【譯】.NET 7 中的效能改進（一）

鄭子銘發表於2023-02-19

原文 | Stephen Toub

翻譯 | 鄭子銘

一年前，我釋出了.NET 6 中的效能改進，緊接著是.NET 5、.NET Core 3.0、.NET Core 2.1和.NET Core 2.0的類似帖子。我喜歡寫這些帖子，也喜歡閱讀開發人員對它們的回覆。去年的一條評論特別引起了我的共鳴。評論者引用了虎膽龍威的電影名言，“'當亞歷山大看到他的領域的廣度時，他為沒有更多的世界可以征服而哭泣'”，並質疑 .NET 的效能改進是否相似。水井榦涸了嗎？是否沒有更多的“[效能]世界可以征服”？我有點頭暈地說，即使 .NET 6 有多快，.NET 7 明確地強調了可以做的和已經做的更多。

與以前版本的 .NET 一樣，效能是遍及整個堆疊的關鍵焦點，無論是明確為效能建立的功能，還是在設計和實現時仍牢記效能的非效能相關功能。現在 .NET 7 候選版本即將釋出，現在是討論其中大部分內容的好時機。在過去的一年中，每次我審查可能對效能產生積極影響的 PR 時，我都會將該連結複製到我維護的期刊中，以便撰寫這篇文章。幾周前，當我坐下來寫這篇文章時，我看到了一份包含近 1000 個影響效能的 PR 的列表（在釋出的 7000 多個 PR 中），我很高興與您分享其中的近500個。

在我們深入探討之前先想一想。在過去的幾年裡，我收到了一些奇怪的負面反饋，關於我一些以效能為中心的文章的長度，雖然我不同意這些批評，但我尊重他們的意見。因此，今年，將此視為“選擇你自己的探險”。如果您來這裡只是為了尋找一個超短的探險，一個提供頂級摘要和核心資訊的探險，以節省您在這裡的時間，我很樂意為您效勞：

TL;DR：.NET 7 很快。真的很快。上千個影響效能的 PR 進入了這個版本的執行時和核心庫，更不用說 ASP.NET Core 和 Windows Forms 以及 Entity Framework 和其他方面的所有改進。它是有史以來最快的 .NET。如果你的經理問你為什麼你的專案應該升級到 .NET 7，你可以說“除了版本中的所有新功能之外，.NET 7 超級快。”

或者，如果您更喜歡稍微長一點的探險，其中充滿了有趣的以效能為中心的資料塊，請考慮瀏覽一下帖子，尋找小程式碼片段和相應的表格，這些表格顯示了大量可衡量的效能改進。到那時，你也可能會昂首闊步地走開並表達我的謝意。

兩條提到的路徑都實現了我花時間寫這些帖子的主要目標之一，以突出下一個版本的偉大之處並鼓勵大家嘗試一下。但是，我對這些帖子也有其他目標。我希望每個感興趣的人在看完這篇文章後，都能對.NET是如何實現的，為什麼會做出各種決定，評估了各種權衡，採用了哪些技術，考慮了哪些演算法，以及利用了哪些有價值的工具和方法來使.NET比以前更快。我希望開發人員從我們自己的學習中學習，並找到將這些新發現的知識應用到他們自己的程式碼庫中的方法，從而進一步提高生態系統中程式碼的整體效能。我希望開發人員多做一些工作，考慮在他們下次處理棘手問題時尋求探查器，考慮檢視他們正在使用的元件的原始碼以更好地理解如何使用它，並考慮重新審視以前的假設和決策以確定它們是否仍然準確和適當。我希望開發人員對提交 PR 以改進 .NET 的前景感到興奮，不僅是為了他們自己，也是為了全球使用 .NET 的每個開發人員。如果其中任何一個聽起來很有趣，那麼我鼓勵您選擇最後一個探險：準備一瓶您最喜歡的熱飲，放鬆一下，盡情享受吧。

