Material Design - 常用控制元件介紹和使用
新增依賴
implementation 'com.github.bumptech.glide:glide:3.7.0'
implementation 'com.android.support:cardview-v7:27.1.1'
implementation 'com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:27.1.1'
implementation 'com.android.support:design:27.1.1'
activity_main主佈局
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
android:id="@+id/drawer_layout"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content">
<android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar
android:id="@+id/toolbar"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="?attr/actionBarSize"
android:background="?attr/colorPrimary"
app:title="@string/app_name"
android:theme="@style/ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.Dark.ActionBar"
app:popupTheme="@style/ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.Light"
app:layout_scrollFlags="scroll|enterAlways|snap" />
</android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout>
<android.support.v4.widget.SwipeRefreshLayout
android:id="@+id/swipe_refresh"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
app:layout_behavior="@string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior">
<android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView
android:id="@+id/recycler_view"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent" />
</android.support.v4.widget.SwipeRefreshLayout>
<android.support.design.widget.FloatingActionButton
android:id="@+id/fab"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_gravity="bottom|end"
android:layout_margin="16dp"
android:src="@drawable/ic_done" />
</android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout>
<android.support.design.widget.NavigationView
android:id="@+id/nav_view"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_gravity="start"
app:headerLayout="@layout/nav_header"
app:menu="@menu/nav_menu" />
</android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout>
DrawerLayout+NavigationView實現側滑
mDrawerLayout.openDrawer(GravityCompat.START);開啟
mDrawerLayout.openDrawer(Gravity.LEFT)左邊
AppBarLayout
app:layout_scrollFlags引數:
- scroll值設為scroll的View會跟隨滾動事件一起發生移動。
- enterAlways:值設為enterAlways的View,當ScrollView往下滾動時,該View會直接往下滾動。而不用考慮ScrollView是否在滾動。
- exitUntilCollapsed:值設為exitUntilCollapsed的View,當這個View要往上逐漸“消逝”時,會一直往上滑動,直到剩下的的高度達到它的最小高度後,再響應ScrollView的內部滑動事件。
- enterAlwaysCollapsed:是enterAlways的附加選項,一般跟enterAlways一起使用,它是指,View在往下“出現”的時候,首先是enterAlways效果,當View的高度達到最小高度時,View就暫時不去往下滾動,直到ScrollView滑動到頂部不再滑動時,View再繼續往下滑動,直到滑到View的頂部結束。
NavigationView\
android:layout_gravity="start"側滑在左邊,end代表在右邊
app:headerLayout="@layout/nav_header"頭部的佈局
app:menu="@menu/nav_menu"子選單的內容
nav_header佈局
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="180dp"
android:background="?attr/colorPrimary"
android:padding="10dp">
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/icon_image"
android:layout_width="70dp"
android:layout_height="70dp"
android:layout_centerInParent="true"
android:src="@drawable/nav_icon" />
<TextView
android:id="@+id/mail"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
android:text="peakmain@mail.com"
android:textColor="#FFF"
android:textSize="14sp" />
<TextView
android:id="@+id/username"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_above="@id/mail"
android:text="Peakmain"
android:textColor="#FFF"
android:textSize="14sp" />
</RelativeLayout>
nav_menu選單內容
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<group android:checkableBehavior="single">
<item
android:id="@+id/nav_call"
android:icon="@drawable/nav_call"
android:title="Call" />
<item
android:id="@+id/nav_friends"
android:icon="@drawable/nav_friends"
android:title="Friends" />
<item
android:id="@+id/nav_location"
android:icon="@drawable/nav_location"
android:title="Location" />
<item
android:id="@+id/nav_mail"
android:icon="@drawable/nav_mail"
android:title="Mail" />
<item
android:id="@+id/nav_task"
android:icon="@drawable/nav_task"
android:title="Tasks" />
</group>
</menu>
toolbar樣式
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto">
<item
android:id="@+id/backup"
android:icon="@drawable/ic_backup"
android:title="Backup"
app:showAsAction="always"/>
<item
android:id="@+id/delete"
android:icon="@drawable/ic_delete"
android:title="Delete"
app:showAsAction="ifRoom"/>
<item
android:id="@+id/settings"
android:icon="@drawable/ic_settings"
android:title="Settings"
app:showAsAction="never"/>
</menu>
1.alaways:這個值會使選單項一直顯示在ActionBar上。
2.ifRoom:如果有足夠的空間,這個值會使選單顯示在ActionBar上。
3.never:這個值選單永遠不會出現在ActionBar是。
4.withText:這個值使選單和它的圖示,選單文字一起顯示。
MainActivity主佈局
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private DrawerLayout mDrawerLayout;
/**
* 初始化資料
*/
private Fruit[] fruits = {new Fruit("Apple", R.drawable.apple), new Fruit("Banana", R.drawable.banana),
new Fruit("Orange", R.drawable.orange), new Fruit("Watermelon", R.drawable.watermelon),
new Fruit("Pear", R.drawable.pear), new Fruit("Grape", R.drawable.grape),
new Fruit("Pineapple", R.drawable.pineapple), new Fruit("Strawberry", R.drawable.strawberry),
new Fruit("Cherry", R.drawable.cherry), new Fruit("Mango", R.drawable.mango)};
