資料庫大型應用——筆記2 50道mysql練習題

程序计算机人發表於2024-03-13

  復健了一下mysql,練習內容是mysql50題目。(演算法也有在寫啦,前幾天還被數論折磨)

 一.開始前資料庫中的表的各種資訊

   1.1表名與欄位

      –1.學生表
      Student(s_id,s_name,s_birth,s_sex) –學生編號,學生姓名, 出生年月,學生性別
      –2.課程表
      Course(c_id,c_name,t_id) – –課程編號, 課程名稱, 教師編號
      –3.教師表
      Teacher(t_id,t_name) –教師編號,教師姓名
      –4.成績表
      Score(s_id,c_id,s_score) –學生編號,課程編號,分數

   1.2測試資料

--建表
--學生表
CREATE TABLE `Student`(
`s_id` VARCHAR(20),
`s_name` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`s_birth` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`s_sex` VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
PRIMARY KEY(`s_id`)
);
--課程表
CREATE TABLE `Course`(
`c_id` VARCHAR(20),
`c_name` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`t_id` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY(`c_id`)
);
--教師表
CREATE TABLE `Teacher`(
`t_id` VARCHAR(20),
`t_name` VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
PRIMARY KEY(`t_id`)
);
--成績表
CREATE TABLE `Score`(
`s_id` VARCHAR(20),
`c_id` VARCHAR(20),
`s_score` INT(3),
PRIMARY KEY(`s_id`,`c_id`)
);
--插入學生表測試資料
insert into Student values('01' , '趙雷' , '1990-01-01' , '');
insert into Student values('02' , '錢電' , '1990-12-21' , '');
insert into Student values('03' , '孫風' , '1990-05-20' , '');
insert into Student values('04' , '李雲' , '1990-08-06' , '');
insert into Student values('05' , '周梅' , '1991-12-01' , '');
insert into Student values('06' , '吳蘭' , '1992-03-01' , '');
insert into Student values('07' , '鄭竹' , '1989-07-01' , '');
insert into Student values('08' , '王菊' , '1990-01-20' , '');
--課程表測試資料
insert into Course values('01' , '語文' , '02');
insert into Course values('02' , '數學' , '01');
insert into Course values('03' , '英語' , '03');

--教師表測試資料
insert into Teacher values('01' , '張三');
insert into Teacher values('02' , '李四');
insert into Teacher values('03' , '王五');

--成績表測試資料
insert into Score values('01' , '01' , 80);
insert into Score values('01' , '02' , 90);
insert into Score values('01' , '03' , 99);
insert into Score values('02' , '01' , 70);
insert into Score values('02' , '02' , 60);
insert into Score values('02' , '03' , 80);
insert into Score values('03' , '01' , 80);
insert into Score values('03' , '02' , 80);
insert into Score values('03' , '03' , 80);
insert into Score values('04' , '01' , 50);
insert into Score values('04' , '02' , 30);
insert into Score values('04' , '03' , 20);
insert into Score values('05' , '01' , 76);
insert into Score values('05' , '02' , 87);
insert into Score values('06' , '01' , 31);
insert into Score values('06' , '03' , 34);
insert into Score values('07' , '02' , 89);
insert into Score values('07' , '03' , 98);

 二.練習題和sql

ps:這些是我從網上搜尋來的答案,建議直接去作者部落格:Mysql Sql 語句練習題 (50道) - 梅花GG - 部落格園 (cnblogs.com)

-- 1、查詢"01"課程比"02"課程成績高的學生的資訊及課程分數 
select st.*,sc.s_score as '語文' ,sc2.s_score '數學' 
from student st
left join score sc on sc.s_id=st.s_id and sc.c_id='01' 
left join score sc2 on sc2.s_id=st.s_id and sc2.c_id='02'  
where sc.s_score>sc2.s_score

-- 2、查詢"01"課程比"02"課程成績低的學生的資訊及課程分數
select st.*,sc.s_score '語文',sc2.s_score '數學' from student st
left join score sc on sc.s_id=st.s_id and sc.c_id='01'
left join score sc2 on sc2.s_id=st.s_id and sc2.c_id='02'
where sc.s_score<sc2.s_score

-- 3、查詢平均成績大於等於60分的同學的學生編號和學生姓名和平均成績
select st.s_id,st.s_name,ROUND(AVG(sc.s_score),2) cjScore from student st
left join score sc on sc.s_id=st.s_id
group by st.s_id having AVG(sc.s_score)>=60

