ClickHouse(19)ClickHouse整合Hive表引擎詳細解析

張飛的豬發表於2023-12-23

Hive整合表引擎

Hive引擎允許對HDFS Hive表執行 SELECT 查詢。目前它支援如下輸入格式:

-文字:只支援簡單的標量列型別,除了 Binary

  • ORC:支援簡單的標量列型別,除了char; 只支援 array 這樣的複雜型別

  • Parquet:支援所有簡單標量列型別;只支援 array 這樣的複雜型別

建立表

CREATE TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] [db.]table_name [ON CLUSTER cluster]
(
    name1 [type1] [ALIAS expr1],
    name2 [type2] [ALIAS expr2],
    ...
) ENGINE = Hive('thrift://host:port', 'database', 'table');
PARTITION BY expr

表的結構可以與原來的Hive表結構有所不同:

  • 列名應該與原來的Hive表相同,但你可以使用這些列中的一些,並以任何順序,你也可以使用一些從其他列計算的別名列。
  • 列型別與原Hive表的列型別保持一致。
  • “Partition by expression”應與原Hive表保持一致,“Partition by expression”中的列應在表結構中。

引擎引數

  • thrift://host:port — Hive Metastore 地址

  • database — 遠端資料庫名.

  • table — 遠端資料表名.

使用示例

如何使用HDFS檔案系統的本地快取

我們強烈建議您為遠端檔案系統啟用本地快取。基準測試顯示,如果使用快取,它的速度會快兩倍。

在使用快取之前,請將其新增到 config.xml

<local_cache_for_remote_fs>
    <enable>true</enable>
    <root_dir>local_cache</root_dir>
    <limit_size>559096952</limit_size>
    <bytes_read_before_flush>1048576</bytes_read_before_flush>
</local_cache_for_remote_fs>
  • enable: 開啟後,ClickHouse將為HDFS (遠端檔案系統)維護本地快取。
  • root_dir: 必需的。用於儲存遠端檔案系統的本地快取檔案的根目錄。
  • limit_size: 必需的。本地快取檔案的最大大小(單位為位元組)。
  • bytes_read_before_flush: 從遠端檔案系統下載檔案時,重新整理到本地檔案系統前的控制位元組數。預設值為1MB。

當ClickHouse為遠端檔案系統啟用了本地快取時,使用者仍然可以選擇不使用快取,並在查詢中設定 use_local_cache_for_remote_storage = 0, use_local_cache_for_remote_storage 預設為 1

查詢 ORC 輸入格式的Hive 表

在 Hive 中建表

hive > CREATE TABLE `test`.`test_orc`(
  `f_tinyint` tinyint, 
  `f_smallint` smallint, 
  `f_int` int, 
  `f_integer` int, 
  `f_bigint` bigint, 
  `f_float` float, 
  `f_double` double, 
  `f_decimal` decimal(10,0), 
  `f_timestamp` timestamp, 
  `f_date` date, 
  `f_string` string, 
  `f_varchar` varchar(100), 
  `f_bool` boolean, 
  `f_binary` binary, 
  `f_array_int` array<int>, 
  `f_array_string` array<string>, 
  `f_array_float` array<float>, 
  `f_array_array_int` array<array<int>>, 
  `f_array_array_string` array<array<string>>, 
  `f_array_array_float` array<array<float>>)
PARTITIONED BY ( 
  `day` string)
ROW FORMAT SERDE 
  'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.orc.OrcSerde' 
STORED AS INPUTFORMAT 
  'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.orc.OrcInputFormat' 
OUTPUTFORMAT 
  'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.orc.OrcOutputFormat'
LOCATION
  'hdfs://testcluster/data/hive/test.db/test_orc'

OK
Time taken: 0.51 seconds

hive > insert into test.test_orc partition(day='2021-09-18') select 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.11, 7.22, 8.333, current_timestamp(), current_date(), 'hello world', 'hello world', 'hello world', true, 'hello world', array(1, 2, 3), array('hello world', 'hello world'), array(float(1.1), float(1.2)), array(array(1, 2), array(3, 4)), array(array('a', 'b'), array('c', 'd')), array(array(float(1.11), float(2.22)), array(float(3.33), float(4.44)));
OK
Time taken: 36.025 seconds

hive > select * from test.test_orc;
OK
1   2   3   4   5   6.11    7.22    8   2021-11-05 12:38:16.314 2021-11-05  hello world hello world hello world                                                                                             true    hello world [1,2,3] ["hello world","hello world"]   [1.1,1.2]   [[1,2],[3,4]]   [["a","b"],["c","d"]]   [[1.11,2.22],[3.33,4.44]]   2021-09-18
Time taken: 0.295 seconds, Fetched: 1 row(s)

在 ClickHouse 中建表

ClickHouse中的表,從上面建立的Hive表中獲取資料:

