Github 註冊與基本使用

安裝並配置Git客戶端

Git下載地址,選擇Git for Windows，安裝完成後，所有程式 -> Git -> Git Bash，開啟命令提示視窗

TortoiseGit下載地址，配置請看TortoiseGit金鑰的配置

TortoiseGit使用副檔名為ppk的金鑰，而不是ssh-keygen生成的rsa金鑰。也就是說使用ssh-keygen -t rsa -C "yourname@yourcompany.com"產生的金鑰在TortoiseGit中不能用。而基於github的開發必須要用到rsa金鑰，因此需要用到TortoiseGit的putty key generator工具來生成既適用於github的rsa金鑰也適用於TortoiseGit的ppk金鑰，配置步驟如下：

1、執行TortoiseGit開始選單中的Puttygen程式

2、點選“Generate”按鈕，滑鼠在上圖的空白地方來回移動直到進度條完畢，就會自動生一個隨機的key

3、為金鑰設定對應的訪問密碼，在“Key passphrase”和“Confirm passphrase”的後面的輸入框中輸入密碼

4、將多行文字框中以“ssh-rsa”開頭的內容全選、複製，並貼上到github的 Account Settings -> SSH Keys -> Add SSH key -> Key欄位中，這就是適用於github的公鑰

5、點選“Save private key”按鈕,將生成的key儲存為適用於TortoiseGit的私鑰（副檔名為.ppk）

6、執行TortoiseGit開始選單中的Pageant程式，程式啟動後將自動停靠在工作列中，雙擊該圖示，彈出key管理列表

7、點選“Add Key”按鈕，將第5步儲存的ppk私鑰新增進來，關閉對話方塊即可
經上述配置後，你就可以使用TortoiseGit進行push、pull操作了

輸入以下命令配置個人資訊

git config –global user.name “yourname”

git config –global user.email “yourname@yourcompany.com”

在本地生成公鑰和私鑰並把公鑰資訊加入GitHub以便把程式碼提交到GitHub

執行5個步驟：

Step 1: Check for SSH keys

First, we need to check for existing SSH keys on your computer. Open Git Bash and enter:

ls -al ~/.ssh
 Lists the files in your .ssh directory, if they exist
Check the directory listing to see if you already have a public SSH key. By default, the filenames of the public keys are one of the following:

id_dsa.pub
id_ecdsa.pub
id_ed25519.pub
id_rsa.pub

Step 2: Generate a new SSH key

With Git Bash still open, copy and paste the text below. Make sure you substitute in your GitHub email address.

ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "your_email@example.com"
 Creates a new ssh key, using the provided email as a label
 Generating public/private rsa key pair.

We strongly suggest keeping the default settings as they are, so when you’re prompted to “Enter a file in which to save the key”, just press Enter to continue.

Enter file in which to save the key (/Users/you/.ssh/id_rsa): [Press enter]
You’ll be asked to enter a passphrase.

Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): [Type a passphrase]
Enter same passphrase again: [Type passphrase again]

Tip: We strongly recommend a very good, secure passphrase. For more information, see “Working with SSH key passphrases”.
After you enter a passphrase, you’ll be given the fingerprint, or id, of your SSH key. It will look something like this:

Your identification has been saved in /Users/you/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /Users/you/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
01:0f:f4:3b:ca:85:d6:17:a1:7d:f0:68:9d:f0:a2:db your_email@example.com
Step 3: Add your key to the ssh-agent

To configure the ssh-agent program to use the SSH key you’ve generated:

If you have GitHub for Windows installed, you can use it to clone repositories and not deal with SSH keys. It also comes with the Git Bash tool, which is the preferred way of running git commands on Windows.

Ensure ssh-agent is enabled:

If you are using Git Bash, turn on ssh-agent:

start the ssh-agent in the background

ssh-agent -s
Agent pid 59566
If you are using another terminal prompt, such as msysgit, turn on ssh-agent:

start the ssh-agent in the background

eval $(ssh-agent -s)
Agent pid 59566
Add your generated SSH key to the ssh-agent:

ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_rsa

Step 4: Add your SSH key to your account

To configure your GitHub account to use your SSH key:

Copy the SSH key to your clipboard. If your key is named id_dsa.pub, id_ecdsa.pub or id_ed25519.pub, then change the filename below from id_rsa.pub to the one that matches your key:

clip < ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub

Copies the contents of the id_rsa.pub file to your clipboard
Warning: It's important to copy the key exactly without adding newlines or whitespace.
Add the copied key to GitHub:

In the top right corner of any page, click .

In the user settings sidebar, click SSH keys.

Click Add SSH key.

In the Title field, add a descriptive label for the new key. For example, if you're using a personal Mac, you might call this key "Personal MacBook Air".
Paste your key into the "Key" field.
Click Add key.
Confirm the action by entering your GitHub password.

Step 5: Test the connection

To make sure everything is working, you'll now try to SSH into . When you do this, you will be asked to authenticate this action using your password, which is the SSH key passphrase you created earlier.

Open Git Bash and enter:

ssh -T git@github.com
# Attempts to ssh to GitHub
You may see this warning:

# The authenticity of host 'github.com (207.97.227.239)' can't be established.
# RSA key fingerprint is 16:27:ac:a5:76:28:2d:36:63:1b:56:4d:eb:df:a6:48.
# Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)?
Verify the fingerprint in the message you see matches the following message, then type yes:

# Hi username! You've successfully authenticated, but GitHub does not
# provide shell access.
If the username in the message is yours, you've successfully set up your SSH key!

If you receive a message about "access denied," you can read these instructions for diagnosing the issue.

If you're switching from HTTPS to SSH, you'll now need to update your remote repository URLs. For more information, see Changing a remote's URL.

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Article versions
GitHub.com
GitHub Enterprise 2.2
GitHub Enterprise 2.1
GitHub Enterprise 2.0
GitHub Enterprise 11.10.340

如果在複製公鑰的時候出現“clip: command not found”，則找到在生成公鑰時指定的路徑（如win7下使用者為xxx則預設為：C:\Users\xxx.ssh）下的id_rsa.pub檔案，用文字編輯工具寫字板開啟復制即可