SpringMVC是什麼
Spring web mvc和Struts2都屬於表現層的框架,它是Spring框架的一部分,我們可以從Spring的整體結構中看得出來：

SpringMVC處理流程

入門程式

• 新建web專案，命名為springmvc01

• 匯入jar包
  參考：springMVC-day01\參考資料\jar包\springmvc獨立執行，所有jar包如下：
  spring-jdbc-4.1.3.RELEASE.jar spring-jms-4.1.3.RELEASE.jar spring-messaging-4.1.3.RELEASE.jar spring-tx-4.1.3.RELEASE.jar spring-web-4.1.3.RELEASE.jar spring-webmvc-4.1.3.RELEASE.jar commons-logging-1.1.1.jar jstl-1.2.jar spring-aop-4.1.3.RELEASE.jar spring-aspects-4.1.3.RELEASE.jar spring-beans-4.1.3.RELEASE.jar spring-context-4.1.3.RELEASE.jar spring-context-support-4.1.3.RELEASE.jar spring-core-4.1.3.RELEASE.jar spring-expression-4.1.3.RELEASE.jar

• 配置前端控制器，在web.xml中新增：

<!-- 配置前端控制器 -->
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <!-- 如果沒有指定springMvc核心配置檔案那麼預設會去找/WEB-INF/+<servlet-name>中的內容 +   -servlet.xml配置檔案 -->
    <!-- 指定springMvc核心配置檔案位置 -->
    
    <!-- tomcat啟動的時候就載入這個servlet -->
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

• 啟動tomcat報錯
  Could not open ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/SpringMVC-servlet.xml]
SpringMVC就是web.xml中的<servlet-name>

• 新增SpringMVC核心配置檔案

• 在web.xml中新增

<init-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:SpringMvc.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>

• 在Java Resources下新建一個Source Folder命名為config
  
  

  新建config
• 在config新建SpringMvc.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
    xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo" 
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd
        http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo 
        http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd">
        
        <!-- 配置@Controller註解掃描 -->
        <context:component-scan base-package="cn.huachao.controller"/>
        
</beans>

• Pojo

package cn.huachao.domain;
import java.util.Date;
public class Item {
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private Float price;
    private String pic;
    private Date createtime;
    private String detail;
    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name == null ? null : name.trim();
    }
    public Float getPrice() {
        return price;
    }
    public void setPrice(Float price) {
        this.price = price;
    }
    public String getPic() {
        return pic;
    }
    public void setPic(String pic) {
        this.pic = pic == null ? null : pic.trim();
    }
    public Date getCreatetime() {
        return createtime;
    }
    public void setCreatetime(Date createtime) {
        this.createtime = createtime;
    }
    public String getDetail() {
        return detail;
    }
    public void setDetail(String detail) {
        this.detail = detail == null ? null : detail.trim();
    }
}

• Controller

package cn.huachao.controller;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import cn.huachao.domain.Item;
@Controller
public class ItemController {
    @RequestMapping("/list")
    public ModelAndView  itemsList() throws Exception{
        List<Item> itemList = new ArrayList<>();
        //商品列表
        Item item_1 = new Item();
        item_1.setName("聯想筆記本_3");
        item_1.setPrice(6000f);
        item_1.setDetail("ThinkPad T430 聯想膝上型電腦！");
        
        Item item_2 = new Item();
        item_2.setName("蘋果手機");
        item_2.setPrice(5000f);
        item_2.setDetail("iphone6蘋果手機！");
        
        itemList.add(item_1);
        itemList.add(item_2);
        
        //模型和檢視
        //model模型: 模型物件中存放了返回給頁面的資料
        //view檢視: 檢視物件中指定了返回的頁面的位置
        ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
        //將返回給頁面的資料放入模型和檢視物件中
        modelAndView.addObject("itemList", itemList);
        //指定返回的頁面位置
        modelAndView.setViewName("/WEB-INF/jsp/itemList.jsp");
        return modelAndView;
    }
    