-- 4、查詢平均成績小於60分的同學的學生編號和學生姓名和平均成績
        -- (包括有成績的和無成績的)
select st.s_id,st.s_name,(case when ROUND(AVG(sc.s_score),2) is null then 0 else ROUND(AVG(sc.s_score)) end ) cjScore from student st
left join score sc on sc.s_id=st.s_id
group by st.s_id having AVG(sc.s_score)<60 or AVG(sc.s_score) is NULL

-- 5、查詢所有同學的學生編號、學生姓名、選課總數、所有課程的總成績
select st.s_id,st.s_name,count(c.c_id),( case when SUM(sc.s_score) is null or sum(sc.s_score)="" then 0 else SUM(sc.s_score) end) from student st
left join score sc on sc.s_id =st.s_id 
left join course c on c.c_id=sc.c_id
group by st.s_id

-- 6、查詢"李"姓老師的數量 
select t.t_name,count(t.t_id) from teacher t
group by t.t_id having t.t_name like "李%"; 

-- 7、查詢學過"張三"老師授課的同學的資訊 
select st.* from student st 
left join score sc on sc.s_id=st.s_id
left join course c on c.c_id=sc.c_id
left join teacher t on t.t_id=c.t_id
 where t.t_name="張三"

-- 8、查詢沒學過"張三"老師授課的同學的資訊 
 -- 張三老師教的課
 select c.* from course c left join teacher t on t.t_id=c.t_id where  t.t_name="張三"
 -- 有張三老師課成績的st.s_id
 select sc.s_id from score sc where sc.c_id in (select c.c_id from course c left join teacher t on t.t_id=c.t_id where  t.t_name="張三")
 -- 不在上面查到的st.s_id的學生資訊,即沒學過張三老師授課的同學資訊
 select st.* from student st where st.s_id not in(
  select sc.s_id from score sc where sc.c_id in (select c.c_id from course c left join teacher t on t.t_id=c.t_id where  t.t_name="張三")
  )

-- 9、查詢學過編號為"01"並且也學過編號為"02"的課程的同學的資訊
select st.* from student st 
inner join score sc on sc.s_id = st.s_id
inner join course c on c.c_id=sc.c_id and c.c_id="01"
where st.s_id in (
select st2.s_id from student st2 
inner join score sc2 on sc2.s_id = st2.s_id
inner join course c2 on c2.c_id=sc2.c_id and c2.c_id="02"
)


網友提供的思路(厲害呦~):
SELECT st.*
FROM student st
INNER JOIN score sc ON sc.`s_id`=st.`s_id`
GROUP BY st.`s_id`
HAVING SUM(IF(sc.`c_id`="01" OR sc.`c_id`="02" ,1,0))>1

-- 10、查詢學過編號為"01"但是沒有學過編號為"02"的課程的同學的資訊
select st.* from student st 
inner join score sc on sc.s_id = st.s_id
inner join course c on c.c_id=sc.c_id and c.c_id="01"
where st.s_id not in (
select st2.s_id from student st2 
inner join score sc2 on sc2.s_id = st2.s_id
inner join course c2 on c2.c_id=sc2.c_id and c2.c_id="02"
)

-- 11、查詢沒有學全所有課程的同學的資訊
 -- 太複雜,下次換一種思路,看有沒有簡單點方法
 -- 此處思路為查學全所有課程的學生id,再內聯取反面
select * from student where s_id not in (
select st.s_id from student st 
inner join score sc on sc.s_id = st.s_id and sc.c_id="01"
where st.s_id  in (
select st2.s_id from student st2 
inner join score sc2 on sc2.s_id = st2.s_id and sc2.c_id="02"
) and st.s_id in (
select st2.s_id from student st2 
inner join score sc2 on sc2.s_id = st2.s_id and sc2.c_id="03"
))
-- 來自一樓網友的思路,左連線,根據學生id分組過濾掉 數量小於 課程表中總課程數量的結果(show me his code),簡潔不少。
select st.* from Student st
left join Score S
on st.s_id = S.s_id
group by st.s_id
having count(c_id)<(select count(c_id) from Course)





-- 12、查詢至少有一門課與學號為"01"的同學所學相同的同學的資訊
select distinct st.* from student st 
left join score sc on sc.s_id=st.s_id
where sc.c_id in (
select sc2.c_id from student st2
left join score sc2 on sc2.s_id=st2.s_id
where st2.s_id ='01'
)

-- 13、查詢和"01"號的同學學習的課程完全相同的其他同學的資訊
select  st.* from student st 
left join score sc on sc.s_id=st.s_id
group by st.s_id
having group_concat(sc.c_id) = 
(
select  group_concat(sc2.c_id) from student st2
left join score sc2 on sc2.s_id=st2.s_id
where st2.s_id ='01'
)

