實驗四

王勇智發表於2024-11-19

實驗任務二：

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
#include <numeric>
#include <iomanip>

using std::vector;
using std::string;
using std::cin;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;

class GradeCalc: public vector<int> {
public:
    GradeCalc(const string &cname, int size);      
    void input();                             // 錄入成績
    void output() const;                      // 輸出成績
    void sort(bool ascending = false);        // 排序 (預設降序)
    int min() const;                          // 返回最低分
    int max() const;                          // 返回最高分
    float average() const;                    // 返回平均分
    void info();                              // 輸出課程成績資訊 

private:
    void compute();     // 成績統計

private:
    string course_name;     // 課程名
    int n;                  // 課程人數
    vector<int> counts = vector<int>(5, 0);      // 儲存各分數段人數（[0, 60), [60, 70), [70, 80), [80, 90), [90, 100]
    vector<double> rates = vector<double>(5, 0); // 儲存各分數段比例 
};

GradeCalc::GradeCalc(const string &cname, int size): course_name{cname}, n{size} {}   

void GradeCalc::input() {
    int grade;

    for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        cin >> grade;
        this->push_back(grade);
    } 
}  

void GradeCalc::output() const {
    for(auto ptr = this->begin(); ptr != this->end(); ++ptr)
        cout << *ptr << " ";
    cout << endl;
} 

void GradeCalc::sort(bool ascending) {
    if(ascending)
        std::sort(this->begin(), this->end());
    else
        std::sort(this->begin(), this->end(), std::greater<int>());
}  

int GradeCalc::min() const {
    return *std::min_element(this->begin(), this->end());
}  

int GradeCalc::max() const {
    return *std::max_element(this->begin(), this->end());
}    

float GradeCalc::average() const {
    return std::accumulate(this->begin(), this->end(), 0) * 1.0 / n;
}   

void GradeCalc::compute() {
    for(int grade: *this) {
        if(grade < 60)
            counts.at(0)++;
        else if(grade >= 60 && grade < 70)
            counts.at(1)++;
        else if(grade >= 70 && grade < 80)
            counts.at(2)++;
        else if(grade >= 80 && grade < 90)
            counts.at(3)++;
        else if(grade >= 90)
            counts.at(4)++;
    }

    for(int i = 0; i < rates.size(); ++i)
        rates.at(i) = counts.at(i) * 1.0 / n;
}

void GradeCalc::info()  {
    cout << "課程名稱:\t" << course_name << endl;
    cout << "排序後成績: \t";
    sort();  output();
    cout << "最高分:\t" << max() << endl;
    cout << "最低分:\t" << min() << endl;
    cout << "平均分:\t" << std::fixed << std::setprecision(2) << average() << endl;
    
    compute();  // 統計各分數段人數、比例

    vector<string> tmp{"[0, 60)  ", "[60, 70)", "[70, 80)","[80, 90)", "[90, 100]"};
    for(int i = tmp.size()-1; i >= 0; --i)
        cout << tmp[i] << "\t: " << counts[i] << "人\t" 
             << std::fixed << std::setprecision(2) << rates[i]*100 << "%" << endl; 
}

#include "GradeCalc.hpp"
#include <iomanip>

void test() {
    int n;
    cout << "輸入班級人數: ";
    cin >> n;

    GradeCalc c1("OOP", n);

    cout << "錄入成績: " << endl;;
    c1.input();
    cout << "輸出成績: " << endl;
    c1.output();

    cout << string(20, '*') + "課程成績資訊"  + string(20, '*') << endl;
    c1.info();
}

int main() {
    test();
}

問題一：成績儲存在vector類中；透過vector中的介面來訪問；vector的push_back()介面

問題二：求平均數，1.0是將資料轉換成double型別，防止整數除法時丟失資料

問題三：沒有對輸入成績進行合法性檢查

實驗任務三：

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
#include <numeric>
#include <iomanip>

using std::vector;
using std::string;
using std::cin;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;

