級別: ★★☆☆☆
標籤:「iOS」「卡片式控制元件」「QiCardView」
作者: MrLiuQ
審校: QiShare團隊
前言:因專案中需求,需要做一個卡片式控制元件。故QiCardView誕生了。
首先,先來看一下QiCardView的效果圖:
從命名來看,QiCardView,顧名思義,是一個可定製的卡片式UI控制元件。 從設計來看,QiCardView仿照UITableView的設計,支援cell複用,節省了資源。
話不多說,先來看下整體架構~
一、QiCardView整體架構設計
架構層面仿照了UITableView
的設計,採用了cell複用策略。
在此基礎上,融入了一些手勢操作,更加富有互動性。
上架構圖:
兩個主類分別為QiCardView
與QiCardViewCell
。(仿照UITableView
+UITableViewCell
的設計)
QiCardView
下有兩個代理:QiCardViewDataSource
、QiCardViewDelegate
。(與UITableView的代理方法類似)QiCardViewCell
下有一個代理:QiCardViewCellDelegate
。(這個代理可以不關心,主要目的是輔助QiCardView裡的一些處理邏輯)
二、如何自定義使用QiCardView?
Cell自定義很簡單,只要新建一個類(例如:QiCardViewItemCell
)繼承自QiCardViewCell
即可。
在Controller中,基本使用上幾乎與UITableView
類似。
- 初始化
CardView
方法:
在上Demo之前,先介紹幾個可以自定義的配置屬性:
屬性 | 型別 | 介紹 |
---|---|---|
visibleCount | NSInteger | 卡片Cell可見數量(預設3)。因為有複用策略,所以即實際建立的Cell數量。 |
lineSpacing | CGFloat | 行間距(預設10.0,可自行計算scale比例來做間距) |
interitemSpacing | CGFloat | 列間距(預設10.0,可自行計算scale比例來做間距) |
maxAngle | CGFloat | 側滑最大角度(預設15°)。值約小越容易劃出,越大約不好劃出。 |
maxRemoveDistance | CGFloat | 最大移除距離(預設螢幕的1/4),滑動距離不夠時歸位。 |
isAlpha | CGFloat | cell是否需要漸變透明度。(預設YES) |
- (void)initViews {
_cardView = [[QiCardView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(25.0, 150.0, self.view.frame.size.width - 50.0, 420.0)];
_cardView.backgroundColor = [UIColor lightGrayColor];//!< 為了指出carddView的區域,指明背景色
_cardView.dataSource = self;
_cardView.delegate = self;
_cardView.visibleCount = 4;
_cardView.lineSpacing = 15.0;
_cardView.interitemSpacing = 10.0;
_cardView.maxAngle = 10.0;
_cardView.isAlpha = YES;
_cardView.maxRemoveDistance = 100.0;
_cardView.layer.cornerRadius = 10.0;
[_cardView registerClass:[QiCardItemCell class] forCellReuseIdentifier:qiCardCellId];
[self.view addSubview:_cardView];
}
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- 資料來源:
QiCardViewDataSource
:
首先controller要遵守協議:<QiCardViewDataSource>
#pragma mark - QiCardViewDataSource
- (QiCardItemCell *)cardView:(QiCardView *)cardView cellForRowAtIndex:(NSInteger)index {
QiCardItemCell *cell = [cardView dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier:qiCardCellId];
cell.cellData = _cellItems[index];
//...