-- 14、查詢沒學過"張三"老師講授的任一門課程的學生姓名
select st.s_name from student st 
where st.s_id not in (
select sc.s_id from score sc 
inner join course c on c.c_id=sc.c_id
inner join teacher t on t.t_id=c.t_id and t.t_name="張三"
)

-- 15、查詢兩門及其以上不及格課程的同學的學號,姓名及其平均成績
select st.s_id,st.s_name,avg(sc.s_score) from student st
left join score sc on sc.s_id=st.s_id
where sc.s_id in (
select sc.s_id from score sc 
where sc.s_score<60 or sc.s_score is NULL
group by sc.s_id having COUNT(sc.s_id)>=2
)
group by st.s_id

-- 16、檢索"01"課程分數小於60,按分數降序排列的學生資訊
select st.*,sc.s_score from student st 
inner join score sc on sc.s_id=st.s_id and sc.c_id="01" and sc.s_score<60
order by sc.s_score desc

-- 17、按平均成績從高到低顯示所有學生的所有課程的成績以及平均成績
 -- 可加round,case when then else end 使顯示更完美
select st.s_id,st.s_name,avg(sc4.s_score) "平均分",sc.s_score "語文",sc2.s_score "數學",sc3.s_score "英語" from student st
left join score sc  on sc.s_id=st.s_id  and sc.c_id="01"
left join score sc2 on sc2.s_id=st.s_id and sc2.c_id="02"
left join score sc3 on sc3.s_id=st.s_id and sc3.c_id="03"
left join score sc4 on sc4.s_id=st.s_id
group by st.s_id 
order by SUM(sc4.s_score) desc

-- 18.查詢各科成績最高分、最低分和平均分:以如下形式顯示:課程ID,課程name,最高分,最低分,平均分,及格率,中等率,優良率,優秀率
-- 及格為>=60,中等為:70-80,優良為:80-90,優秀為:>=90
select c.c_id,c.c_name,max(sc.s_score) "最高分",MIN(sc2.s_score) "最低分",avg(sc3.s_score) "平均分" 
,((select count(s_id) from score where s_score>=60 and c_id=c.c_id )/(select count(s_id) from score where c_id=c.c_id)) "及格率"
,((select count(s_id) from score where s_score>=70 and s_score<80 and c_id=c.c_id )/(select count(s_id) from score where c_id=c.c_id)) "中等率"
,((select count(s_id) from score where s_score>=80 and s_score<90 and c_id=c.c_id )/(select count(s_id) from score where c_id=c.c_id)) "優良率"
,((select count(s_id) from score where s_score>=90 and c_id=c.c_id )/(select count(s_id) from score where c_id=c.c_id)) "優秀率"
from course c
left join score sc on sc.c_id=c.c_id 
left join score sc2 on sc2.c_id=c.c_id 
left join score sc3 on sc3.c_id=c.c_id 
group by c.c_id

-- 19、按各科成績進行排序,並顯示排名(實現不完全)
-- mysql沒有rank函式
-- 加@score是為了防止用union all 後打亂了順序
select c1.s_id,c1.c_id,c1.c_name,@score:=c1.s_score,@i:=@i+1 from (select c.c_name,sc.* from course c 
left join score sc on sc.c_id=c.c_id
where c.c_id="01" order by sc.s_score desc) c1 ,
(select @i:=0) a
union all 
select c2.s_id,c2.c_id,c2.c_name,c2.s_score,@ii:=@ii+1 from (select c.c_name,sc.* from course c 
left join score sc on sc.c_id=c.c_id
where c.c_id="02" order by sc.s_score desc) c2 ,
(select @ii:=0) aa 
union all
select c3.s_id,c3.c_id,c3.c_name,c3.s_score,@iii:=@iii+1 from (select c.c_name,sc.* from course c 
left join score sc on sc.c_id=c.c_id
where c.c_id="03" order by sc.s_score desc) c3;
set @iii=0;


-- 20、查詢學生的總成績並進行排名
select st.s_id,st.s_name
,(case when sum(sc.s_score) is null then 0 else sum(sc.s_score) end)
 from student st
left join score sc on sc.s_id=st.s_id
group by st.s_id order by sum(sc.s_score) desc

-- 21、查詢不同老師所教不同課程平均分從高到低顯示 
select t.t_id,t.t_name,c.c_name,avg(sc.s_score) from teacher t 
left join course c on c.t_id=t.t_id 
left join score sc on sc.c_id =c.c_id
group by t.t_id
order by avg(sc.s_score) desc