CREATE TABLE test.test_orc
(
    `f_tinyint` Int8,
    `f_smallint` Int16,
    `f_int` Int32,
    `f_integer` Int32,
    `f_bigint` Int64,
    `f_float` Float32,
    `f_double` Float64,
    `f_decimal` Float64,
    `f_timestamp` DateTime,
    `f_date` Date,
    `f_string` String,
    `f_varchar` String,
    `f_bool` Bool,
    `f_binary` String,
    `f_array_int` Array(Int32),
    `f_array_string` Array(String),
    `f_array_float` Array(Float32),
    `f_array_array_int` Array(Array(Int32)),
    `f_array_array_string` Array(Array(String)),
    `f_array_array_float` Array(Array(Float32)),
    `day` String
)
ENGINE = Hive('thrift://localhost:9083', 'test', 'test_orc')
PARTITION BY day

SELECT * FROM test.test_orc settings input_format_orc_allow_missing_columns = 1\G
SELECT *
FROM test.test_orc
SETTINGS input_format_orc_allow_missing_columns = 1

Query id: c3eaffdc-78ab-43cd-96a4-4acc5b480658

Row 1:
──────
f_tinyint:            1
f_smallint:           2
f_int:                3
f_integer:            4
f_bigint:             5
f_float:              6.11
f_double:             7.22
f_decimal:            8
f_timestamp:          2021-12-04 04:00:44
f_date:               2021-12-03
f_string:             hello world
f_varchar:            hello world
f_bool:               true
f_binary:             hello world
f_array_int:          [1,2,3]
f_array_string:       ['hello world','hello world']
f_array_float:        [1.1,1.2]
f_array_array_int:    [[1,2],[3,4]]
f_array_array_string: [['a','b'],['c','d']]
f_array_array_float:  [[1.11,2.22],[3.33,4.44]]
day:                  2021-09-18


1 rows in set. Elapsed: 0.078 sec. 

查詢 Parquest 輸入格式的Hive 表

在 Hive 中建表

hive >
CREATE TABLE `test`.`test_parquet`(
  `f_tinyint` tinyint, 
  `f_smallint` smallint, 
  `f_int` int, 
  `f_integer` int, 
  `f_bigint` bigint, 
  `f_float` float, 
  `f_double` double, 
  `f_decimal` decimal(10,0), 
  `f_timestamp` timestamp, 
  `f_date` date, 
  `f_string` string, 
  `f_varchar` varchar(100), 
  `f_char` char(100), 
  `f_bool` boolean, 
  `f_binary` binary, 
  `f_array_int` array<int>, 
  `f_array_string` array<string>, 
  `f_array_float` array<float>, 
  `f_array_array_int` array<array<int>>, 
  `f_array_array_string` array<array<string>>, 
  `f_array_array_float` array<array<float>>)
PARTITIONED BY ( 
  `day` string)
ROW FORMAT SERDE 
  'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.parquet.serde.ParquetHiveSerDe' 
STORED AS INPUTFORMAT 
  'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.parquet.MapredParquetInputFormat' 
OUTPUTFORMAT 
  'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.parquet.MapredParquetOutputFormat'
LOCATION
  'hdfs://testcluster/data/hive/test.db/test_parquet'
OK
Time taken: 0.51 seconds

hive >  insert into test.test_parquet partition(day='2021-09-18') select 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.11, 7.22, 8.333, current_timestamp(), current_date(), 'hello world', 'hello world', 'hello world', true, 'hello world', array(1, 2, 3), array('hello world', 'hello world'), array(float(1.1), float(1.2)), array(array(1, 2), array(3, 4)), array(array('a', 'b'), array('c', 'd')), array(array(float(1.11), float(2.22)), array(float(3.33), float(4.44)));
OK
Time taken: 36.025 seconds

hive > select * from test.test_parquet;
OK
1   2   3   4   5   6.11    7.22    8   2021-12-14 17:54:56.743 2021-12-14  hello world hello world hello world                                                                                             true    hello world [1,2,3] ["hello world","hello world"]   [1.1,1.2]   [[1,2],[3,4]]   [["a","b"],["c","d"]]   [[1.11,2.22],[3.33,4.44]]   2021-09-18
Time taken: 0.766 seconds, Fetched: 1 row(s)

在 ClickHouse 中建表

ClickHouse 中的表, 從上面建立的Hive表中獲取資料:

CREATE TABLE test.test_parquet
(
    `f_tinyint` Int8,
    `f_smallint` Int16,
    `f_int` Int32,
    `f_integer` Int32,
    `f_bigint` Int64,
    `f_float` Float32,
    `f_double` Float64,
    `f_decimal` Float64,
    `f_timestamp` DateTime,
    `f_date` Date,
    `f_string` String,
    `f_varchar` String,
    `f_char` String,
    `f_bool` Bool,
    `f_binary` String,
    `f_array_int` Array(Int32),
    `f_array_string` Array(String),
    `f_array_float` Array(Float32),
    `f_array_array_int` Array(Array(Int32)),
    `f_array_array_string` Array(Array(String)),
    `f_array_array_float` Array(Array(Float32)),
    `day` String
)
ENGINE = Hive('thrift://localhost:9083', 'test', 'test_parquet')
PARTITION BY day
SELECT * FROM test.test_parquet settings input_format_parquet_allow_missing_columns = 1\G
SELECT *
FROM test_parquet
SETTINGS input_format_parquet_allow_missing_columns = 1

