LEMP環境搭建及配置（三）安裝MySQL5.6
這裡介紹一下為什麼會用資料庫，主要做什麼用
一、解除安裝Mariadb
從 CentOS 7 系統開始，MariaDB 成為 yum 源中預設的資料庫安裝包。在 CentOS 7 及以上的系統中使用 yum 安裝 MySQL 包將無法使用 MySQL。您可以選擇使用完全相容的 MariaDB，或依照本文介紹配置來繼續使用 MySQL。
檢視安裝了mariadb相關的模組
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.44-2.el7.centos.x86_64
然後進行解除安裝
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -e mariadb-libs-5.5.44-2.el7.centos.x86_64
error: Failed dependencies:
libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit) is needed by (installed) postfix-2:2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64
libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit) is needed by (installed) postfix-2:2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64
會提示有依賴於這的安裝包，那麼就強制解除安裝，不查檢依賴：
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.44-2.el7.centos.x86_64
將所有的mariadb安裝包都刪除，然後再次鍵入 rpm -qa | grep mariadb 檢視是否解除安裝成功
二、解除安裝MySQL
為了防止重灌，建議先解除安裝，可以操作以下命令
檢視yum是否安裝過mysql
yum list installed mysql*
檢視mysql安裝了哪些東西
rpm -qa | grep -i mysql
開始解除安裝，（這裡只列兩條，應該是解除安裝上面查詢出來的結果！！）
yum remove mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64
yum remove mysql-community-client-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64
檢視是否解除安裝完成
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep -i mysql
[root@localhost ~]#
查詢mysql相關目錄
[root@localhost ~]# find / -name mysql
/etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/mysql
刪除mysql相關目錄（後面的地址，替換成查詢返回的地址，有多條，順序執行 rm -rf /*/*/*操作 ）
[root@localhost ~]# rm -rf /etc/selinux/targeted/active/modules/100/mysql
[root@localhost ~]#
刪除/etc/my.cnf
[root@localhost ~]# rm -rf /etc/my.cnf
刪除/var/log/mysqld.log（如果不刪除這個檔案，會導致新安裝的mysql無法生存新密碼，導致無法登入）
[root@localhost ~]# rm -rf /var/log/mysqld.log
三、安裝MySQL
大家都知道，centos自帶的repo是不會自動更新每個軟體的最新版本，所以無法通過yum方式安裝MySQL的高階版本。所以，即使我使勁用yum -y install mysql
mysql-server mysql-devel，也是沒有人會鳥我的。
所以，正確的安裝mysql5姿勢是要先安裝帶有可用的mysql5系列社群版資源的rpm包
-
rpm -Uvh http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm先安裝帶有可用mysql5系列社群版資源的rpm包
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -Uvh http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm
Retrieving http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch.rpm
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:mysql-community-release-el7-5 ################################# [100%]
-
yum repolist enabled | grep "mysql.*-community.*"檢視當前可用的mysql安裝資源
[root@localhost ~]# yum repolist enabled | grep "mysql.*-community.*"
mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community 65
mysql-tools-community/x86_64 MySQL Tools Community 69
mysql56-community/x86_64 MySQL 5.6 Community Server 412
-
yum -y install mysql-community-server使用yum的方式安裝MySQL，一般來說，只要安裝mysql-server和mysql-client
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mysql-community-server
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.6.41-2.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-common(x86-64) = 5.6.41-2.el7 for package: mysql-community-server-5.6.41-2.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-client(x86-64) >= 5.6.10 for package: mysql-community-server-5.6.41-2.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Data::Dumper) for package: mysql-community-server-5.6.41-2.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(DBI) for package: mysql-community-server-5.6.41-2.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.6.41-2.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-libs(x86-64) >= 5.6.10 for package: mysql-community-client-5.6.41-2.el7.x86_64
---> Package mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.6.41-2.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-DBI.x86_64 0:1.627-4.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: perl(RPC::PlServer) >= 0.2001 for package: perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(RPC::PlClient) >= 0.2000 for package: perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64