private List<Fruit> fruitList = new ArrayList<>();
private SwipeRefreshLayout swipeRefresh;
private FruitAdapter adapter;
@RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN_MR2)
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
//設定toolbar
Toolbar toolbar = findViewById(R.id.toolbar);
setSupportActionBar(toolbar);
//側滑
NavigationView navView = findViewById(R.id.nav_view);
mDrawerLayout = findViewById(R.id.drawer_layout);
ActionBar actionBar = getSupportActionBar();
if (actionBar != null) {
//設定導航預設是箭頭,id是android.R.id.home
actionBar.setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled(true);
//將箭頭設定成我們的圖片
actionBar.setHomeAsUpIndicator(R.drawable.ic_menu);
}
//設定被選中的item
navView.setCheckedItem(R.id.nav_call);
//獲取側滑的頭部
View headerView = navView.getHeaderView(0);
//頭部的影象
headerView.findViewById(R.id.icon_image).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "點選了影象", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
});
//頭部的郵件
headerView.findViewById(R.id.mail).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "點選了郵件", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
});
//頭部的使用者名稱
headerView.findViewById(R.id.username).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "點選了使用者名稱", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
});
//側滑點選列表
navView.setNavigationItemSelectedListener(new NavigationView.OnNavigationItemSelectedListener() {
@Override
public boolean onNavigationItemSelected(@NonNull MenuItem item) {
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, item.getTitle(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
//關閉側滑
mDrawerLayout.closeDrawers();
return true;
}
});
//懸浮點選事件
FloatingActionButton fab = findViewById(R.id.fab);
fab.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
// Snackbar的使用,第一個引數代表附屬於哪個View,第二個文字
Snackbar.make(v, "Data deleted", Snackbar.LENGTH_LONG).setAction("Undo", new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Data restored", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}).show();
}
});
initFruits();
RecyclerView recyclerView = findViewById(R.id.recycler_view);
GridLayoutManager layoutManager = new GridLayoutManager(this, 2);
recyclerView.setLayoutManager(layoutManager);
adapter = new FruitAdapter(fruitList);
recyclerView.setAdapter(adapter);
//下拉重新整理的使用
swipeRefresh = findViewById(R.id.swipe_refresh);
//設定下拉重新整理時候的箭頭的顏色
swipeRefresh.setColorSchemeResources(R.color.colorAccent);
//下拉重新整理的事件
swipeRefresh.setOnRefreshListener(new SwipeRefreshLayout.OnRefreshListener() {
@Override
public void onRefresh() {
refreshFruits();
}
});
}
/**
* 重新整理資料,模擬資料
*/
private void refreshFruits() {
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
initFruits();
adapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
swipeRefresh.setRefreshing(false);
}
});
}
}).start();
}
/**
* 初始化資料
*/
private void initFruits() {
fruitList.clear();
for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
Random random = new Random();
int index = random.nextInt(fruits.length);
fruitList.add(fruits[index]);
}
}
/**
* 載入建立 menu 佈局
*
* @param menu
* @return
*/
@Override
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.toolbar, menu);
return true;
}
/**
* 點選menu的一些回掉
*
* @param item
* @return
*/
@Override
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
switch (item.getItemId()) {
case android.R.id.home:
mDrawerLayout.openDrawer(GravityCompat.START);
break;
case R.id.backup:
Toast.makeText(this, "You clicked Backup", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
break;
case R.id.delete:
Toast.makeText(this, "You clicked Delete", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
break;
case R.id.settings:
Toast.makeText(this, "You clicked Settings", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
break;
default:
break;
}
return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
}
}
FruitAdapter介面卡
public class FruitAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<FruitAdapter.ViewHolder> {
private static final String TAG = "FruitAdapter";
private Context mContext;
private List<Fruit> mFruitList;
public FruitAdapter(List<Fruit> fruitList) {
this.mFruitList = fruitList;
}
public class ViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder {
CardView cardView;
ImageView fruitImage;
TextView fruitName;
public ViewHolder(View itemView) {
super(itemView);
cardView = (CardView) itemView;
fruitImage = itemView.findViewById(R.id.fruit_image);
fruitName = itemView.findViewById(R.id.fruit_name);
}
}
@NonNull
@Override
public ViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(@NonNull ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
//獲得上下文
if (mContext == null) {
mContext = parent.getContext();
}
View view = LayoutInflater.from(mContext).inflate(R.layout.fruit_item, parent, false);
final ViewHolder holder = new ViewHolder(view);
holder.cardView.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
//獲取當前的位置
int position = holder.getAdapterPosition();
Fruit fruit = mFruitList.get(position);
Intent intent = new Intent(mContext, FruitActivity.class);
intent.putExtra(FruitActivity.FRUIT_NAME, fruit.getName());