}

• 訪問地址測試：http://localhost:8080/springmvc01/list.action

配置JSP檢視解析器

• 在SpringMvc.xml中新增

        <!-- InternalResourceViewResolver：支援JSP檢視解析 -->
        <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
            <!-- JstlView表示JSP模板頁面需要使用JSTL標籤庫，所以classpath中必須包含jstl的相關jar 包。
            此屬性可以不設定，預設為JstlView。 -->
            <!-- spring-webmvc-4.1.3.RELEASE.jar -->
            <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>
            <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
            <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
        </bean>

• ItemController中setViewName改變

//modelAndView.setViewName("/WEB-INF/jsp/itemList.jsp");
modelAndView.setViewName("itemList");

• 訪問地址測試：http://localhost:8080/springmvc01/list.action

同時支援json和xml

• 新增spring-oxm-4.1.3.RELEASE.jar的jar包
• SpringMvc.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
    xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo" 
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd
        http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo 
        http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd">
        
        <!-- 配置@Controller註解掃描 -->
        <context:component-scan base-package="cn.huachao.controller" />
        <context:annotation-config />
        
        <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.ContentNegotiatingViewResolver">
            <property name="order" value="1" />
            <!-- <property name="defaultContentType" value="text/html"/> -->
            <!-- 是否啟用引數支援 ，預設是true-->
            <!-- <property name="favorPathExtension" value="true"/> -->
            
            <!-- 是否啟用引數支援 ，預設是true -->
            <property name="favorParameter" value="false"/>
            <!-- 是否忽略掉accept header ，預設是false -->
            <property name="ignoreAcceptHeader" value="true"/>
            
            <property name="mediaTypes">
                <map>
                    <entry key="json" value="application/json"/>
                    <entry key="xml" value="application/xml"/>
                </map>
            </property>
            
            <property name="defaultViews">
                <list>
                    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.json.MappingJackson2JsonView"></bean>
                    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.xml.MarshallingView">
                        <constructor-arg>
                            <bean class="org.springframework.oxm.jaxb.Jaxb2Marshaller">
                                 <property name="classesToBeBound">
                                    <list>
                                       <value>cn.huachao.domain.User</value>
                                       <!-- <value>cn.huachao.domain.Item</value> -->
                                    </list>
                                 </property>
                            </bean>
                        </constructor-arg>
                    </bean>
                </list>
            </property>
        </bean>
        
        <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
            <property name="order" value="2" />
            <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
            <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
            <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView" />
        </bean>
        
</beans>

• User例項

package cn.huachao.domain;
import java.util.Date;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlRootElement;
@XmlRootElement
public class User {
   
    private long userID;
    private String userName;
    private Date birth;
 
    public String getUserName() {
       return userName;
    }
    public void setUserName(String userName) {
       this.userName = userName;
    }
    public Date getBirth() {
       return birth;
    }
    public void setBirth(Date birth) {
       this.birth = birth;
    }
    public long getUserID() {
       return userID;
    }
    public void setUserID(long userID) {
       this.userID = userID;
    }
}

• Controller

    @RequestMapping(value="/user/{userid}" , method={RequestMethod.GET})
    public String queryUser(@PathVariable("userid")long userID , ModelMap model){
        User u = new User();
        u.setUserID(userID);
        u.setUserName("zhaoyang");
        model.addAttribute("User", u);
        //mv.setViewName("itemList");
        return "User";
    }

• /WEB-INF/jsp/User.jsp

<body>
    UserName: ${requestScope.User.userID } <br />
    Age: ${requestScope.User.userName }
</body>

• 測試
• http://localhost:8080/springmvc01/user/100.json
  
  

  json
• http://localhost:8080/springmvc01/user/100.xml
  
  

  xml
• http://localhost:8080/springmvc01/user/100
  
  

  jsp

SpringMVC架構

參考：
SpringMVC原理教程和搭建例項

下一篇

02-SpringMVC