寫一個查詢天氣的demo。
程式碼github地址:github.com/koudle/GDG_…
1.建立工程
在Android Studio中,File
-> New
->New Flutter Project
-> Flutter Application
建立完工程後,有三個目錄
android
:Android工程的目錄
ios
:iOS工程的目錄
lib
: Flutter工程的目錄
其中android、ios下的檔案我們都不動,我們只改動lib目錄下的dart檔案。
2.執行Flutter工程
- 連線手機
- 這裡不建議用模擬器,因為模擬器在用GPU渲染時可能會出問題,導致圖片渲染不出來。
- 然後按
Run
在手機上把程式跑起來。
3.天氣API介面申請
註冊地址console.heweather.com/register
註冊完後,再看API文件 www.heweather.com/documents
demo這裡用的是,獲取當天天氣情況的API:www.heweather.com/documents/a…
用的請求URL如下:
https://free-api.heweather.com/s6/weather/now?location=廣州&key=******
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4.介面編寫
在建立的工程裡,有個main.dart
裡面有一段顯示介面的程式碼如下:
class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
// This widget is the root of your application.
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return MaterialApp(
title: 'Flutter Demo',
theme: ThemeData(
// This is the theme of your application.
//
// Try running your application with "flutter run". You'll see the
// application has a blue toolbar. Then, without quitting the app, try
// changing the primarySwatch below to Colors.green and then invoke
// "hot reload" (press "r" in the console where you ran "flutter run",
// or press Run > Flutter Hot Reload in a Flutter IDE). Notice that the
// counter didn't reset back to zero; the application is not restarted.
primarySwatch: Colors.blue,
),
home: MyHomePage(title: 'Flutter Demo Home Page'),
);
}
}
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其中home
就是要顯示的介面,這裡我們要把MyHomePage
換成我們自己的。
4.1 建立WeatherWidget
通過 new
-> Dart File
在lib目錄下建立WeatherWidget
class WeatherWidget extends StatefulWidget{
@override
State<StatefulWidget> createState() {
// TODO: implement createState
return new WeatherState();
}
}
class WeatherState extends State<WeatherWidget>{
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
// TODO: implement build
return Scaffold(
);
}
}
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建立完後,在main.dart
中將home
改為WeatherWidget
,如下:
class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
// This widget is the root of your application.
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return MaterialApp(
title: 'Flutter Demo',
theme: ThemeData(
primarySwatch: Colors.blue,
),
home: WeatherWidget(),
);
}
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4.2 HotReload
在寫UI的工程中,我們可以用到Flutter的hot reload的特性,寫佈局的時候,按ctrl+s
或cmd+s
就可以在手機上實時看到介面的變化。
這個功能很好用。
4.3新增圖片資源
Flutter可以新增不同的資源,例如圖片、文字、配置檔案、靜態資料等。
新增資源時,需要在pubspec.yaml
檔案中的flutter
屬性下新增assets
,並標明要新增資源的路徑,例如,我們要加入指定的圖片時,可以這麼寫:
flutter:
assets:
- assets/my_icon.png
- assets/background.png
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如果要新增的資源太多,也可以新增資料夾,例如:
flutter:
assets:
- assets/
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在本demo中,要新增一個背景圖,我們在工程的根目錄下建立images
目錄,將背景圖放在images
目錄下,然後在pubspec.yaml
中新增:
flutter:
# The following line ensures that the Material Icons font is
# included with your application, so that you can use the icons in
# the material Icons class.
uses-material-design: true
assets:
- images/
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4.4 寫WeatherWidget的UI佈局
在Scaffold
中新增body
的屬性,來寫UI的佈局,如下:
class WeatherState extends State<WeatherWidget>{
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
// TODO: implement build
return Scaffold(
body: new Stack(
fit: StackFit.expand,
children: <Widget>[
new Image.asset("images/weather_bg.jpg",fit: BoxFit.fitHeight,),
new Column(
mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.start,
crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.center,
children: <Widget>[
new Container(
width: double.infinity,
margin: EdgeInsets.only(top: 40.0),
child: new Text(
"廣州市",
textAlign: TextAlign.center,
style: new TextStyle(
color: Colors.white,
fontSize: 30.0,
),
),
),
new Container(
width: double.infinity,
margin: EdgeInsets.only(top: 100.0),
child: new Column(
children: <Widget>[
new Text(
"20 °",
style: new TextStyle(
color: Colors.white,
fontSize: 80.0
)),
new Text(
"晴",
style: new TextStyle(
color: Colors.white,
fontSize: 45.0
)),
new Text(
"溼度 80%",
style: new TextStyle(
color: Colors.white,
fontSize: 30.0
),
)
],
),
)
],
)
],
),
);
}
}
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按ctrl+s
,在手機上就可以看到寫好的UI,但這時候的資料是寫死的,下來看如何通過http獲取資料。
5.通過http獲取資料
要通過http資料,我們首先要新增http的依賴庫,在pubspec.yaml
中的dependencies
新增如下:
dependencies:
flutter:
sdk: flutter
# The following adds the Cupertino Icons font to your application.
# Use with the CupertinoIcons class for iOS style icons.
cupertino_icons: ^0.1.2
http: ^0.12.0
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然後在當前工程目錄下執行以下命令列:
$ flutter packages get
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或者在Android Stuido 開啟pubspec.yaml
檔案,點選上面的packages get
這裡操作的意義是,拉取http的庫。
5.1 建立WeatherData類
通過 new
-> Dart File
在lib目錄下建立WeatherData
class WeatherData{
String cond; //天氣
String tmp; //溫度
String hum; //溼度
WeatherData({this.cond, this.tmp, this.hum});
factory WeatherData.fromJson(Map<String, dynamic> json) {
return WeatherData(
cond: json['HeWeather6'][0]['now']['cond_txt'],
tmp: json['HeWeather6'][0]['now']['tmp']+"°",
hum: "溼度 "+json['HeWeather6'][0]['now']['hum']+"%",
);
}
factory WeatherData.empty() {
return WeatherData(
cond: "",
tmp: "",
hum: "",
);
}
}
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5.2 資料獲取
class WeatherState extends State<WeatherWidget>{
WeatherData weather = WeatherData.empty();
WeatherState(){
_getWeather();
}
void _getWeather() async{
WeatherData data = await _fetchWeather();
setState((){
weather = data;
});
}
Future<WeatherData> _fetchWeather() async{
final response = await http.get('https://free-api.heweather.com/s6/weather/now?location=廣州&key=ebb698e9bb6844199e6fd23cbb9a77c5');
if(response.statusCode == 200){
return WeatherData.fromJson(json.decode(response.body));
}else{
return WeatherData.empty();
}
}
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
...
}
}
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5.3 將之前寫死的資料換成WeatherData
...
child: new Column(
children: <Widget>[
new Text(
weather?.tmp,
style: new TextStyle(
color: Colors.white,
fontSize: 80.0
)),
new Text(
weather?.cond,
style: new TextStyle(
color: Colors.white,
fontSize: 45.0
)),
new Text(
weather?.hum,
style: new TextStyle(
color: Colors.white,
fontSize: 30.0
),
)
],
),
...
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