哦，請不要把這個列印到紙上。"列印成PDF "告訴我這將需要三分之一的卷軸。如果你想要一個格式很好的PDF，這裡有一個可以下載。

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">

  <PropertyGroup>
    <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
    <TargetFrameworks>net7.0;net6.0</TargetFrameworks>
    <LangVersion>Preview</LangVersion>
    <AllowUnsafeBlocks>true</AllowUnsafeBlocks>
    <ServerGarbageCollection>true</ServerGarbageCollection>
  </PropertyGroup>

  <ItemGroup>
    <PackageReference Include="benchmarkdotnet" Version="0.13.2" />
  </ItemGroup>

</Project>

以及 Program.cs 的內容：

using BenchmarkDotNet.Attributes;
using BenchmarkDotNet.Running;
using Microsoft.Win32;
using System;
using System.Buffers;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Collections.Immutable;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.IO;
using System.IO.Compression;
using System.IO.MemoryMappedFiles;
using System.IO.Pipes;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Net.Http.Headers;
using System.Net.Security;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Numerics;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Runtime.Intrinsics;
using System.Security.Authentication;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates;
using System.Text;
using System.Text.Json;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Xml;

[MemoryDiagnoser(displayGenColumns: false)]
[DisassemblyDiagnoser]
[HideColumns("Error", "StdDev", "Median", "RatioSD")]
public partial class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args) => BenchmarkSwitcher.FromAssembly(typeof(Program).Assembly).Run(args);

    // ... copy [Benchmark]s here
}

對於本文中包含的每個基準測試，您只需將程式碼複製並貼上到該測試類中，然後執行基準測試。例如，要執行基準比較 .NET 6 和 .NET 7 上的效能，請執行以下操作：

dotnet run -c Release -f net6.0 --filter '**' --runtimes net6.0 net7.0

此命令表示“在針對 .NET 6 表面區域的釋出配置中構建基準測試，然後在 .NET 6 和 .NET 7 上執行所有基準測試。”或者只在 .NET 7 上執行：

dotnet run -c Release -f net7.0 --filter '**' --runtimes net7.0

它針對 .NET 7 表面區域構建，然後只針對 .NET 7 執行一次。您可以在任何 Windows、Linux 或 macOS 上執行此操作。除非另有說明（例如，改進是針對 Unix 的，我在 Linux 上執行基準測試），否則我分享的結果是在 Windows 11 64 位上記錄的，但不是特定於 Windows 的，並且應該在另一個上顯示類似的相對差異作業系統也是如此。

第一個 .NET 7 候選版本即將釋出。這篇文章中的所有測量值都是透過最近的 .NET 7 RC1 每日構建收集的。

另外，我的標準警告：這些是微觀的基準測試。預計不同的硬體、不同版本的作業系統以及目前的風向都會影響相關的數字。你的里程數可能會有所不同。

JIT

我想透過討論一些本身並不是效能改進的東西來開始對實時 (Just-In-Time) (JIT) 編譯器中效能改進的討論。在微調較低階別的效能敏感程式碼時，能夠準確理解 JIT 生成的彙編程式碼至關重要。有多種方法可以獲取該彙編程式碼。線上工具 sharplab.io 對此非常有用（感謝@ashmind 提供此工具）；然而，它目前只針對一個版本，所以在我寫這篇文章時，我只能看到 .NET 6 的輸出，這使得它很難用於 A/B 比較。 godbolt.org 對此也很有價值，在@hez2010 的 compiler-explorer/compiler-explorer#3168 中新增了 C# 支援，具有類似的限制。最靈活的解決方案涉及在本地獲取該彙編程式碼，因為它可以將您想要的任何版本或本地構建與您需要的任何配置和開關集進行比較。

一種常見的方法是使用 benchmarkdotnet 中的 [DisassemblyDiagnoser]。只需將 [DisassemblyDiagnoser] 屬性新增到您的測試類上：benchmarkdotnet 將找到為您的測試生成的彙編程式碼以及它們呼叫的一些深度函式，並以人類可讀的形式轉儲找到的彙編程式碼。例如，如果我執行這個測試：

using BenchmarkDotNet.Attributes;
using BenchmarkDotNet.Running;
using System;