class GradeCalc {
public:
    GradeCalc(const string &cname, int size);      
    void input();                             // 錄入成績
    void output() const;                      // 輸出成績
    void sort(bool ascending = false);        // 排序 (預設降序)
    int min() const;                          // 返回最低分
    int max() const;                          // 返回最高分
    float average() const;                    // 返回平均分
    void info();                              // 輸出課程成績資訊 

private:
    void compute();     // 成績統計

private:
    string course_name;     // 課程名
    int n;                  // 課程人數
    vector<int> grades;     // 課程成績
    vector<int> counts = vector<int>(5, 0);      // 儲存各分數段人數（[0, 60), [60, 70), [70, 80), [80, 90), [90, 100]
    vector<double> rates = vector<double>(5, 0); // 儲存各分數段比例 
};

GradeCalc::GradeCalc(const string &cname, int size): course_name{cname}, n{size} {}   

void GradeCalc::input() {
    int grade;

    for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        cin >> grade;
        grades.push_back(grade);
    } 
}  

void GradeCalc::output() const {
    for(int grade: grades)
        cout << grade << " ";
    cout << endl;
} 

void GradeCalc::sort(bool ascending) {
    if(ascending)
        std::sort(grades.begin(), grades.end());
    else
        std::sort(grades.begin(), grades.end(), std::greater<int>());
        
}  

int GradeCalc::min() const {
    return *std::min_element(grades.begin(), grades.end());
}  

int GradeCalc::max() const {
    return *std::max_element(grades.begin(), grades.end());
}    

float GradeCalc::average() const {
    return std::accumulate(grades.begin(), grades.end(), 0) * 1.0 / n;
}   

void GradeCalc::compute() {
    for(int grade: grades) {
        if(grade < 60)
            counts.at(0)++;
        else if(grade >= 60 && grade < 70)
            counts.at(1)++;
        else if(grade >= 70 && grade < 80)
            counts.at(2)++;
        else if(grade >= 80 && grade < 90)
            counts.at(3)++;
        else if(grade >= 90)
            counts.at(4)++;
    }

    for(int i = 0; i < rates.size(); ++i)
        rates.at(i) = counts.at(i) *1.0 / n;
}

void GradeCalc::info()  {
    cout << "課程名稱:\t" << course_name << endl;
    cout << "排序後成績: \t";
    sort();  output();
    cout << "最高分:\t" << max() << endl;
    cout << "最低分:\t" << min() << endl;
    cout << "平均分:\t" << std::fixed << std::setprecision(2) << average() << endl;
    
    compute();  // 統計各分數段人數、比例

    vector<string> tmp{"[0, 60)  ", "[60, 70)", "[70, 80)","[80, 90)", "[90, 100]"};
    for(int i = tmp.size()-1; i >= 0; --i)
        cout << tmp[i] << "\t: " << counts[i] << "人\t" 
             << std::fixed << std::setprecision(2) << rates[i]*100 << "%" << endl; 
}

#include "GradeCalc.hpp"
#include <iomanip>

void test() {
    int n;
    cout << "輸入班級人數: ";
    cin >> n;

    GradeCalc c1("OOP", n);

    cout << "錄入成績: " << endl;;
    c1.input();
    cout << "輸出成績: " << endl;
    c1.output();

    cout << string(20, '*') + "課程成績資訊"  + string(20, '*') << endl;
    c1.info();
}

int main() {
    test();
}

問題一：儲存在派生類定義的vector容器中；透過vector介面訪問；

問題二：類可以多種設計，可以繼承，使用基類元素，也可以自行封裝

實驗任務四：

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <limits>

using namespace std;

void test1() {
    string s1, s2;
    cin >> s1 >> s2;  // cin: 從輸入流讀取字串, 碰到空白符(空格/回車/Tab)即結束
    cout << "s1: " << s1 << endl;
    cout << "s2: " << s2 << endl;
}

void test2() {
    string s1, s2;
    getline(cin, s1);  // getline(): 從輸入流中提取字串，直到遇到換行符
    getline(cin, s2);
    cout << "s1: " << s1 << endl;
    cout << "s2: " << s2 << endl;
}