-- 22、查詢所有課程的成績第2名到第3名的學生資訊及該課程成績
select a.* from (
select st.*,c.c_id,c.c_name,sc.s_score from student st
left join score sc on sc.s_id=st.s_id
inner join course c on c.c_id =sc.c_id and c.c_id="01"
order by sc.s_score desc LIMIT 1,2 ) a
union all
select b.* from (
select st.*,c.c_id,c.c_name,sc.s_score from student st
left join score sc on sc.s_id=st.s_id
inner join course c on c.c_id =sc.c_id and c.c_id="02"
order by sc.s_score desc LIMIT 1,2) b
union all
select c.* from (
select st.*,c.c_id,c.c_name,sc.s_score from student st
left join score sc on sc.s_id=st.s_id
inner join course c on c.c_id =sc.c_id and c.c_id="03"
order by sc.s_score desc LIMIT 1,2) c

-- 23、統計各科成績各分數段人數:課程編號,課程名稱,[100-85],[85-70],[70-60],[0-60]及所佔百分比
select c.c_id,c.c_name 
,((select count(1) from score sc where sc.c_id=c.c_id and sc.s_score<=100 and sc.s_score>80)/(select count(1) from score sc where sc.c_id=c.c_id )) "100-85"
,((select count(1) from score sc where sc.c_id=c.c_id and sc.s_score<=85 and sc.s_score>70)/(select count(1) from score sc where sc.c_id=c.c_id )) "85-70"
,((select count(1) from score sc where sc.c_id=c.c_id and sc.s_score<=70 and sc.s_score>60)/(select count(1) from score sc where sc.c_id=c.c_id )) "70-60"
,((select count(1) from score sc where sc.c_id=c.c_id and sc.s_score<=60 and sc.s_score>=0)/(select count(1) from score sc where sc.c_id=c.c_id )) "60-0"
from course c order by c.c_id

-- 24、查詢學生平均成績及其名次 
set @i=0;
select a.*,@i:=@i+1 from (
select st.s_id,st.s_name,round((case when avg(sc.s_score) is null then 0 else avg(sc.s_score) end),2) "平均分" from student st
left join score sc on sc.s_id=st.s_id
group by st.s_id order by sc.s_score desc) a

-- 25、查詢各科成績前三名的記錄
select a.* from (
 select st.s_id,st.s_name,c.c_id,c.c_name,sc.s_score from student st
 left join score sc on sc.s_id=st.s_id
 inner join course c on c.c_id=sc.c_id and c.c_id='01'
 order by sc.s_score desc LIMIT 0,3) a
union all 
select b.* from (
 select st.s_id,st.s_name,c.c_id,c.c_name,sc.s_score from student st
 left join score sc on sc.s_id=st.s_id
 inner join course c on c.c_id=sc.c_id and c.c_id='02'
 order by sc.s_score desc LIMIT 0,3) b
union all
select c.* from (
 select st.s_id,st.s_name,c.c_id,c.c_name,sc.s_score from student st
 left join score sc on sc.s_id=st.s_id
 inner join course c on c.c_id=sc.c_id and c.c_id='03'
 order by sc.s_score desc LIMIT 0,3) c

-- 26、查詢每門課程被選修的學生數 
select c.c_id,c.c_name,count(1) from course c 
left join score sc on sc.c_id=c.c_id
inner join student st on st.s_id=c.c_id
group by st.s_id

-- 27、查詢出只有兩門課程的全部學生的學號和姓名
select st.s_id,st.s_name from student st 
left join score sc on sc.s_id=st.s_id
inner join course c on c.c_id=sc.c_id 
group by st.s_id having count(1)=2

-- 28、查詢男生、女生人數
select st.s_sex,count(1) from student st group by st.s_sex

-- 29、查詢名字中含有"風"字的學生資訊
select st.* from student st where st.s_name like "%%";

-- 30、查詢同名同性學生名單,並統計同名人數 
select st.*,count(1) from student st group by st.s_name,st.s_sex having count(1)>1

-- 31、查詢1990年出生的學生名單
select st.* from student st where st.s_birth like "1990%";

-- 32、查詢每門課程的平均成績,結果按平均成績降序排列,平均成績相同時,按課程編號升序排列 
select c.c_id,c.c_name,avg(sc.s_score) from course c
inner join score sc on sc.c_id=c.c_id  
group by c.c_id order by avg(sc.s_score) desc,c.c_id asc

-- 33、查詢平均成績大於等於85的所有學生的學號、姓名和平均成績
select st.s_id,st.s_name,avg(sc.s_score) from student st
left join score sc on sc.s_id=st.s_id
group by st.s_id having avg(sc.s_score)>=85

-- 34、查詢課程名稱為"數學",且分數低於60的學生姓名和分數 
select st.s_id,st.s_name,sc.s_score from student st
inner join score sc on sc.s_id=st.s_id and sc.s_score<60
inner join course c on c.c_id=sc.c_id and c.c_name ="數學" 

