INSERT...SELECT語句對查詢的表加鎖嗎

GreatSQL發表於2024-03-06

前言:

insert into t2 select * from t1; 這條語句會對查詢表 t1 加鎖嗎?不要輕易下結論。對GreatSQL的鎖進行研究之前,首先要確認一下事務的隔離級別,不同的事務隔離級別,鎖的表現是不一樣的。

實驗:

建立測試表t1,t2

greatsql> create table t1(id int primary key ,c1 varchar(10),c2 datetime,key idx_c1(c1));
greatsql> create table t2 like t1;

# id 列為主鍵,c1列上有普通索引

建立儲存過程,向t1表插入測試資料

greatsql> delimiter //
CREATE or replace PROCEDURE p1()
BEGIN
DECLARE p1 int default 0;
while p1<5 do
insert into t1(id,c1,c2) values(p1*2,round(rand()*10000),now());
SET p1 = p1 + 1;
end while;
END;
//
delimiter ;

greatsql> call p1;

greatsql> select * from t1;
+----+------+---------------------+
| id | c1   | c2                  |
+----+------+---------------------+
|  0 | 2660 | 2024-02-21 15:45:00 |
|  2 | 4627 | 2024-02-21 15:45:00 |
|  4 | 5158 | 2024-02-21 15:45:00 |
|  6 | 1907 | 2024-02-21 15:45:00 |
|  8 | 4061 | 2024-02-21 15:45:00 |
+----+------+---------------------+
5 rows in set (0.01 sec)

REPEATABLE-READ隔離級別:

查詢當前事務隔離級別:

greatsql> show variables like 'transaction_isolation';
+-----------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name         | Value           |
+-----------------------+-----------------+
| transaction_isolation | REPEATABLE-READ |
+-----------------------+-----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

connection 1:

greatsql> select ps_current_thread_id();
+------------------------+
| ps_current_thread_id() |
+------------------------+
|                     92 |
+------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

greatsql> begin;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

greatsql> insert into t2 select * from t1;
Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 5  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

connection2:

greatsql> select ps_current_thread_id();
+------------------------+
| ps_current_thread_id() |
+------------------------+
|                     93 |
+------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

greatsql> begin;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

greatsql> insert into t1(id,c1) values(1,'a');

connection3:

greatsql> select THREAD_ID,OBJECT_NAME,INDEX_NAME,LOCK_TYPE,LOCK_MODE,LOCK_STATUS,LOCK_DATA from data_locks;
+-----------+-------------+------------+-----------+------------------------+-------------+------------------------+
| THREAD_ID | OBJECT_NAME | INDEX_NAME | LOCK_TYPE | LOCK_MODE              | LOCK_STATUS | LOCK_DATA              |
+-----------+-------------+------------+-----------+------------------------+-------------+------------------------+
|        93 | t1          | NULL       | TABLE     | IX                     | GRANTED     | NULL                   |
|        93 | t1          | PRIMARY    | RECORD    | X,GAP,INSERT_INTENTION | WAITING     | 2                      |
|        92 | t2          | NULL       | TABLE     | IX                     | GRANTED     | NULL                   |
|        92 | t1          | NULL       | TABLE     | IS                     | GRANTED     | NULL                   |
|        92 | t1          | PRIMARY    | RECORD    | S                      | GRANTED     | supremum pseudo-record |
|        92 | t1          | PRIMARY    | RECORD    | S                      | GRANTED     | 0                      |
|        92 | t1          | PRIMARY    | RECORD    | S                      | GRANTED     | 2                      |
|        92 | t1          | PRIMARY    | RECORD    | S                      | GRANTED     | 4                      |
|        92 | t1          | PRIMARY    | RECORD    | S                      | GRANTED     | 6                      |
|        92 | t1          | PRIMARY    | RECORD    | S                      | GRANTED     | 8                      |
+-----------+-------------+------------+-----------+------------------------+-------------+------------------------+
10 rows in set (0.00 sec)

connection1的語句中select的表t1上每條記錄及最大偽記錄supremum pseudo-record都加了S鎖,這個S鎖是nextkey lock鎖,當connection2試圖向t1表中插入一條表中不存在的資料時也會被阻塞,connect1的S鎖與connect2需要的 X,GAP,INSERT_INTENTION鎖不相容。

在 REPEATABLE-READ 隔離級別下,INSERT ... SELECT 操作並未採用MVCC來保證事務一致性和隔離性,而是使用了鎖機制。

加鎖的目的是確保事務在讀取資料時能夠看到一個一致的資料快照。如果在執行 INSERT ... SELECT 時不加鎖,那麼可能會出現以下情況:

  1. 不可重複讀:如果在 INSERT ... SELECT 執行期間,另一個事務修改了被查詢的資料,那麼 INSERT ... SELECT 可能會讀取到不同的資料,導致插入的資料不一致。
  2. 幻讀:在某些情況下,另一個事務可能會在 INSERT ... SELECT 執行期間插入新的行,導致插入操作插入到不應該插入的行。

透過加鎖,InnoDB 能夠確保 INSERT ... SELECT 語句在執行期間讀取到的資料是一致的,並且不會被其他事務修改,從而維護了事務的隔離性和一致性。儘管 MVCC 可以在大多數情況下提供高效的資料讀取和寫入,但它並不能完全替代鎖機制。在 INSERT ... SELECT 這樣的操作中,使用 MVCC 可能無法提供足夠的保證。

READ-COMMITTED隔離級別

查詢當前事務隔離級別:

greatsql> show variables like 'transaction_isolation';
+-----------------------+----------------+
| Variable_name         | Value          |
+-----------------------+----------------+
| transaction_isolation | READ-COMMITTED |
+-----------------------+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

connection 1

greatsql> begin;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

greatsql> insert into t2 select * from t1;
Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.01 sec)
Records: 5  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

connection 2

greatsql> begin;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

greatsql> insert into t1(id,c1) values(1,'a');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

connection3

greatsql> select THREAD_ID,OBJECT_NAME,INDEX_NAME,LOCK_TYPE,LOCK_MODE,LOCK_STATUS,LOCK_DATA from data_locks;
+-----------+-------------+------------+-----------+-----------+-------------+-----------+
| THREAD_ID | OBJECT_NAME | INDEX_NAME | LOCK_TYPE | LOCK_MODE | LOCK_STATUS | LOCK_DATA |
+-----------+-------------+------------+-----------+-----------+-------------+-----------+
|       104 | t1          | NULL       | TABLE     | IX        | GRANTED     | NULL      |
|       103 | t2          | NULL       | TABLE     | IX        | GRANTED     | NULL      |
+-----------+-------------+------------+-----------+-----------+-------------+-----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

可以看出事務隔離級別設定為READ-COMMITTED後,表現截然不同。connection2並沒有被阻塞,兩個會話持有的鎖都只有插入表意向排他鎖(IX)。

結論:

INSERT...SELECT語句是否對查詢表加鎖跟事務隔離級別有關,REPEATABLE-READ隔離級別下加共享讀鎖,此共享讀鎖屬於Nextkey lock,會影響其他事務對查詢表的DML操作;READ-COMMITTED下不加鎖,不影響其他事務對錶進行DML操作。


Enjoy GreatSQL 😃

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