【Android進階】RecyclerView之ItemDecoration(一)

歡子發表於2019-03-07

前言

RecyclerView 對大家來說,基本使用應該已經比較熟悉,這裡就直接跳過,說說ItemDecoration,也算是溫故而知新。

什麼是ItemDecoration

從字面意思來說,就是裝飾,裝飾RecyclerView 。這個怎麼理解?舉幾個例子就明白了。 比如說,RecyclerView 如果要加間隔線應該如何做? 這裡就要用到ItemDecoration

 DividerItemDecoration mDivider = new DividerItemDecoration(this, DividerItemDecoration.VERTICAL);
 rvDemo.addItemDecoration(mDivider);
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DividerItemDecoration 繼承於ItemDecoration

public class DividerItemDecoration extends ItemDecoration {}
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如何寫出比較炫酷的效果?

這裡就涉及到自定義ItemDecoration

自定義 ItemDecoration,主要涉及到3個方法

  • 1.getItemOffsets
public void getItemOffsets(@NonNull Rect outRect, @NonNull View view, 
@NonNull RecyclerView parent, @NonNull RecyclerView.State state) {}
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其中,outRect為該item在上下左右撐開的距離,預設為 0viewitemparentRecyclerView本身;stateRecyclerView狀態,也可以通過其在各元件之間傳遞引數,這裡暫時涉及不到

舉個例子

<android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:background="#ff0000"
    tools:context=".deco.DecoActivity">

    <android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView
        android:id="@+id/rv_demo"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent" />

</android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout>
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定義一個DemoAdapter,這裡使用的是 BaseRecyclerViewAdapterHelper

public class DemoAdapter extends BaseQuickAdapter<String, BaseViewHolder> {


    public DemoAdapter(@Nullable List<String> data) {
        super(R.layout.item_demo, data);
    }

    @Override
    protected void convert(BaseViewHolder helper, String item) {
        helper.setText(R.id.tv_demo, item);
    }
}
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然後組裝資料,新增ItemDecoration

         List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();

        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            list.add("第" + i + "個item");
        }

        DemoAdapter demoAdapter = new DemoAdapter(list);
        rvDemo.setLayoutManager(new LinearLayoutManager(this));
        rvDemo.addItemDecoration(new DemoDecoration());
        rvDemo.setAdapter(demoAdapter);
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DemoDecoration#getItemOffsets

          @Override
        public void getItemOffsets(@NonNull Rect outRect, @NonNull View view, @NonNull RecyclerView parent, @NonNull RecyclerView.State state) {
            super.getItemOffsets(outRect, view, parent, state);
            //outRect就是表示在item的上下左右所撐開的距離,預設值為0
            outRect.set(10, 20, 30, 40);
      }
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image.png

可以看到,每個item都會執行getItemOffsets方法,所以,我們可以用這個,為RecyclerView新增間隔線。 比如設定bottom為1,這裡就不演示了,有興趣的同學可以自己試試。

  • 2.onDraw
 public void onDraw(@NonNull Canvas c, @NonNull RecyclerView
                parent, @NonNull RecyclerView.State state) {}
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其中,cgetItemOffsets所撐開區域的畫布,可以在區域內任意繪圖,區域外的話,會被item所遮擋。

舉個例子,

        @Override
        public void onDraw(@NonNull Canvas c, @NonNull RecyclerView
                parent, @NonNull RecyclerView.State state) {
            super.onDraw(c, parent, state);
            //getItemOffsets撐開的空白區域所對應的畫布,可以在getItemOffsets所撐出來的區域任意繪圖。

          c.drawCircle(50, 50, 30, mPaint);
      }

       @Override
        public void getItemOffsets(@NonNull Rect outRect, @NonNull View view, @NonNull RecyclerView parent, @NonNull RecyclerView.State state) {
            super.getItemOffsets(outRect, view, parent, state);
            //outRect就是表示在item的上下左右所撐開的距離,預設值為0
          outRect.set(100, 0, 0, 5);
}
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效果圖如下

image.png

可以看到,onDraw方法只會執行一次,如果要每個item 前都繪製一個圓,怎麼寫?