-- 35、查詢所有學生的課程及分數情況;
select st.s_id,st.s_name,c.c_name,sc.s_score from student st
left join score sc on sc.s_id=st.s_id
left join course c on c.c_id =sc.c_id
order by st.s_id,c.c_name

-- 36、查詢任何一門課程成績在70分以上的姓名、課程名稱和分數
select st2.s_id,st2.s_name,c2.c_name,sc2.s_score from student st2
left join score sc2 on sc2.s_id=st2.s_id
left join course c2 on c2.c_id=sc2.c_id 
where st2.s_id in(
select st.s_id from student st 
left join score sc on sc.s_id=st.s_id 
group by st.s_id having min(sc.s_score)>=70)
order by s_id

-- 37、查詢不及格的課程
select st.s_id,c.c_name,st.s_name,sc.s_score from student st
inner join score sc on sc.s_id=st.s_id and  sc.s_score<60
inner join course c on c.c_id=sc.c_id 

-- 38、查詢課程編號為01且課程成績在80分以上的學生的學號和姓名
select st.s_id,st.s_name,sc.s_score from student st
inner join score sc on sc.s_id=st.s_id and sc.c_id="01" and sc.s_score>=80

-- 39、求每門課程的學生人數
select c.c_id,c.c_name,count(1) from course c
inner join score sc on sc.c_id=c.c_id
group by c.c_id

-- 40、查詢選修"張三"老師所授課程的學生中,成績最高的學生資訊及其成績 
select st.*,c.c_name,sc.s_score,t.t_name from student st
inner join score sc on sc.s_id=st.s_id
inner join course c on c.c_id=sc.c_id 
inner join teacher t on t.t_id=c.t_id and  t.t_name="張三"
order by sc.s_score desc
limit 0,1

-- 41、查詢不同課程成績相同的學生的學生編號、課程編號、學生成績 
select st.s_id,st.s_name,sc.c_id,sc.s_score from student st 
left join score sc on sc.s_id=st.s_id
left join course c on c.c_id=sc.c_id
where (
select count(1) from student st2 
left join score sc2 on sc2.s_id=st2.s_id
left join course c2 on c2.c_id=sc2.c_id
where sc.s_score=sc2.s_score and c.c_id!=c2.c_id 
)>1

-- 42、查詢每門功成績最好的前兩名 
select a.* from (select st.s_id,st.s_name,c.c_name,sc.s_score from student st
left join score sc on sc.s_id=st.s_id
inner join course c on c.c_id=sc.c_id and c.c_id="01"
order by sc.s_score desc limit 0,2) a
union all
select b.* from (select st.s_id,st.s_name,c.c_name,sc.s_score from student st
left join score sc on sc.s_id=st.s_id
inner join course c on c.c_id=sc.c_id and c.c_id="02"
order by sc.s_score desc limit 0,2) b
union all
select c.* from (select st.s_id,st.s_name,c.c_name,sc.s_score from student st
left join score sc on sc.s_id=st.s_id
inner join course c on c.c_id=sc.c_id and c.c_id="03"
order by sc.s_score desc limit 0,2) c
 
-- 借鑑(更準確,漂亮):
 select a.s_id,a.c_id,a.s_score from score a
 where (select COUNT(1) from score b where b.c_id=a.c_id and b.s_score>=a.s_score)<=2 order by a.c_id

-- 43、統計每門課程的學生選修人數(超過5人的課程才統計)。要求輸出課程號和選修人數,查詢結果按人數降序排列,
--     若人數相同,按課程號升序排列  
select sc.c_id,count(1) from score sc
left join course c on c.c_id=sc.c_id
group by c.c_id having count(1)>5
order by count(1) desc,sc.c_id asc

-- 44、檢索至少選修兩門課程的學生學號 
select st.s_id from student st 
left join score sc on sc.s_id=st.s_id
group by st.s_id having count(1)>=2

-- 45、查詢選修了全部課程的學生資訊
select st.* from student st 
left join score sc on sc.s_id=st.s_id
group by st.s_id having count(1)=(select count(1) from course)

-- 46、查詢各學生的年齡
 select st.*,timestampdiff(year,st.s_birth,now()) from student st

-- 47、查詢本週過生日的學生
  -- 此處可能有問題,week函式取的為當前年的第幾周,2017-12-12是第50周而2018-12-12是第49周,可以取月份,day,星期幾(%w),
  -- 再判斷本週是否會持續到下一個月進行判斷,太麻煩,不會寫
select st.* from student st 
where week(now())=week(date_format(st.s_birth,'%Y%m%d'))

