplateBinding SnapsToDevicePixels}"/>
                        </Grid>
                    </ScrollViewer>
                </Border>
            </theme:SystemDropShadowChrome>
        </Popup>
        <ToggleButton x:Name="toggleButton" Background="{TemplateBinding Background}" BorderBrush="{TemplateBinding BorderBrush}" BorderThickness="{TemplateBinding BorderThickness}" Grid.ColumnSpan="2" IsChecked="{Binding IsDropDownOpen, Mode=TwoWay, RelativeSource={RelativeSource Mode=TemplatedParent}}" Style="{StaticResource ComboBoxToggleButton}"/>
        <ContentPresenter x:Name="contentPresenter" ContentStringFormat="{TemplateBinding SelectionBoxItemStringFormat}" ContentTemplate="{TemplateBinding SelectionBoxItemTemplate}" Content="{TemplateBinding SelectionBoxItem}" ContentTemplateSelector="{TemplateBinding ItemTemplateSelector}" HorizontalAlignment="{TemplateBinding HorizontalContentAlignment}" IsHitTestVisible="false" Margin="{TemplateBinding Padding}" SnapsToDevicePixels="{TemplateBinding SnapsToDevicePixels}" VerticalAlignment="{TemplateBinding VerticalContentAlignment}"/>
    </Grid>
</ControlTemplate>

  從以上程式碼可以看出,其中的Popup控制元件就是下拉部分,那麼按照常理,我們在Popup控制元件中放入一個TreeView控制元件即可實現該需求,但是現實情況遠沒有這麼簡單。我們開發一個控制元件,不僅要從外觀上實現功能,還需要考慮資料繫結、事件觸發、自定義模板等方面的問題,顯然,直接放置一個TreeView控制元件雖然也能實現功能,但是從封裝的角度看,它並不優雅,使用也不方便。那麼有沒有更好的方法滿足以上需求呢?下面提供另一種思路,其核心思想就是融合ComboBox控制元件與TreeView控制元件模板,讓控制元件既保留TreeView的特性,又擁有ComboBox的外觀。

二、程式碼實現

2.1 編輯TreeView模板;

2.2 提取ComboBox的模板程式碼;

2.3 將ComboBox的模板程式碼移植到TreeView模板中;

2.4 將TreeView模板包含ItemsPresenter部分的關鍵程式碼放入ComboBox模板中的Popup控制元件內;

以下為融合後的xaml程式碼

<ControlTemplate TargetType="{x:Type local:TreeComboBox}">
    <Grid x:Name="templateRoot" SnapsToDevicePixels="true">
        <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
            <ColumnDefinition Width="*" />
            <ColumnDefinition Width="0" MinWidth="{DynamicResource {x:Static SystemParameters.VerticalScrollBarWidthKey}}" />
        </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
        <Popup
                            x:Name="PART_Popup"
                            Grid.ColumnSpan="2"
                            MaxHeight="{TemplateBinding MaxDropDownHeight}"
                            Margin="1"
                            AllowsTransparency="true"
                            IsOpen="{Binding IsDropDownOpen, Mode=TwoWay, RelativeSource={RelativeSource Mode=TemplatedParent}}"
                            Placement="Bottom"
                            PopupAnimation="{DynamicResource {x:Static SystemParameters.ComboBoxPopupAnimationKey}}">
            <Border
                                x:Name="PART_Border"
                                Width="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource AncestorType=local:TreeComboBox}, Path=ActualWidth}"
                                Background="{DynamicResource {x:Static SystemColors.WindowBrushKey}}"
                                BorderBrush="{DynamicResource {x:Static SystemColors.WindowFrameBrushKey}}"
                                BorderThickness="1"
                                SnapsToDevicePixels="true">
                <ScrollViewer
                                    x:Name="_tv_scrollviewer_"
                                    Padding="{TemplateBinding Padding}"
                                    Background="{TemplateBinding Background}"
                                    CanContentScroll="false"
                                    Focusable="false"
                                    HorizontalScrollBarVisibility="{TemplateBinding ScrollViewer.HorizontalScrollBarVisibility}"
                                    SnapsToDevicePixels="{TemplateBinding SnapsToDevicePixels}"
                                    VerticalScrollBarVisibility="{TemplateBinding ScrollViewer.VerticalScrollBarVisibility}">
                    <ItemsPresenter />
                </ScrollViewer>
            </Border>
        </Popup>
        <ToggleButton
                            x:Name="toggleButton"
                            Grid.ColumnSpan="2"
                            Background="{TemplateBinding Background}"
                            BorderBrush="{TemplateBinding BorderBrush}"
                            BorderThickness="{TemplateBinding BorderThickness}"
                            IsChecked="{Binding IsDropDownOpen, Mode=TwoWay, RelativeSource={RelativeSource Mode=TemplatedParent}}"
                            Style="{StaticResource ComboBoxToggleButton}" />
        <ContentPresenter
                            x:Name="contentPresenter"
                            Margin="{TemplateBinding Padding}"
                            HorizontalAlignment="{TemplateBinding HorizontalContentAlignment}"
                            VerticalAlignment="{TemplateBinding VerticalContentAlignment}"
                            Content="{TemplateBinding SelectionBoxItem}"
                            ContentTemplate="{TemplateBinding SelectionBoxItemTemplate}"
                            IsHitTestVisible="False" />
    </Grid>
    <ControlTemplate.Triggers>
        <Trigger Property="IsEnabled" Value="false">
            <Setter TargetName="PART_Border" Property="Background" Value="{DynamicResource {x:Static SystemColors.ControlBrushKey}}" />
        </Trigger>
        <Trigger Property="VirtualizingPanel.IsVirtualizing" Value="true">
            <Setter TargetName="_tv_scrollviewer_" Property="CanContentScroll" Value="true" />
        </Trigger>
        <MultiTrigger>
            <MultiTrigger.Conditions>
                <Condition Property="IsGrouping" Value="true" />
                <Condition Property="VirtualizingPanel.IsVirtualizingWhenGrouping" Value="false" />
            </MultiTrigger.Conditions>
            <Setter Property="ScrollViewer.CanContentScroll" Value="false" />
        </MultiTrigger>
    </ControlTemplate.Triggers>
</ControlTemplate>

以下為使用控制元件的程式碼。

<TreeComboBox
                Width="315"
                MinHeight="30"
                Padding="5"
                HorizontalAlignment="Center"
                VerticalAlignment="Top"
                VerticalContentAlignment="Stretch"
                IsAutoCollapse="True"
                ItemsSource="{Binding Collection}">
    <TreeComboBox.SelectionBoxItemTemplate>
        <ItemContainerTemplate>
            <Border>
                <TextBlock VerticalAlignment="Center" Text="{Binding Property1}" />
            </Border>
        </ItemContainerTemplate>
    </TreeComboBox.SelectionBoxItemTemplate>
    <TreeComboBox.ItemTemplate>
        <HierarchicalDataTemplate ItemsSource="{Binding Collection}">
            <TextBlock
                            Margin="5,0,0,0"
                            VerticalAlignment="Center"
                            Text="{Binding Property1}" />
        </HierarchicalDataTemplate>
    </TreeComboBox.ItemTemplate>
</TreeComboBox>

三、執行效果

3.1 單選效果

3.2 多選效果

四、個性化外觀

  當控制元件預設外觀無法滿足需求時,我們可以透過編輯樣式的方式來實現個性化外觀,也可以引用第三方UI庫樣式,以下為使用MaterialDesign的效果。

4.1 單選效果

4.2 多選效果

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