         @Override
        public void getItemOffsets(@NonNull Rect outRect, @NonNull View view, @NonNull RecyclerView parent, @NonNull RecyclerView.State state) {
             int itemCount = parent.getChildCount();

            for (int i = 0; i < itemCount; i++) {
                    View child = parent.getChildAt(i);
                    int cx = child.getWidth() / 2;
                    int cy = child.getTop() + child.getHeight() / 2;
                    c.drawCircle(cx, cy, 30, mPaint);
                }
            }
}
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效果圖如下

image.png

結合這2個方法,我們是不是可以做個分組效果?先看效果圖

image.png


 public DemoDecoration() {
            mPaint = new Paint();
            mPaint.setColor(Color.GREEN);
            mPaint.setTextSize(DensityUtils.dp2px(DecoActivity.this, 16));
        }
  @Override
        public void getItemOffsets(@NonNull Rect outRect, @NonNull View view, @NonNull RecyclerView parent, @NonNull RecyclerView.State state) {
            super.getItemOffsets(outRect, view, parent, state);
            //outRect就是表示在item的上下左右所撐開的距離,預設值為0

            int index = parent.getChildAdapterPosition(view);
            if (index % 3 == 0) {
                outRect.set(0, 100, 0, 5);
            } else {
                outRect.set(0, 0, 0, 5);
            }
        }
        @Override
        public void onDraw(@NonNull Canvas c, @NonNull RecyclerView
                parent, @NonNull RecyclerView.State state) {
            super.onDraw(c, parent, state);
            //getItemOffsets撐開的空白區域所對應的畫布,可以在getItemOffsets所撐出來的區域任意繪圖。
            int itemCount = parent.getChildCount();
            for (int i = 0; i < itemCount; i++) {
                View child = parent.getChildAt(i);
                int cx = child.getWidth() / 2 - 50;
                int cy = child.getTop() - 50 + DensityUtils.dp2px(DecoActivity.this, 16) / 2;
                int index = parent.getChildAdapterPosition(child);
                if (index % 3 == 0) {
                    String text = "第" + index / 3 + "組";
                    c.drawText(text, 0, text.length(), cx, cy, mPaint);
                }
            }

        }
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當然,分組的標題位置算的不太準備,這裡只是展示下效果。比較理想的效果,可以參考【Android檢視效果】分組列表實現吸頂效果

  • 3.onDrawOver
public void onDrawOver(@NonNull Canvas c, @NonNull RecyclerView parent, @NonNull RecyclerView.State state) {}
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onDrawOveronDraw類似,也只會執行一次,並且它是最後繪製的,可以繪製到item上面。

     @Override
        public void onDrawOver(@NonNull Canvas c, @NonNull RecyclerView parent, @NonNull RecyclerView.State state) {
            super.onDrawOver(c, parent, state);

            int itemCount = parent.getChildCount();
            for (int i = 0; i < itemCount; i++) {
                View child = parent.getChildAt(i);
                int cx = child.getWidth() / 2;
                int cy = child.getTop() + child.getHeight()/2 ;
                c.drawCircle(cx, cy, 30, mPaint);
            }

        }
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效果圖如下

image.png

這個方法又可以做什麼效果呢?先看效果圖

image.png

可以看到,列表的最上邊有一個漸隱效果。 完整程式碼如下

public class TransDecoration extends RecyclerView.ItemDecoration {
    private Paint mPaint;
    private Xfermode xfermode;
    private LinearGradient linearGradient;
    private int layerId;

    public TransDecoration() {
        mPaint = new Paint();
        xfermode = new PorterDuffXfermode(PorterDuff.Mode.DST_IN);
        linearGradient = new LinearGradient(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 100.0f, new int[]{0, Color.BLACK}, null, Shader.TileMode.CLAMP);
    }

    @Override
    public void onDraw(@NonNull Canvas c, @NonNull RecyclerView parent, @NonNull RecyclerView.State state) {
        super.onDraw(c, parent, state);
        // 此處 Paint的引數這裡傳的null, 在傳入 mPaint 時會出現第一次開啟黑屏閃現的問題
        // 注意 saveLayer 不能省也不能移動到onDrawOver方法裡
        layerId = c.saveLayer(0.0f, 0.0f, (float) parent.getWidth(), (float) parent.getHeight(), null, Canvas.ALL_SAVE_FLAG);
    }

    @Override
    public void getItemOffsets(@NonNull Rect outRect, @NonNull View view, @NonNull RecyclerView parent, @NonNull RecyclerView.State state) {
        super.getItemOffsets(outRect, view, parent, state);
    }

    @Override
    public void onDrawOver(@NonNull Canvas canvas, @NonNull RecyclerView parent, @NonNull RecyclerView.State state) {
        super.onDrawOver(canvas, parent, state);
        mPaint.setXfermode(xfermode);
        mPaint.setShader(linearGradient);
        canvas.drawRect(0.0f, 0.0f, parent.getRight(), 200.0f, mPaint);
        mPaint.setXfermode(null);
        canvas.restoreToCount(layerId);
    }
}
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其中,PorterDuffXfermode為影象的混合模式,詳情可參考各個擊破搞明白PorterDuff.Mode LinearGradient為漸變效果,詳情可參考自定義控制元件三部曲之繪圖篇(十九)——LinearGradient與閃動文字效果

完整原始碼 PicRvDemo

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