-- 48、查詢下週過生日的學生
select st.* from student st 
where week(now())+1=week(date_format(st.s_birth,'%Y%m%d'))

-- 49、查詢本月過生日的學生
select st.* from student st 
where month(now())=month(date_format(st.s_birth,'%Y%m%d'))

-- 50、查詢下月過生日的學生
 -- 注意:當 當前月為12時,用month(now())+1為13而不是1,可用timestampadd()函式或mod取模
select st.* from student st 
where month(timestampadd(month,1,now()))=month(date_format(st.s_birth,'%Y%m%d'))
--
select st.* from student st where (month(now()) + 1) mod 12 = month(date_format(st.s_birth,'%Y%m%d'))

 三.記憶復甦(習題解析)

  3.1(Q1)

    left join是連線,貌似是自然連線(不想翻筆記了)。下面是左連線的語法(右連線類似):

SELECT *
FROM 左表格
LEFT JOIN 右表格 ON 連線條件

    只要看過相關書籍都知道select,from,where都是有一個執行順序的,該順序是from->where->select,每一條語句都是為了建立一個表(可以這麼粗略理解),那麼這道題的答案可以理解成

st表是左邊的表,sc是右邊的表,兩個表的行進行自由組合(還是要注意哪些欄位是哪些表的),我們需要找出來的就是sc_s_id = st.s_id (也就是提供了sc的對同id的其他資訊的補充)的那些行st.c_id = '01'以及然後新建成一個無名錶a1(from和join的成果,join可以理解成是from模組裡面的,所以不要加逗號),然後在該無名錶a1中尋找where條件符合的行再度新建成一個無名錶a2(where),然後再在無名錶a2中尋找select中提到的列新建一個無名錶a3(結果)。

    這是Q1的結果:

                      

  3.3(Q3)

    比較重要的是分組,group by是將新建成的表模擬分組,一般搭配having使用,having是用來篩選符合having條件的組的,注意只是模擬分組,我們的表名還是可以用的,並不是說之後只能用group來代替。比如select語句:select st.s_id,st.s_name,ROUND(AVG(sc.s_score),2) cjScore

這一句中的sc.s_score使用了表名,同時這裡的s_score是某一組的。

    使用分組的前提是想要切割一個表(而不用用到另外的表),注意事項是group by的內容必須是select裡面的內容之一。

ps:ROUND(AVG(sc.s_score),2) cjScore中的cjScore是別名,關鍵字一般是as,但是用的時候在各模組經常省略as,group by可以理解是where模組的(只是我個人理解)

    ROUND(AVG(sc.s_score),2)表示對平均分數進行四捨五入,並保留兩位小數。

    然後結果仍然是表。

  3.4(Q4)

    答案比Q3多了一個語句,case--when--then--end

CASE
    WHEN condition1 THEN result1
    WHEN condition2 THEN result2
    ...
    ELSE default_result
END

    (話說這些東西可以去問gpt的,gpt雖然不太智慧,但是很淵博)

     建議多加別名,否則就會這樣。

      select的內容都是列。

  3.5(Q5)

      也可以這麼做。

select st.s_id , st.s_name ,count(sc.c_id),
(case
when sum(sc.s_score) is null
then 0
else sum(sc.s_score)
end) all_score
from student st
left join score sc on st.s_id = sc.s_id
group by st.s_id;

  3.6(Q6)

    這裡用到的是like關鍵字。LIKE 關鍵字用於模糊匹配,"李%" 表示以“李”開頭的任意字串。having關鍵字什麼的就不講了

  3.7(Q7)

    書寫表的順序推薦是從st到'張三“,這樣子好寫別名。

  3.8(Q8)

    可以使用巢狀select,也可以使用 聯合查詢。

    巢狀select使用的思路是從裡到外,張老師的id,這個id對應的課程id,選課中有這個課程id的學生id,在student表中沒有在求到的學生id範圍中的學生id。

select st.*
from student st
where st.s_id not in(
          select sc.s_id
          from score sc
          where sc.c_id  in(
                  select c.c_id
                  from course c
                  where t_id = (
                          select t_id
                          from teacher te
                          where t_name = '張三'
                  )
          )
);

     聯合查詢:思路是學過老師課程id的學生的表和student表join一下,null的那些就是沒有選老師課程id的學生,建表返回相關學生資訊。   

select st.*
from student st
left join(
          select distinct sc.s_id
          from score sc
          join course c on sc.c_id = c.c_id
          join teacher te on te.t_id = c.t_id
          where te.t_name = '張三'
)learned_st on st.s_id = learned_st.s_id
where learned_st.s_id is null;

    這是聯合查詢的結果:(不同人資料都不太一樣,所以只參考一下自己的表)