intent.putExtra(FruitActivity.FRUIT_IMAGE_ID, fruit.getImageId());
mContext.startActivity(intent);
}
});
return holder;
}
/**
* 設定資料
*/
@Override
public void onBindViewHolder(@NonNull ViewHolder holder, int position) {
Fruit fruit = mFruitList.get(position);
//設定圖片
Glide.with(mContext).load(fruit.getImageId()).into(holder.fruitImage);
//設定名字
holder.fruitName.setText(fruit.getName());
}
@Override
public int getItemCount() {
return mFruitList.size();
}
}
FruitActivity
public class FruitActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
public static final String FRUIT_NAME = "FRUIT_NAME";
public static final String FRUIT_IMAGE_ID = "FRUIT_IMAGE_ID";
@Override
protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_fruit);
//獲取傳過來的名字和圖片的Id
Intent intent = getIntent();
String fruitName = intent.getStringExtra(FRUIT_NAME);
int fruitImageId = intent.getIntExtra(FRUIT_IMAGE_ID, 0);
//toolbar
Toolbar toolbar = findViewById(R.id.toolbar);
//collapsingToolbar
CollapsingToolbarLayout collapsingToolbar = findViewById(R.id.collapsing_toolbar);
ImageView fruitImageView = findViewById(R.id.fruit_image_view);
TextView fruitContentText = findViewById(R.id.fruit_content_text);
//設定actionbar
setSupportActionBar(toolbar);
ActionBar actionBar = getSupportActionBar();
if (actionBar != null) {
actionBar.setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled(true);
}
//設定標題
collapsingToolbar.setTitle(fruitName);
//載入圖片
Glide.with(this).load(fruitImageId).into(fruitImageView);
String fruitContent = generateFruitContent(fruitName);
fruitContentText.setText(fruitContent);
}
private String generateFruitContent(String fruitName) {
StringBuilder fruitContent = new StringBuilder();
for (int i = 0; i < 500; i++) {
fruitContent.append(fruitName);
}
return fruitContent.toString();
}
@Override
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
switch (item.getItemId()) {
case android.R.id.home:
finish();
return true;
default:
break;
}
return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
}
}
activity_fruit佈局
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:fitsSystemWindows="true">
<android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout
android:id="@+id/appBar"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="250dp"
android:fitsSystemWindows="true">
<android.support.design.widget.CollapsingToolbarLayout
android:id="@+id/collapsing_toolbar"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:fitsSystemWindows="true"
android:theme="@style/ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.Dark.ActionBar"
app:contentScrim="?attr/colorPrimary"
app:layout_scrollFlags="scroll|exitUntilCollapsed">
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/fruit_image_view"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:fitsSystemWindows="true"
android:scaleType="centerCrop"
app:layout_collapseMode="parallax" />
<android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar
android:id="@+id/toolbar"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="?attr/actionBarSize"
app:layout_collapseMode="pin" />
</android.support.design.widget.CollapsingToolbarLayout>
</android.support.design.widget.AppBarLayout>
<android.support.v4.widget.NestedScrollView
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
app:layout_behavior="@string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior">
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="vertical">
<android.support.v7.widget.CardView
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginBottom="15dp"
android:layout_marginLeft="15dp"
android:layout_marginRight="15dp"
android:layout_marginTop="35dp"
app:cardCornerRadius="4dp">
<TextView
android:id="@+id/fruit_content_text"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_margin="10dp" />
</android.support.v7.widget.CardView>
</LinearLayout>
</android.support.v4.widget.NestedScrollView>
<android.support.design.widget.FloatingActionButton
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_margin="16dp"
android:src="@drawable/ic_comment"
app:layout_anchor="@id/appBar"
app:layout_anchorGravity="bottom|end" />
</android.support.design.widget.CoordinatorLayout>
fitsSystemWindows只作用在sdk>=19的系統上就是高於4.4的系統
這個屬性可以給任何view設定,只要設定了這個屬性此view的所有padding屬性失效.
只有在設定了透明狀態列(StatusBar)或者導航欄(NavigationBar)此屬性才會生效
CollapsingToolbarLayout
CollapsingToolbarLayout是用來對Toolbar進行再次包裝的ViewGroup,主要是用於實現摺疊(其實就是看起來像伸縮~)的App Bar效果。它需要放在AppBarLayout佈局裡面,並且作為AppBarLayout的直接子View。CollapsingToolbarLayout主要包括幾個功能
- 內容紗布:根據滾動的位置是否到達一個閥值,來決定是否對View“蓋上紗布”。可以通過setContentScrim(Drawable)來設定紗布的圖片.如我們這裡的app:contentScrim="?attr/colorPrimary"
- app:layout_collapseMode="pin":將子View位置固定(Pinned position children):子View可以選擇是否在全域性空間上固定位置,這對於Toolbar來說非常有用,因為當佈局在移動時,可以將Toolbar固定位置而不受移動的影響。
- app:layout_collapseMode="parallax" 視差滾動子View(Parallax scrolling children):子View可以選擇在當前的佈局當時是否以“視差”的方式來跟隨滾動。(PS:其實就是讓這個View的滾動的速度比其他正常滾動的View速度稍微慢一點)
- app:layout_behavior="@string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior"設定放置到狀態列下面
- app:layout_anchor="@id/appBar"附屬在toolbar上面
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