實驗二 c++

實驗任務一

原始碼

t.h

#pragma once

#include <string>

// 類T: 宣告
class T {
// 物件屬性、方法
public:
    T(int x = 0, int y = 0);   // 普通建構函式
    T(const T &t);  // 複製建構函式
    T(T &&t);       // 移動建構函式
    ~T();           // 解構函式

    void adjust(int ratio);      // 按係數成倍調整資料
    void display() const;           // 以(m1, m2)形式顯示T類物件資訊

private:
    int m1, m2;

// 類屬性、方法
public:
    static int get_cnt();          // 顯示當前T類物件總數

public:
    static const std::string doc;       // 類T的描述資訊
    static const int max_cnt;           // 類T物件上限

private:
    static int cnt;         // 當前T類物件數目

// 類T友元函式宣告
    friend void func();
};

// 普通函式宣告
void func();

t.cpp

// 類T: 實現
// 普通函式實現

#include "t.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using std::cout;
using std::endl;
using std::string;

// static成員資料類外初始化
const std::string T::doc{"a simple class sample"};
const int T::max_cnt = 999;
int T::cnt = 0;


// 物件方法
T::T(int x, int y): m1{x}, m2{y} { 
    ++cnt; 
    cout << "T constructor called.\n";
} 

T::T(const T &t): m1{t.m1}, m2{t.m2} {
    ++cnt;
    cout << "T copy constructor called.\n";
}

T::T(T &&t): m1{t.m1}, m2{t.m2} {
    ++cnt;
    cout << "T move constructor called.\n";
}    

T::~T() {
    --cnt;
    cout << "T destructor called.\n";
}           

void T::adjust(int ratio) {
    m1 *= ratio;
    m2 *= ratio;
}    

void T::display() const {
    cout << "(" << m1 << ", " << m2 << ")" ;
}     

// 類方法
int T::get_cnt() {
   return cnt;
}

// 友元
void func() {
    T t5(42);
    t5.m2 = 2049;
    cout << "t5 = "; t5.display(); cout << endl;
}

task.cpp

#include "t.h"
#include <iostream>

using std::cout;
using std::endl;

void test();

int main() {
    test();
    cout << "\nmain: \n";
    cout << "T objects'current count: " << T::get_cnt() << endl;
}

void test() {
    cout << "test class T: \n";
    cout << "T info: " << T::doc << endl;
    cout << "T objects'max count: " << T::max_cnt << endl;
    cout << "T objects'current count: " << T::get_cnt() << endl << endl;


    T t1;
    cout << "t1 = "; t1.display(); cout << endl;

    T t2(3, 4);
    cout << "t2 = "; t2.display(); cout << endl;

    T t3(t2);
    t3.adjust(2);
    cout << "t3 = "; t3.display(); cout << endl;

    T t4(std::move(t2));
    cout << "t3 = "; t4.display(); cout << endl;

    cout << "T objects'current count: " << T::get_cnt() << endl;

    func();
}

執行結果截圖

問題1.報錯截圖，因為t.h中僅僅只宣告瞭func是類T的友元函式，並沒有給出定義，所以會報錯

2.普通建構函式構造一個新的物件，複製建構函式將一個物件複製到另一個新物件中，移動建構函式將一個物件移動到一個新物件中。在主函式結束時，依次呼叫解構函式

3.會編譯報錯，static的資料在類中宣告，需要在類外（也就是t.cpp中）定義

實驗任務二

原始碼

x.h

#ifndef X_H
#define X_H
#include<string> 
using std::string;

class Complex {

public:

    Complex(double real0 = 0, double imag0 = 0);
    Complex(const Complex& obj);
    ~Complex();

    double get_real() const;
    double get_imag() const;
    void add(Complex c);
    friend Complex add(const Complex a, const Complex b);
    friend bool is_equal(Complex a, Complex b);
    friend bool is_not_equal(Complex a, Complex b);
    friend void output(Complex c);
    friend double abs(Complex c);

private:

    double real;
    double imag;

public:
    static const string doc;

};

#endif

x.cpp

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include "x.h"

using std::cout;
using std::endl;
using std::string;

const string Complex::doc{ "a simple class demo" };
Complex::Complex(double real0 , double imag0 ) {
    real = real0;
    imag = imag0;
};

Complex::~Complex() {};
Complex::Complex(const Complex& obj) {
    real = obj.real;
    imag = obj.imag;
}

double Complex::get_real() const { return real; }
double Complex::get_imag() const { return imag; }
void Complex::add(Complex c) {
    real += c.real;
    imag += c.imag;
}
Complex add(Complex a, Complex b) {
    Complex c;
    c.real=a.real + b.real;
    c.imag =a.imag + b.imag;
    return c;
}
bool is_equal(Complex a, Complex b) {
    if (a.real == b.real && a.imag == b.imag)
        return true;
    else
        return false;
}
bool is_not_equal(Complex a, Complex b) {
    if (a.real == b.real && a.imag == b.imag)
        return false;
    else
        return true;
}
void output(Complex c) {
    if(c.imag >=0)
    cout << c.real << " + " << c.imag << "i" << endl;
    else
        cout << c.real << " - " << abs(c.imag) << "i" << endl;
}
double abs(Complex c) {
    return sqrt(c.real * c.real + c.imag * c.imag);
}

main.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include "x.h"

using std::cout;
using std::endl;
using std::boolalpha;

void test() {

    cout << "類成員測試: " << endl;
    cout << Complex::doc << endl;

    cout << endl;

    cout << "Complex物件測試: " << endl;
    Complex c1;
    Complex c2(3, -4);
    const Complex c3(3.5);