                          

    這裡說一下left 和join之間的區別,left join是將from 裡面的表放左邊,如果右邊的錶行數不夠(比如說學過選修課的學生id肯定比學生總數id少),left join會返回左邊表的行數,即使右邊表被填充了null也會返回;而join是全部返回(誰行數大就返回多少行)

    我嘗試性地把st表放在右邊,得到的結果驗證了我的想法。

    

  3.9(Q9)

      inner join是指將匹配的行返回,只會講匹配的行返回,所以不會有null的。我看了一下別人的例子:https://www.cnblogs.com/pcjim/articles/799302.html(先去看這個連結,下面的只是我做筆記用的)

舉例如下:
--------------------------------------------
表A記錄如下:
aID     aNum
1     a20050111
2     a20050112
3     a20050113
4     a20050114
5     a20050115

表B記錄如下:
bID     bName
1     2006032401
2     2006032402
3     2006032403
4     2006032404
8     2006032408

--------------------------------------------
1.left join
sql語句如下:
select * from A
left join B
on A.aID = B.bID

結果如下:
aID     aNum     bID     bName
1     a20050111    1     2006032401
2     a20050112    2     2006032402
3     a20050113    3     2006032403
4     a20050114    4     2006032404
5     a20050115    NULL     NULL

(所影響的行數為 5 行)
--------------------------------------------
2.right join
sql語句如下:
select * from A
right join B
on A.aID = B.bID

結果如下:
aID     aNum     bID     bName
1     a20050111    1     2006032401
2     a20050112    2     2006032402
3     a20050113    3     2006032403
4     a20050114    4     2006032404
NULL     NULL     8     2006032408

(所影響的行數為 5 行)
--------------------------------------------
3.inner join
sql語句如下:
select * from A
innerjoin B
on A.aID = B.bID

結果如下:
aID     aNum     bID     bName
1     a20050111    1     2006032401
2     a20050112    2     2006032402
3     a20050113    3     2006032403
4     a20050114    4     2006032404

    inner join絕對不會出現null,適合多重“學過”題目,如果是left join和right join由於有null,適合單個“學過”題目,

當然也不一定要牢記這個規則,後面學得熟悉了就不是很在意了。

    這道題的思路是先找學過編號01的再去找這之中學過編號02的。

    網友提供的做法中,思路一看就清楚了,所以HAVING SUM(IF(sc.`c_id`="01" OR sc.`c_id`="02" ,1,0))>1。篩選出sum大於1的,據此我們可以知道,if語句是某組一行一行地找,然後having 語句是對應的某組整個情況,所以一般搭配的是sum,avg等。對於這個答案我覺得還是加一個distinct比較好一點。

   

  3.10(Q10)

    我覺得這個答案太繁瑣了。換成了這個。

SELECT st.*
FROM student st
LEFT JOIN score sc1 ON st.s_id = sc1.s_id AND sc1.c_id = '01'
LEFT JOIN score sc2 ON st.s_id = sc2.s_id AND sc2.c_id = '02'
WHERE sc1.c_id = '01' AND sc2.c_id IS NULL;

    

  3.12(Q12)

   特地列出來是因為我在這裡寫錯了一種寫法,目前來說並不知道錯哪裡了。

   現在回想起來,我為什麼要寫group呢(好像是因為重複的st_id有很多行,我下意識就group了)(不是having中c_id中別名的問題,事實上我試了很多次,這只是其中的一次嘗試),gpt給的答案是

在 SQL 查詢中,WHERE 子句用於過濾行,而 HAVING 子句用於過濾組。當使用 LEFT JOIN 連線表時,確實需要注意可能出現的 NULL 值對查詢結果的影響。

WHERE 子句在查詢過程中對行進行過濾,因此,如果 WHERE 子句中涉及到 LEFT JOIN 的列,資料庫會考慮到 NULL 值,並根據條件過濾相應的行。但是,HAVING 子句在查詢的結果已經分組後進行條件過濾,而且通常用於聚合函式結果的篩選,這時對於包含 NULL 值的列的判斷就更為敏感。

在您的情況下,成功的查詢使用了 WHERE 子句,並透過子查詢來過濾了 sc.c_id。由於 WHERE 子句在過濾行時會考慮到 NULL 值,因此您的查詢結果可能符合預期。

總的來說,無論是在 WHERE 子句還是 HAVING 子句中,都需要注意 LEFT JOIN 可能導致的 NULL 值,並根據具體情況進行處理,以確保查詢結果的正確性。

    之後注意一下就行了。

  3.12(Q12)

    GROUP_CONCAT 是一個聚合函式,它用於將組內的多個值連線成一個字串,並返回一個包含所有值的單個字串。 

  3.15(Q15)