void test3() {
    string s1, s2;
    getline(cin, s1, ' '); //從輸入流中提取字串，直到遇到指定分隔符
    getline(cin, s2);
    cout << "s1: " << s1 << endl;
    cout << "s2: " << s2 << endl;
}

int main() {
    cout << "測試1: 使用標準輸入流物件cin輸入字串" << endl;
    test1();
    cout << endl;

    cin.ignore(numeric_limits<streamsize>::max(), '\n');

    cout << "測試2: 使用函式getline()輸入字串" << endl;
    test2();
    cout << endl;

    cout << "測試3: 使用函式getline()輸入字串, 指定字串分隔符" << endl;
    test3();
}

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <limits>

using namespace std;

void output(const vector<string> &v) {
    for(auto &s: v)
        cout << s << endl;
}

void test() {
    int n;
    while(cout << "Enter n: ", cin >> n) {
        vector<string> v1;

        for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            string s;
            cin >> s;
            v1.push_back(s);
        }

        cout << "output v1: " << endl;
        output(v1); 
        cout << endl;
    }
}

int main() {
    cout << "測試: 使用cin多組輸入字串" << endl;
    test();
}

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <limits>

using namespace std;

void output(const vector<string> &v) {
    for(auto &s: v)
        cout << s << endl;
}

void test() {
    int n;
    while(cout << "Enter n: ", cin >> n) {
        cin.ignore(numeric_limits<streamsize>::max(), '\n');

        vector<string> v2;

        for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            string s;
            getline(cin, s);
            v2.push_back(s);
        }
        cout << "output v2: " << endl;
        output(v2); 
        cout << endl;
    }
}

int main() {
    cout << "測試: 使用函式getline()多組輸入字串" << endl;
    test();
}

問題一：讀取緩衝區中的換行符，使下一次字元可以正常輸入

問題二：多次輸入，並且在輸入n後去掉緩衝區中的換行符，以至於正常輸入

實驗任務五：

#include "C:\Users\29114\source\repos\MAJORCPP\grm.hpp"
#include <iostream>

using std::cout;
using std::endl;

void test1() {
    GameResourceManager<float> HP_manager(99.99);
    cout << "當前生命值: " << HP_manager.get() << endl;
    HP_manager.update(9.99);
    cout << "增加9.99生命值後, 當前生命值: " << HP_manager.get() << endl;
    HP_manager.update(-999.99);
    cout <<"減少999.99生命值後, 當前生命值: " << HP_manager.get() << endl;
}

void test2() {
    GameResourceManager<int> Gold_manager(100);
    cout << "當前金幣數量: " << Gold_manager.get() << endl;
    Gold_manager.update(50);
    cout << "增加50個金幣後, 當前金幣數量: " << Gold_manager.get() << endl;
    Gold_manager.update(-99);
    cout <<"減少99個金幣後, 當前金幣數量: " << Gold_manager.get() << endl;
}


int main() {
    cout << "測試1: 用float型別對類别範本GameResourceManager例項化" << endl;
    test1();
    cout << endl;

    cout << "測試2: 用int型別對類别範本GameResourceManager例項化" << endl;
    test2();
}

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
template<typename T>
class GameResourceManager {
private:
	T resource;
public:
	GameResourceManager(T a);
	T get();
	void update(T a);
};
template<typename T>
GameResourceManager<T>::GameResourceManager(T a) :resource{ a } {}
template<typename T>
T GameResourceManager<T>::get() {
	return resource;
}
template<typename T>
void GameResourceManager<T>::update(T a) {
	resource = resource + a < 0 ? 0 : resource + a;
}

實驗任務6

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include<iomanip>
using namespace std;
class info {
private:
	string nickname;
	string contact;
	string city;
	int n;
public:
	info(string name, string con, string city, int n);
	info() {};
	void display();
};
info::info(string name, string con, string city, int n) :nickname{ name }, contact{ con }, city{ city }, n{ n } {}

void info::display() {
	cout << "---------------------------------------------------" << endl;
	cout << left << setw(15) << "暱稱：" << left << setw(15) <<nickname<< endl;
	cout << left << setw(15) << "聯絡方式：" << left << setw(15) << contact << endl;
	cout << left << setw(15) << "所在城市：" << left << setw(15) << city << endl;
	cout << left << setw(15) << "預定人數：" << left << setw(15) << n << endl;
}