    Complex c4(c3);



    cout << "c1 = "; output(c1); cout << endl;
    cout << "c2 = "; output(c2); cout << endl;
    cout << "c3 = "; output(c3); cout << endl;
    cout << "c4 = "; output(c4); cout << endl;
    cout << "c4.real = " << c4.get_real() << ", c4.imag = " << c4.get_imag() << endl;

    cout << endl;

    cout << "複數運算測試: " << endl;
    cout << "abs(c2) = " << abs(c2) << endl;
    c1.add(c2);
    cout << "c1 += c2, c1 = "; output(c1); cout << endl;
    cout << boolalpha;
    cout << "c1 == c2 : " << is_equal(c1, c2) << endl;
    cout << "c1 != c3 : " << is_not_equal(c1, c3) << endl;
    c4 = add(c2, c3);
    cout << "c4 = c2 + c3, c4 = "; output(c4); cout << endl;

}



int main() {

    test();

}

執行結果截圖

實驗任務三

原始碼

#include <iostream>
#include <complex>

using std::cout;
using std::endl;
using std::boolalpha;
using std::complex;

void test() {
    cout << "標準庫模板類comple測試: " << endl;
    complex<double> c1;
    complex<double> c2(3, -4);
    const complex<double> c3(3.5);
    complex<double> c4(c3);

    cout << "c1 = " << c1 << endl;
    cout << "c2 = " << c2 << endl;
    cout << "c3 = " << c3 << endl;
    cout << "c4 = " << c4 << endl;
    cout << "c4.real = " << c4.real() << ", c4.imag = " << c4.imag() << endl;
    cout << endl;

    cout << "複數運算測試: " << endl;
    cout << "abs(c2) = " << abs(c2) << endl;
    c1 += c2;
    cout << "c1 += c2, c1 = " << c1 << endl;
    cout << boolalpha;
    cout << "c1 == c2 : " << (c1 == c2) << endl;
    cout << "c1 != c3 : " << (c1 != c3) << endl;
    c4 = c2 + c3;
    cout << "c4 = c2 + c3, c4 = " << c4 << endl;
}

int main() {
    test();
}

執行結果截圖

實驗任務四

原始碼

Fraction.h

#pragma once
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using std::string;

class Fraction {
public:
    Fraction(int up0 = 0, int down0 = 1);
    Fraction(const Fraction& obj);
    ~Fraction() {};

    int get_up () const;
    int get_down () const;
    Fraction negative();

    friend void output(Fraction f);
    friend Fraction add(Fraction f1, Fraction f2);
    friend Fraction sub(Fraction f1, Fraction f2);
    friend Fraction mul(Fraction f1, Fraction f2);
    friend Fraction div(Fraction f1, Fraction f2);

private:
    int up, down;

public:
    static const string doc;
};

Fraction add(Fraction f1, Fraction f2);
Fraction sub(Fraction f1, Fraction f2);
Fraction mul(Fraction f1, Fraction f2);
Fraction div(Fraction f1, Fraction f2);

Fraction.cpp

#include "Fraction.h"
#include<iostream>
using std::string;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;

const string Fraction::doc{ "Fraction類 v 0.01版\n目前僅支援分數物件的構造，輸出，加//減//乘//除運算" };

int gcd(int a, int b) {
    int t;
    if (a == 0 || b == 0)
        return 0;
    while (b != 0) {
        t = a % b;
        a = b;
        b = t;
    }
    return a;
}
int gcs(int a, int b) {
    if (gcd(a, b) == 0)
        return 0;
    return a * b / gcd(a, b);
}

Fraction::Fraction(int up0 , int down0) :up{ up0 }, down{ down0 } {};
Fraction::Fraction(const Fraction& obj) {
    up = obj.up;
    down = obj.down;
}

int Fraction::get_up ()const { return up; }
int Fraction::get_down ()const { return down; }
Fraction Fraction::negative() {
    Fraction f;
    if ( down > 0) {
        f.up = -up;
        f.down = down;
    }
        

    else if ( down < 0)
    {
        f.up = up;
        f.down = -down;
    }
    return f;
}