   

  3.17&3.18(Q17&Q18)(需要記住)

    一些感悟:join的on不也是將表的一部分分給其他表嗎?確實嗷。給予的是其他表的資訊。如果要求不同的東西卻要

使用同一張原始的表,那麼就建立不同的表也就是left join多次。

    在Q18中,答案極其複雜。group by使得c.c_id該列不會重複那麼多行(其實這裡用group還因為使用了聚合函式),將聚合函式扔掉。會有這個結果:

    還有這些:,((select count(s_id) from score where s_score>=60 and c_id=c.c_id )/(select count(s_id) from score where c_id=c.c_id)) "及格率" ,((select count(s_id) from score where s_score>=70 and s_score<80 and c_id=c.c_id )/(select count(s_id) from score where c_id=c.c_id)) "中等率" ,((select count(s_id) from score where s_score>=80 and s_score<90 and c_id=c.c_id )/(select count(s_id) from score where c_id=c.c_id)) "優良率" ,((select count(s_id) from score where s_score>=90 and c_id=c.c_id )/(select count(s_id) from score where c_id=c.c_id)) "優秀率"

    這些語句中我憂鬱的就是及格率等沒辦法按照課程號來怎麼辦,最後糾結的時候發現了有新增 c_id=c.c_id,意義大家都知道了。

  3.19(Q19)

select c1.s_id,c1.c_id,c1.c_name,@score:=c1.s_score,@i:=@i+1 from (select c.c_name,sc.* from course c left join score sc on sc.c_id=c.c_id where c.c_id="01" order by sc.s_score desc) c1:

這個子查詢選擇了課程編號為 "01" 的課程資訊,並將課程成績降序排列。
使用了 MySQL 中的使用者變數 @score 和 @i 來儲存成績和排名,@score 用於儲存當前成績,@i 用於記錄排名。
透過 @i:=@i+1 語法,在結果中新增了一個排名列,按照成績降序排列。
(select @i:=0) a:

這個子查詢用於初始化變數 @i,將其值設為 0。
union all:

UNION ALL 運算子用於合併多個 SELECT 結果集,幷包括重複行。
並不會打亂查詢集裡的順序,只是為了程式碼健全度最好加一下@score。
同樣的邏輯被重複了兩次,用於查詢課程編號為 "02" 和 "03" 的課程資訊,並分別進行排名。

set @iii=0;:

最後,這個語句初始化了另一個使用者變數 @iii,將其值設為 0

  3.26(Q26)

    count(1)和count(*)一樣。

  3.29(Q29)

    %表示可以匹配任意字串(包括零長度)

  3.30(Q30)這一道題記一下

  3.32(Q32)這一道題記一下

  3.36(Q36)這一道題記一下

  3.41(Q41)這一道題記一下

    子查詢可以使用父查詢的別名。這一道題的思路是,語句是一行行地遍歷搜尋的,所以如果該同學的某些條件和子查詢(也就是另一些同學)如果有相似之處那麼就會輸出    

  3.42(Q42)這一道題記一下,借鑑寫法寫得很好(但是感覺可以改進)

  3.46(Q46)

    TIMESTAMPDIFF(YEAR, st.s_birth, NOW()): 這是一個函式呼叫,它計算了學生的年齡。TIMESTAMPDIFF函式的語法是TIMESTAMPDIFF(unit, datetime_expr1, datetime_expr2),它返回datetime_expr2datetime_expr1之間的差值,單位由unit指定。在這個查詢中,unitYEARdatetime_expr1是學生的出生日期st.s_birthdatetime_expr2是當前日期NOW()。因此,該函式計算了學生的出生日期與當前日期之間的年數差值,即學生的年齡。

  3.47&3.48&3.49(Q47&Q.48&Q.49)

    都是類似的題目,只給上47的解析。

WEEK(NOW()) 返回當前日期所在的週數。
DATE_FORMAT(st.s_birth,'%Y%m%d') 用於將學生的生日按照年月日的格式表示。
WEEK() 函式用於計算日期所在的週數。
透過將當前日期的週數與學生生日的週數進行比較,來判斷學生是否在本週過生日。
SELECT st.* 選擇符合條件的所有學生資訊。
因此,該查詢將返回在本週過生日的學生的資訊。

  3.50(Q50)這一道題記一下

    TIMESTAMPADD(MONTH, 1, NOW()) 是將當前日期增加一個月。也就是說

    

  四、感受

      好耶寫完了。

參考連結:Mysql Sql 語句練習題 (50道) - 梅花GG - 部落格園 (cnblogs.com)

     https://www.cnblogs.com/pcjim/articles/799302.html

相關文章