#include<iostream>
#include"c:/Users/29114/source/repos/MAJORCPP/info.hpp"
using namespace std;
#include<iomanip>
#include<vector>
#include<limits>
int main() {
	const int capacity = 100;
	cout << "錄入使用者資訊：" << endl;
	cout << left << setw(15) << "暱稱" << left << setw(20) << "聯絡方式" << left << setw(15) << "所在城市" << left << setw(15) << "預定參加人數" << endl;
	vector<info> audience_list;
	
	string nickname, city, contact;
	int n;
	int now_cap = 0;
	while (true) {
		if (!(cin >> nickname >> contact >> city >> n))
			break;
		
		if (now_cap + n > capacity)
		{
			cout << "對不起，只剩80個位置。" << endl;
			cout << "1.輸入u，更新預約資訊" << endl << "2.輸入q，退出預定" << endl << "你的選擇：" << endl;
			string a;
			cin >> a;
			if (a == "u")
			{
				cout << "請重新輸入預約資訊：" << endl;
				cin >> nickname >> contact >> city >> n;
				audience_list.push_back(info(nickname, contact, city, n));
			}
			else if (a == "q")
				break;
		}
		else {
			now_cap += n;
			audience_list.push_back(info(nickname, contact, city, n));
		}
	}
	cout << "截至目前，一共有" << now_cap << "位聽眾預約。預約聽眾資訊如下:" << endl;
	for (info& i : audience_list)
		i.display();
}

實驗任務七：

#ifndef __DATE_H__
#define __DATE_H__

class Date {
private:
    int year;
    int month;
    int day;
    int totalDays;
public:
    Date(int year, int month, int day);
    int getYear() const { return year; }
    int getMonth() const { return month; }
    int getDay() const { return day; }
    int getMaxDay() const;
    bool isLeapYear() const {
        return year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0 || year % 400 == 0;
    }
    void show() const;

    int distance(const Date& date) const {
        return totalDays - date.totalDays;
    }
};

#endif //__DATE_H__

#include "date.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;
namespace {
    const int DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[] = { 0,31,59,90,120,151,181,212,243,273,304,334,365 };
}

Date::Date(int year, int month, int day) : year(year), month(month), day(day) {
    if (day <= 0 || day > getMaxDay()) {
        cout << "Invalid date:";
        show();
        cout << endl;
        exit(1);
    }
    int years = year - 1;
    totalDays = years * 365 + years / 4 - years / 100 + years / 400 + DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1] + day;
    if (isLeapYear() && month > 2) totalDays++;
}

int Date::getMaxDay() const {
    if (isLeapYear() && month == 2)
        return 29;
    else
        return DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month] - DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1];
}

void Date::show() const {
    cout << getYear() << "-" << getMonth() << "-" << getDay();
}

#pragma once
#ifndef ACCUMULATOR_H
#define ACCUMULATOR_H

#include "date.h"

class Accumulator {
private:
    Date lastDate;
    double value;
    double sum;

public:
    Accumulator(const Date& date, double value) : lastDate(date), value(value), sum(0) {
    }

    double getSum(const Date& date) const {
        return sum + value * date.distance(lastDate);
    }

    void change(const Date& date, double value) {
        sum = getSum(date);
        lastDate = date;
        this->value = value;
    }

    void reset(const Date& date, double value) {
        lastDate = date;
        this->value = value;
        sum = 0;
    }
};