Fraction add(Fraction f1, Fraction f2) {
    Fraction f;
    int r= gcs(f1.down, f2.down);
    f.up = f1.up * (r / f1.down) + f2.up * (r / f2.down);
    f.down = r;
    return f;
}
Fraction sub(Fraction f1, Fraction f2) {
    Fraction f;
    f.up = f1.up * f2.up;
    f.down = f1.down * f2.down;
    return f;
}
Fraction mul(Fraction f1, Fraction f2) {
    Fraction f;
    int r = gcs(f1.down, f2.down);
    f.up = f1.up * (r / f1.down) - f2.up * (r / f2.down);
    f.down = r;
    return f;
}
Fraction div(Fraction f1, Fraction f2) {
    int t;
    Fraction f;
    t = f2.up;
    f2.up = f2.down;
    f2.down = t;
    f=sub(f1, f2);
    return f;
}
void output(Fraction f) {
    int r = abs(gcd(f.up, f.down));
    if (f.down == 0)
        cout << "分母不能為0" << endl;
    else if(f.up==0)
        cout << f.up << endl;
    else if (f.down > 0)
        cout << f.up /r<< "/" << f.down/r << endl;
    else if (f.down < 0)
        cout << -(f.up/r) << "/" << -(f.down/r) << endl;
   

}

main.cpp

#include "Fraction.h"
#include <iostream>

using std::cout;
using std::endl;


void test1() {
    cout << "Fraction類測試: " << endl;
    cout << Fraction::doc << endl << endl;

    Fraction f1(5);
    Fraction f2(3, -4), f3(-18, 12);
    Fraction f4(f3);
    cout << "f1 = "; output(f1); cout << endl;
    cout << "f2 = "; output(f2); cout << endl;
    cout << "f3 = "; output(f3); cout << endl;
    cout << "f4 = "; output(f4); cout << endl;

    Fraction f5(f4.negative());
    cout << "f5 = "; output(f5); cout << endl;
    cout << "f5.get_up() = " << f5.get_up() << ", f5.get_down() = " << f5.get_down() << endl;

    cout << "f1 + f2 = "; output(add(f1, f2)); cout << endl;
    cout << "f1 - f2 = "; output(sub(f1, f2)); cout << endl;
    cout << "f1 * f2 = "; output(mul(f1, f2)); cout << endl;
    cout << "f1 / f2 = "; output(div(f1, f2)); cout << endl;
    cout << "f4 + f5 = "; output(add(f4, f5)); cout << endl;
}

void test2() {
    Fraction f6(42, 55), f7(0, 3);
    cout << "f6 = "; output(f6); cout << endl;
    cout << "f7 = "; output(f7); cout << endl;
    cout << "f6 / f7 = "; output(div(f6, f7)); cout << endl;
}

int main() {
    cout << "測試1: Fraction類基礎功能測試\n";
    test1();

    cout << "\n測試2: 分母為0測試: \n";
    test2();
}

執行結果截圖

實驗五

原始碼

account.h

#pragma once

class SavingsAccount {
private:
    int id;
    double balance;
    double rate;
    int lastDate;
    static double total;
    double accumulation;

    void record(int date, double amount);
    double aaccumulate(int date)const {
        return accumulation + balance * (date - lastDate);
    }

public:
    SavingsAccount(int date, int id, double rate);
    int getId() { return id; }
    double getBalance() { return balance; }
    double getRate() { return rate; }
    static double getTotal() { return total; }
    void deposit(int date, double amount);
    void withraw(int date, double amount);
    void settle(int date);
    void show();
};

account.cpp

#include"account.h"
#include<iostream>
#include<cmath>

using namespace std;
double SavingsAccount::total = 0;
SavingsAccount::SavingsAccount(int date, int id, double rate) :id(id), balance(0), rate(rate), lastDate(date), accumulation(0) {
    {cout << date << "\t#" << id << "is cteated" << endl; }
}
void SavingsAccount::record(int date, double amount) {
    accumulation = aaccumulate(date);
    lastDate = date;
    amount = floor(amount * 100 + 0.5) / 100;
    balance += amount;
    total += amount;
    cout << date << "\t#" << id << "\t" << amount << "\t" << balance << endl;
}

void SavingsAccount::deposit(int date, double amount) {
    record(date, amount);
}

void SavingsAccount::withraw(int date, double amount) {
    if (amount > getBalance()) {
        cout << "Error:not enough money" << endl;
    }
    else
        record(date, -amount);
}

void SavingsAccount::settle(int date) {
    double interest = aaccumulate(date) * rate / 365;
    if (interest != 0)
        record(date, interest);
    accumulation = 0;
}

void SavingsAccount::show() {
    cout << "#" << id << "\tBalance: " << balance;
}

5_11.cpp

#include<iostream>
#include<cmath>
#include"account.h"

using namespace std;

int main() {
    SavingsAccount sa0(1, 21325302, 0.015);
    SavingsAccount sa1(1, 58320212, 0.015);

    sa0.deposit(5, 5000);
    sa1.deposit(25, 10000);
    sa0.deposit(45, 5500);
    sa1.withraw (60, 4000);

    sa0.settle(90);
    sa1.settle(90);

    sa0.show(); cout << endl;
    sa1.show(); cout << endl;
    cout << "Total: " << SavingsAccount::getTotal() << endl;
}

執行結果截圖