---> Package perl-Data-Dumper.x86_64 0:2.145-3.el7 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.6.41-2.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-PlRPC.noarch 0:0.2020-14.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Net::Daemon) >= 0.13 for package: perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Net::Daemon::Test) for package: perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Net::Daemon::Log) for package: perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Compress::Zlib) for package: perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch
--> Running transaction check
---> Package perl-IO-Compress.noarch 0:2.061-2.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Compress::Raw::Zlib) >= 2.061 for package: perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Compress::Raw::Bzip2) >= 2.061 for package: perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch
---> Package perl-Net-Daemon.noarch 0:0.48-5.el7 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2.x86_64 0:2.061-3.el7 will be installed
---> Package perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib.x86_64 1:2.061-4.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
========================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
========================================================================================================================
Installing:
mysql-community-server x86_64 5.6.41-2.el7 mysql56-community 59 M
Installing for dependencies:
mysql-community-client x86_64 5.6.41-2.el7 mysql56-community 19 M
mysql-community-common x86_64 5.6.41-2.el7 mysql56-community 257 k
mysql-community-libs x86_64 5.6.41-2.el7 mysql56-community 2.0 M
perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2 x86_64 2.061-3.el7 base 32 k
perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib x86_64 1:2.061-4.el7 base 57 k
perl-DBI x86_64 1.627-4.el7 base 802 k
perl-Data-Dumper x86_64 2.145-3.el7 base 47 k
perl-IO-Compress noarch 2.061-2.el7 base 260 k
perl-Net-Daemon noarch 0.48-5.el7 base 51 k
perl-PlRPC noarch 0.2020-14.el7 base 36 k
Transaction Summary
========================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package (+10 Dependent packages)
Total download size: 82 M
Installed size: 354 M
Downloading packages:
warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql56-community/packages/mysql-community-common-5.6.41-2.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Public key for mysql-community-common-5.6.41-2.el7.x86_64.rpm is not installed
(1/11): mysql-community-common-5.6.41-2.el7.x86_64.rpm | 257 kB 00:00:00
(2/11): mysql-community-libs-5.6.41-2.el7.x86_64.rpm | 2.0 MB 00:00:00
(3/11): perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2-2.061-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 32 kB 00:00:00
(4/11): perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib-2.061-4.el7.x86_64.rpm | 57 kB 00:00:00
(5/11): perl-Data-Dumper-2.145-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 47 kB 00:00:00
(6/11): perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch.rpm | 260 kB 00:00:00
(7/11): perl-Net-Daemon-0.48-5.el7.noarch.rpm | 51 kB 00:00:00
(8/11): perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch.rpm | 36 kB 00:00:00
(9/11): perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64.rpm | 802 kB 00:00:00
(10/11): mysql-community-client-5.6.41-2.el7.x86_64.rpm | 19 MB 00:00:01
(11/11): mysql-community-server-5.6.41-2.el7.x86_64.rpm | 59 MB 00:00:03
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 17 MB/s | 82 MB 00:00:04
Retrieving key from file:/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
Importing GPG key 0x5072E1F5:
Userid : "MySQL Release Engineering <mysql-build@oss.oracle.com>"
Fingerprint: a4a9 4068 76fc bd3c 4567 70c8 8c71 8d3b 5072 e1f5
Package : mysql-community-release-el7-5.noarch (installed)
From : file:/etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum.