#endif // ACCUMULATOR_H

#pragma once
#ifndef ACCOUNT_H
#define ACCOUNT_H

#include "date.h"
#include "accumulator.h"
#include <string>

class Account {
private:
    std::string id;
    double balance;
    static double total;

protected:
    Account(const Date& date, const std::string& id);
    void record(const Date& date, double amount, const std::string& desc);
    void error(const std::string& msg) const;

public:
    const std::string& getId() const;
    double getBalance() const;
    static double getTotal();

    void show() const;
};

class SavingsAccount : public Account {
private:
    Accumulator acc;
    double rate;

public:
    SavingsAccount(const Date& date, const std::string& id, double rate);
    double getRate() const;

    void deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const std::string& desc);
    void withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const std::string& desc);
    void settle(const Date& date);
};

class CreditAccount : public Account {
private:
    Accumulator acc;
    double credit;
    double rate;
    double fee;
    double getDebt() const;

public:
    CreditAccount(const Date& date, const std::string& id, double credit, double rate, double fee);
    double getCredit() const;
    double getRate() const;
    double getAvailableCredit() const;

    void deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const std::string& desc);
    void withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const std::string& desc);
    void settle(const Date& date);
    void show() const;
};

#endif // ACCOUNT_H

#include "account.h"
#include <cmath>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

double Account::total = 0;

Account::Account(const Date& date, const string& id) : id(id), balance(0) {
    date.show(); 
    cout << "\t#" << id << " created" << endl;
}

void Account::record(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) {
    amount = floor(amount * 100 + 0.5) / 100; // 四捨五入到兩位小數
    balance += amount;
    total += amount;
    date.show();
    cout << "\t#" << id << "\t" << amount << "\t" << balance << "\t" << desc << endl;
}

void Account::show() const {
    cout << id << "\tBalance:" << balance;
}

void Account::error(const string& msg) const {
    cout << "Error(#" << id << "):" << msg << endl;
}

SavingsAccount::SavingsAccount(const Date& date, const string& id, double rate)
    : Account(date, id), rate(rate), acc(date, 0) {}

void SavingsAccount::deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) {
    record(date, amount, desc);
    acc.change(date, getBalance());
}

void SavingsAccount::withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) {
    if (amount > getBalance()) {
        error("not enough money");
    } else {
        record(date, -amount, desc);
        acc.change(date, getBalance());
    }
}

void SavingsAccount::settle(const Date& date) {
    double interest = acc.getSum(date) * rate / date.distance(Date(date.getYear() - 1, 1, 1));
    if (interest != 0) record(date, interest, "interest");
    acc.reset(date, getBalance());
}

CreditAccount::CreditAccount(const Date& date, const string& id, double credit, double rate, double fee)
    : Account(date, id), credit(credit), rate(rate), fee(fee), acc(date, 0) {}

void CreditAccount::deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) {
    record(date, amount, desc);
    acc.change(date, getDebt());
}

void CreditAccount::withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) {
    if (amount - getBalance() > credit) {
        error("not enough credit");
    } else {
        record(date, -amount, desc);
        acc.change(date, getDebt());
    }
}

void CreditAccount::settle(const Date& date) {
    double interest = acc.getSum(date) * rate;
    if (interest != 0) record(date, interest, "interest");
    if (date.getMonth() == 1)
        record(date, -fee, "annual fee");
    acc.reset(date, getDebt());
}

void CreditAccount::show() const {
    Account::show();
    cout << "\tAvailable credit:" << getAvailableCredit();
}

#include"account.h"
#include<iostream>

using namespace std;

int main() {
    Date date(2008, 11, 1);
    SavingsAccount sa1(date, "S3755217", 0.015);
    SavingsAccount sa2(date, "02342342", 0.015);
    CreditAccount ca(date, "C5392394", 10000, 0.0005, 50);

    sa1.deposit(Date(2008, 11, 5), 5000, "salary");
    ca.withdraw(Date(2008, 11, 15), 2000, "buy a cell");
    sa2.deposit(Date(2008, 11, 25), 10000, "sell stock 0323");

    ca.settle(Date(2008, 12, 1));

    ca.deposit(Date(2008, 12, 1), 2016, "repay the credit");
    sa1.deposit(Date(2008, 12, 5), 5500, "salary");

    sa1.settle(Date(2009, 1, 1));
    sa2.settle(Date(2009, 1, 1));
    ca.settle(Date(2009, 1, 1));

    cout << endl;
    sa1.show(); cout << endl;
    sa2.show(); cout << endl;
    ca.show(); cout << endl;
    cout << "Total:" << Account::getTotal() << endl;

    return 0;
}

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