return cell;
}
- (NSInteger)numberOfCountInCardView:(UITableView *)cardView {
return _cellItems.count;
}
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- 代理:
QiCardViewDelegate
:
還是首先controller需要遵守協議:<QiCardViewDelegate>
。
#pragma mark - QiCardViewDelegate
- (void)cardView:(QiCardView *)cardView didRemoveLastCell:(QiCardViewCell *)cell forRowAtIndex:(NSInteger)index {
[cardView reloadDataAnimated:YES];
}
- (void)cardView:(QiCardView *)cardView didRemoveCell:(QiCardViewCell *)cell forRowAtIndex:(NSInteger)index {
NSLog(@"didRemoveCell forRowAtIndex = %ld", index);
}
- (void)cardView:(QiCardView *)cardView didDisplayCell:(QiCardViewCell *)cell forRowAtIndex:(NSInteger)index {
NSLog(@"didDisplayCell forRowAtIndex = %ld", index);
}
- (void)cardView:(QiCardView *)cardView didMoveCell:(QiCardViewCell *)cell forMovePoint:(CGPoint)point {
NSLog(@"move point = %@", NSStringFromCGPoint(point));
}
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三、QiCardView的技術點
3.1 QiCardViewCell複用策略實現
- 註冊Cell:
兩種方式:registerNib
、registerClass
。 很簡單。
/** 註冊cell方法一:Nib */
- (void)registerNib:(nullable UINib *)nib forCellReuseIdentifier:(NSString *)identifier {
self.nib = nib;
self.identifier = identifier;
}
/** 註冊cell方法二:Class */
- (void)registerClass:(nullable Class)cellClass forCellReuseIdentifier:(NSString *)identifier {
self.cellClass = cellClass;
self.identifier = identifier;
}
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- 獲取快取Cell策略:
先看快取池中是否有相同ID(identifier
)的Cell,有的話,直接返回Cell。
若快取池中沒有,那麼就new
一個新的Cell啦~
/** 獲取快取cell */
- (__kindof QiCardViewCell *)dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier:(NSString *)identifier {
for (QiCardViewCell *cell in self.reusableCells) {
if ([cell.reuseIdentifier isEqualToString:identifier]) {
[self.reusableCells removeObject:cell];
return cell;
}
}
if (self.nib) {
QiCardViewCell *cell = [[self.nib instantiateWithOwner:nil options:nil] lastObject];
cell.reuseIdentifier = identifier;
return cell;
} else if (self.cellClass) { // 註冊class
QiCardViewCell *cell = [[self.cellClass alloc] initWithReuseIdentifier:identifier];
cell.reuseIdentifier = identifier;
return cell;
}
return nil;
}
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- 當cell走
DidRemoveFromSuperView
方法時,把cell加入快取池。
- (void)cardViewCellDidRemoveFromSuperView:(QiCardViewCell *)cell {
//...
[self.reusableCells addObject:cell];
//...
}
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3.2 cell重疊透明度漸變的實現
- 首先宣告瞭一個靜態變數:
moveCount
來記錄翻卡次數。(以便將cell的index與卡片的index邏輯關聯)
static int moveCount = 0;//!< 記錄翻頁次數
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- 邏輯:每個CardCell 在 “remove from super view” 的時候 moveCount+1。
#pragma mark - QiCardViewCellDelagate
- (void)cardViewCellDidRemoveFromSuperView:(QiCardViewCell *)cell {
moveCount++;
//....
}
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- 邏輯:在reload方法中,需要將moveCount置
0
。(很好理解,reload時,moveCount需要重新開始計算)
- (void)reloadDataAnimated:(BOOL)animated {
moveCount = 0;//!< 漸變需要
//...
}
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- 關鍵邏輯:在每次更新佈局時,設定每個Cell的漸變值(即
alpha
)
/** 更新佈局(動畫) */
- (void)updateLayoutVisibleCellsWithAnimated:(BOOL)animated {
//...
if (_isAlpha) {
BOOL isTopCell = (i == _currentIndex - moveCount);
if (isTopCell) {//!< 如果是最上面的Cell就透明度為1
cell.alpha = 1.0;
} else {
cell.alpha = (i + 1.9) * 1.0/self.visibleCells.count;
}
}
//...
}
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3.3 手勢操作實現
這部分主要是手勢+動畫。
細節比較多,小而雜。
詳細邏輯,請見原始碼。
#define Qi_SNAPSHOTVIEW_TAG 999
#define Qi_DEGREES_TO_RADIANS(angle) (angle / 180.0 * M_PI)
- (void)panGestureRecognizer:(UIPanGestureRecognizer*)pan {
switch (pan.state) {
case UIGestureRecognizerStateBegan:
self.currentPoint = CGPointZero;
break;
case UIGestureRecognizerStateChanged: {
CGPoint movePoint = [pan translationInView:pan.view];
self.currentPoint = CGPointMake(self.currentPoint.x + movePoint.x , self.currentPoint.y + movePoint.y);
CGFloat moveScale = self.currentPoint.x / self.maxRemoveDistance;
if (ABS(moveScale) > 1.0) {
moveScale = (moveScale > 0) ? 1.0 : -1.0;
}
CGFloat angle = Qi_DEGREES_TO_RADIANS(self.maxAngle) * moveScale;
CGAffineTransform transRotation = CGAffineTransformMakeRotation(angle);
self.transform = CGAffineTransformTranslate(transRotation, self.currentPoint.x, self.currentPoint.y);
if (self.cell_delegate && [self.cell_delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(cardViewCellDidMoveFromSuperView:forMovePoint:)]) {