** Found 2 pre-existing rpmdb problem(s), 'yum check' output follows:
2:postfix-2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64 has missing requires of libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit)
2:postfix-2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64 has missing requires of libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit)
Installing : mysql-community-common-5.6.41-2.el7.x86_64 1/11
Installing : perl-Data-Dumper-2.145-3.el7.x86_64 2/11
Installing : mysql-community-libs-5.6.41-2.el7.x86_64 3/11
Installing : mysql-community-client-5.6.41-2.el7.x86_64 4/11
Installing : perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2-2.061-3.el7.x86_64 5/11
Installing : perl-Net-Daemon-0.48-5.el7.noarch 6/11
Installing : 1:perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib-2.061-4.el7.x86_64 7/11
Installing : perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch 8/11
Installing : perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch 9/11
Installing : perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64 10/11
Installing : mysql-community-server-5.6.41-2.el7.x86_64 11/11
Verifying : mysql-community-server-5.6.41-2.el7.x86_64 1/11
Verifying : mysql-community-client-5.6.41-2.el7.x86_64 2/11
Verifying : mysql-community-libs-5.6.41-2.el7.x86_64 3/11
Verifying : perl-Data-Dumper-2.145-3.el7.x86_64 4/11
Verifying : mysql-community-common-5.6.41-2.el7.x86_64 5/11
Verifying : perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch 6/11
Verifying : 1:perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib-2.061-4.el7.x86_64 7/11
Verifying : perl-Net-Daemon-0.48-5.el7.noarch 8/11
Verifying : perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64 9/11
Verifying : perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2-2.061-3.el7.x86_64 10/11
Verifying : perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch 11/11
Installed:
mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.6.41-2.el7
Dependency Installed:
mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.6.41-2.el7 mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.6.41-2.el7
mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.6.41-2.el7 perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2.x86_64 0:2.061-3.el7
perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib.x86_64 1:2.061-4.el7 perl-DBI.x86_64 0:1.627-4.el7
perl-Data-Dumper.x86_64 0:2.145-3.el7 perl-IO-Compress.noarch 0:2.061-2.el7
perl-Net-Daemon.noarch 0:0.48-5.el7 perl-PlRPC.noarch 0:0.2020-14.el7
Complete!
-
yum list installed mysql*檢視是否安裝mysql，檢查是否安裝完成
root@localhost ~]# yum list installed mysql*
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Installed Packages
mysql-community-client.x86_64 5.6.41-2.el7 @mysql56-communitymysql-community-common.x86_64 5.6.41-2.el7 @mysql56-communitymysql-community-libs.x86_64 5.6.41-2.el7 @mysql56-communitymysql-community-release.noarch el7-5 installed
-
systemctl enable mysqld加入開機啟動
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable mysqld
-
systemctl start mysqld啟動mysql服務程式
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mysqld
-
systemctl list-unit-files驗證是否加入開機啟動列表中
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl list-unit-files
...
...
mysql.service enabled
mysqld.service enabled
...
-
ps -ef | grep mysql檢視mysql安裝路徑
[root@localhost ~]# ps -ef | grep mysql
mysql 24362 1 0 11:33 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --basedir=/usr
mysql 24529 24362 0 11:33 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin --log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
root 24576 23955 0 11:50 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql
查詢檔案執行所在地址，直接用下面的命令
[root@localhost ~]# which mysql
/usr/bin/mysql
-
mysql_secure_installation重置密碼
[root@localhost ~]# mysql_secure_installation [設定root密碼]
NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MySQL
SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!
In order to log into MySQL to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user. If you've just installed MySQL, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.
Enter current password for root (enter for none):
OK, successfully used password, moving on...
Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MySQL
root user without the proper authorisation.
Set root password? [Y/n] y [是否設定root密碼]
New password:
Re-enter new password:
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..
... Success!
By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MySQL without having to have a user account created for
them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y [刪除匿名使用者]
... Success!
Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] n [禁止root遠端登入]
... skipping.
By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y [刪除test資料庫]
- Dropping test database...
ERROR 1008 (HY000) at line 1: Can't drop database 'test'; database doesn't exist
... Failed! Not critical, keep moving...
- Removing privileges on test database...
... Success!
Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y [重新整理許可權]
... Success!
All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MySQL
installation should now be secure.
Thanks for using MySQL!
Cleaning up...
-
mysql -V檢視mysql安裝版本號
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -V
mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.6.41, for Linux (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper
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