Query id: 4e35cf02-c7b2-430d-9b81-16f438e5fca9

Row 1:
──────
f_tinyint:            1
f_smallint:           2
f_int:                3
f_integer:            4
f_bigint:             5
f_float:              6.11
f_double:             7.22
f_decimal:            8
f_timestamp:          2021-12-14 17:54:56
f_date:               2021-12-14
f_string:             hello world
f_varchar:            hello world
f_char:               hello world
f_bool:               true
f_binary:             hello world
f_array_int:          [1,2,3]
f_array_string:       ['hello world','hello world']
f_array_float:        [1.1,1.2]
f_array_array_int:    [[1,2],[3,4]]
f_array_array_string: [['a','b'],['c','d']]
f_array_array_float:  [[1.11,2.22],[3.33,4.44]]
day:                  2021-09-18

1 rows in set. Elapsed: 0.357 sec. 

查詢文字輸入格式的Hive表

在Hive 中建表

hive >
CREATE TABLE `test`.`test_text`(
  `f_tinyint` tinyint, 
  `f_smallint` smallint, 
  `f_int` int, 
  `f_integer` int, 
  `f_bigint` bigint, 
  `f_float` float, 
  `f_double` double, 
  `f_decimal` decimal(10,0), 
  `f_timestamp` timestamp, 
  `f_date` date, 
  `f_string` string, 
  `f_varchar` varchar(100), 
  `f_char` char(100), 
  `f_bool` boolean, 
  `f_binary` binary, 
  `f_array_int` array<int>, 
  `f_array_string` array<string>, 
  `f_array_float` array<float>, 
  `f_array_array_int` array<array<int>>, 
  `f_array_array_string` array<array<string>>, 
  `f_array_array_float` array<array<float>>)
PARTITIONED BY ( 
  `day` string)
ROW FORMAT SERDE 
  'org.apache.hadoop.hive.serde2.lazy.LazySimpleSerDe' 
STORED AS INPUTFORMAT 
  'org.apache.hadoop.mapred.TextInputFormat' 
OUTPUTFORMAT 
  'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.io.HiveIgnoreKeyTextOutputFormat'
LOCATION
  'hdfs://testcluster/data/hive/test.db/test_text'
Time taken: 0.1 seconds, Fetched: 34 row(s)


hive >  insert into test.test_text partition(day='2021-09-18') select 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.11, 7.22, 8.333, current_timestamp(), current_date(), 'hello world', 'hello world', 'hello world', true, 'hello world', array(1, 2, 3), array('hello world', 'hello world'), array(float(1.1), float(1.2)), array(array(1, 2), array(3, 4)), array(array('a', 'b'), array('c', 'd')), array(array(float(1.11), float(2.22)), array(float(3.33), float(4.44)));
OK
Time taken: 36.025 seconds

hive > select * from test.test_text;
OK
1   2   3   4   5   6.11    7.22    8   2021-12-14 18:11:17.239 2021-12-14  hello world hello world hello world                                                                                             true    hello world [1,2,3] ["hello world","hello world"]   [1.1,1.2]   [[1,2],[3,4]]   [["a","b"],["c","d"]]   [[1.11,2.22],[3.33,4.44]]   2021-09-18
Time taken: 0.624 seconds, Fetched: 1 row(s)

在 ClickHouse 中建表

ClickHouse中的表, 從上面建立的Hive表中獲取資料:

CREATE TABLE test.test_text
(
    `f_tinyint` Int8,
    `f_smallint` Int16,
    `f_int` Int32,
    `f_integer` Int32,
    `f_bigint` Int64,
    `f_float` Float32,
    `f_double` Float64,
    `f_decimal` Float64,
    `f_timestamp` DateTime,
    `f_date` Date,
    `f_string` String,
    `f_varchar` String,
    `f_char` String,
    `f_bool` Bool,
    `day` String
)
ENGINE = Hive('thrift://localhost:9083', 'test', 'test_text')
PARTITION BY day 
SELECT * FROM test.test_text settings input_format_skip_unknown_fields = 1, input_format_with_names_use_header = 1, date_time_input_format = 'best_effort'\G
SELECT *
FROM test.test_text
SETTINGS input_format_skip_unknown_fields = 1, input_format_with_names_use_header = 1, date_time_input_format = 'best_effort'

Query id: 55b79d35-56de-45b9-8be6-57282fbf1f44

Row 1:
──────
f_tinyint:   1
f_smallint:  2
f_int:       3
f_integer:   4
f_bigint:    5
f_float:     6.11
f_double:    7.22
f_decimal:   8
f_timestamp: 2021-12-14 18:11:17
f_date:      2021-12-14
f_string:    hello world
f_varchar:   hello world
f_char:      hello world
f_bool:      true
day:         2021-09-18

資料分享

ClickHouse經典中文文件分享

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