[self.cell_delegate cardViewCellDidMoveFromSuperView:self forMovePoint:self.currentPoint];
}
[pan setTranslation:CGPointZero inView:pan.view];
}
break;
case UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded:
[self didPanStateEnded];
break;
case UIGestureRecognizerStateCancelled:
case UIGestureRecognizerStateFailed:
[self restoreCellLocation];
break;
default:
break;
}
}
// 手勢結束操作(不考慮上下位移)
- (void)didPanStateEnded {
// 右滑移除
if (self.currentPoint.x > self.maxRemoveDistance) {
__block UIView *snapshotView = [self snapshotViewAfterScreenUpdates:NO];
snapshotView.transform = self.transform;
[self.superview.superview addSubview:snapshotView];
[self didCellRemoveFromSuperview];
CGFloat endCenterX = [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.width/2 + self.frame.size.width * 1.5;
[UIView animateWithDuration:Qi_DefaultDuration animations:^{
CGPoint center = self.center;
center.x = endCenterX;
snapshotView.center = center;
} completion:^(BOOL finished) {
[snapshotView removeFromSuperview];
}];
}
// 左滑移除
else if (self.currentPoint.x < -self.maxRemoveDistance) {
__block UIView *snapshotView = [self snapshotViewAfterScreenUpdates:NO];
snapshotView.transform = self.transform;
[self.superview.superview addSubview:snapshotView];
[self didCellRemoveFromSuperview];
CGFloat endCenterX = -([UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.width/2 + self.frame.size.width);
[UIView animateWithDuration:Qi_DefaultDuration animations:^{
CGPoint center = self.center;
center.x = endCenterX;
snapshotView.center = center;
} completion:^(BOOL finished) {
[snapshotView removeFromSuperview];
}];
}
// 滑動距離不夠歸位
else {
[self restoreCellLocation];
}
}
// 還原卡片位置
- (void)restoreCellLocation {
[UIView animateWithDuration:Qi_SpringDuration delay:0
usingSpringWithDamping:Qi_SpringWithDamping
initialSpringVelocity:Qi_SpringVelocity
options:UIViewAnimationOptionCurveEaseOut
animations:^{
self.transform = CGAffineTransformIdentity;
} completion:nil];
}
// 卡片移除處理
- (void)didCellRemoveFromSuperview {
self.transform = CGAffineTransformIdentity;
[self removeFromSuperview];
if ([self.cell_delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(cardViewCellDidRemoveFromSuperView:)]) {
[self.cell_delegate cardViewCellDidRemoveFromSuperView:self];
}
}
- (void)removeFromSuperviewSwipe:(QiCardCellSwipeDirection)direction {
switch (direction) {
case QiCardCellSwipeDirectionLeft: {
[self removeFromSuperviewLeft];
}
break;
case QiCardCellSwipeDirectionRight: {
[self removeFromSuperviewRight];
}
break;
default:
break;
}
}
// 向左邊移除動畫
- (void)removeFromSuperviewLeft {
__block UIView *snapshotView = [self snapshotViewAfterScreenUpdates:NO];
[self.superview.superview addSubview:snapshotView];
[self didCellRemoveFromSuperview];
CGAffineTransform transRotation = CGAffineTransformMakeRotation(-Qi_DEGREES_TO_RADIANS(self.maxAngle));
CGAffineTransform transform = CGAffineTransformTranslate(transRotation, 0, self.frame.size.height/4.0);
CGFloat endCenterX = -([UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.width/2 + self.frame.size.width);
[UIView animateWithDuration:Qi_DefaultDuration animations:^{
CGPoint center = self.center;
center.x = endCenterX;
snapshotView.center = center;
snapshotView.transform = transform;
} completion:^(BOOL finished) {
[snapshotView removeFromSuperview];
}];
}
// 向右邊移除動畫
- (void)removeFromSuperviewRight {
__block UIView *snapshotView = [self snapshotViewAfterScreenUpdates:NO];
snapshotView.frame = self.frame;
[self.superview.superview addSubview:snapshotView];
[self didCellRemoveFromSuperview];
CGAffineTransform transRotation = CGAffineTransformMakeRotation(Qi_DEGREES_TO_RADIANS(self.maxAngle));
CGAffineTransform transform = CGAffineTransformTranslate(transRotation, 0, self.frame.size.height/4.0);
CGFloat endCenterX = [UIScreen mainScreen].bounds.size.width/2 + self.frame.size.width * 1.5;
[UIView animateWithDuration:Qi_DefaultDuration animations:^{
CGPoint center = self.center;
center.x = endCenterX;
snapshotView.center = center;
snapshotView.transform = transform;
} completion:^(BOOL finished) {
[snapshotView removeFromSuperview];
}];
}
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四、未來可能優化的點
- 設計層面:如果將手勢操作融入QiCardView中,將QiCardViewCell變成純粹的Cell,會不會更好。(思考中)
- 應用層面:目前只支援一個ID的Cell重用,未來渴望擴充成多個ID的Cell都可重用。(PS:因為只存了一個ID,後續考慮存陣列,以及對應的Cell快取池陣列。以此猜測UITableView的內部實現。)
原始碼:QiCardView原始碼。
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