Java NIO 通道

xiaosong_2016發表於2017-12-10
一、通道(Channel):用於源節點與目標節點的連線。在 Java NIO 中負責緩衝區中資料的傳輸。Channel 本身不儲存資料,因此需要配合緩衝區進行傳輸。
 
  二、通道的主要實現類
   java.nio.channels.Channel 介面:
   |--FileChannel
   |--SocketChannel
   |--ServerSocketChannel
   |--DatagramChannel
  
  三、獲取通道
  1. Java 針對支援通道的類提供了 getChannel() 方法
   本地 IO:
   FileInputStream/FileOutputStream
   RandomAccessFile
 
   網路IO:
   Socket
   ServerSocket
   DatagramSocket

  2. 在 JDK 1.7 中的 NIO.2 針對各個通道提供了靜態方法 open()
  3. 在 JDK 1.7 中的 NIO.2 的 Files 工具類的 newByteChannel()
  
  四、通道之間的資料傳輸
  transferFrom()
  transferTo()
  
  五、分散(Scatter)與聚集(Gather)
  分散讀取(Scattering Reads):將通道中的資料分散到多個緩衝區中
  聚集寫入(Gathering Writes):將多個緩衝區中的資料聚集到通道中
  
  六、字符集:Charset
  編碼:字串 -> 位元組陣列

  解碼:位元組陣列  -> 字串


//利用通道完成檔案的複製(非直接緩衝區)
public void test1(){
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();

FileInputStream fis = null;
FileOutputStream fos = null;
//①獲取通道
FileChannel inChannel = null;
FileChannel outChannel = null;
try {
fis = new FileInputStream("d:/1.mkv");
fos = new FileOutputStream("d:/2.mkv");

inChannel = fis.getChannel();
outChannel = fos.getChannel();

//②分配指定大小的緩衝區
ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);

//③將通道中的資料存入緩衝區中
while(inChannel.read(buf) != -1){
buf.flip(); //切換讀取資料的模式
//④將緩衝區中的資料寫入通道中
outChannel.write(buf);
buf.clear(); //清空緩衝區
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if(outChannel != null){
try {
outChannel.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}

if(inChannel != null){
try {
inChannel.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}

if(fos != null){
try {
fos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}

if(fis != null){
try {
fis.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("耗費時間為:" + (end - start));

}

//使用通道完成檔案的複製(直接緩衝區 記憶體對映檔案)
public void test2() throws IOException{//2127-1902-1777
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();

FileChannel inChannel = FileChannel.open(Paths.get("d:/1.mkv"), StandardOpenOption.READ);
FileChannel outChannel = FileChannel.open(Paths.get("d:/2.mkv"), StandardOpenOption.WRITE, StandardOpenOption.READ, StandardOpenOption.CREATE);

//記憶體對映檔案
MappedByteBuffer inMappedBuf = inChannel.map(MapMode.READ_ONLY, 0, inChannel.size());
MappedByteBuffer outMappedBuf = outChannel.map(MapMode.READ_WRITE, 0, inChannel.size());

//直接對緩衝區進行資料的讀寫操作
byte[] dst = new byte[inMappedBuf.limit()];
inMappedBuf.get(dst);
outMappedBuf.put(dst);

inChannel.close();
outChannel.close();

long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("耗費時間為:" + (end - start));
}

//通道之間的資料傳輸(直接緩衝區)
   
public void test3() throws IOException{
FileChannel inChannel = FileChannel.open(Paths.get("d:/1.mkv"), StandardOpenOption.READ);
FileChannel outChannel = FileChannel.open(Paths.get("d:/2.mkv"), StandardOpenOption.WRITE, StandardOpenOption.READ, StandardOpenOption.CREATE);

// inChannel.transferTo(0, inChannel.size(), outChannel);
outChannel.transferFrom(inChannel, 0, inChannel.size());

inChannel.close();
outChannel.close();
}

//分散和聚集
public void test4() throws IOException{
RandomAccessFile raf1 = new RandomAccessFile("1.txt", "rw");

//1. 獲取通道
FileChannel channel1 = raf1.getChannel();

//2. 分配指定大小的緩衝區
ByteBuffer buf1 = ByteBuffer.allocate(100);
ByteBuffer buf2 = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);

//3. 分散讀取
ByteBuffer[] bufs = {buf1, buf2};
channel1.read(bufs);

for (ByteBuffer byteBuffer : bufs) {
byteBuffer.flip();
}

System.out.println(new String(bufs[0].array(), 0, bufs[0].limit()));
System.out.println("-----------------");
System.out.println(new String(bufs[1].array(), 0, bufs[1].limit()));

//4. 聚集寫入
RandomAccessFile raf2 = new RandomAccessFile("2.txt", "rw");
FileChannel channel2 = raf2.getChannel();

channel2.write(bufs);
}

//獲取所有字符集

public void test5(){
Map<String, Charset> map = Charset.availableCharsets();

Set<Entry<String, Charset>> set = map.entrySet();

for (Entry<String, Charset> entry : set) {
System.out.println(entry.getKey() + "=" + entry.getValue());
}
}

//字符集
public void test6() throws IOException{
Charset cs1 = Charset.forName("GBK");

//獲取編碼器
CharsetEncoder ce = cs1.newEncoder();

//獲取解碼器
CharsetDecoder cd = cs1.newDecoder();

CharBuffer cBuf = CharBuffer.allocate(1024);
cBuf.put("Java NIO學習!");
cBuf.flip();

//編碼
ByteBuffer bBuf = ce.encode(cBuf);

for (int i = 0; i < 12; i++) {
System.out.println(bBuf.get());
}

//解碼
bBuf.flip();
CharBuffer cBuf2 = cd.decode(bBuf);
System.out.println(cBuf2.toString());

System.out.println("------------------------------------------------------");

Charset cs2 = Charset.forName("GBK");
bBuf.flip();
CharBuffer cBuf3 = cs2.decode(bBuf);
System.out.println(cBuf3.toString());
}