[DisassemblyDiagnoser]
public partial class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args) => BenchmarkSwitcher.FromAssembly(typeof(Program).Assembly).Run(args);

    private int _a = 42, _b = 84;

    [Benchmark]
    public int Min() => Math.Min(_a, _b);
}

和

dotnet run -c Release -f net7.0 --filter '**'

除了執行所有正常的測試執行和計時之外，benchmarkdotnet 還輸出一個包含以下內容的 Program-asm.md 檔案：

; Program.Min()
       mov       eax,[rcx+8]
       mov       edx,[rcx+0C]
       cmp       eax,edx
       jg        short M00_L01
       mov       edx,eax
M00_L00:
       mov       eax,edx
       ret
M00_L01:
       jmp       short M00_L00
; Total bytes of code 17

很簡約。這種支援最近在 dotnet/benchmarkdotnet#2072 中得到了進一步改進，它允許將命令列上的過濾器列表傳遞給 benchmarkdotnet，以準確地告訴它應該轉儲哪些方法的彙編程式碼。

如果你能得到.NET執行時的 "除錯 "或 "檢查 "版本（"檢查 "是指已啟用最佳化但仍包括斷言的版本），特別是clrjit.dll，另一個有價值的方法是設定一個環境變數，使JIT本身吐出它發出的所有彙編程式碼的人類可讀描述。這可以用於任何型別的應用程式，因為它是JIT本身的一部分，而不是任何特定工具或其他環境的一部分，它支援顯示JIT每次生成程式碼時產生的程式碼（例如，如果它首先編譯一個沒有最佳化的方法，然後用最佳化重新編譯），總的來說，它是最準確的彙編程式碼圖片，因為它 "直接來自馬嘴"，如它。當然，最大的缺點是它需要一個非釋出版的執行時，這通常意味著你需要從dotnet/runtime repo中的原始碼自己構建它。

……直到 .NET 7，也就是說。從 dotnet/runtime#73365 開始，此程式集轉儲支援現在也可在釋出版本中使用，這意味著它只是 .NET 7 的一部分，您不需要任何特殊的東西即可使用它。要看到這一點，請嘗試建立一個簡單的“hello world”應用程式，例如：

using System;

class Program
{
    public static void Main() => Console.WriteLine("Hello, world!");
}

並構建它（例如 dotnet build -c Release）。然後，將 DOTNET_JitDisasm 環境變數設定為我們關心的方法的名稱，在本例中為“Main”（允許的確切語法更為寬鬆，並允許使用萬用字元、可選的名稱空間和類名等）。當我使用 PowerShell 時，這意味著：

$env:DOTNET_JitDisasm="Main"

然後執行應用程式。您應該會在控制檯看到類似這樣的程式碼輸出：

; Assembly listing for method Program:Main()
; Emitting BLENDED_CODE for X64 CPU with AVX - Windows
; Tier-0 compilation
; MinOpts code
; rbp based frame
; partially interruptible

G_M000_IG01:                ;; offset=0000H
       55                   push     rbp
       4883EC20             sub      rsp, 32
       488D6C2420           lea      rbp, [rsp+20H]

G_M000_IG02:                ;; offset=000AH
       48B9D820400A8E010000 mov      rcx, 0x18E0A4020D8
       488B09               mov      rcx, gword ptr [rcx]
       FF1583B31000         call     [Console:WriteLine(String)]
       90                   nop

G_M000_IG03:                ;; offset=001EH
       4883C420             add      rsp, 32
       5D                   pop      rbp
       C3                   ret

; Total bytes of code 36

Hello, world!

這對效能分析和調整有不可估量的幫助，甚至對於像 "我的函式是否被內聯 "或 "我期望被最佳化掉的這段程式碼是否真的被最佳化掉了 "這樣簡單的問題。在這篇文章的其餘部分，我將包括由這兩種機制之一產生的彙編片段，以幫助說明概念。

請注意，確定指定什麼名稱作為 DOTNET_JitDisasm 的值有時會有點混亂，尤其是當您關心的方法是 C# 編譯器命名或名稱混淆的方法時（因為 JIT 只看到 IL 和後設資料，而不是原始的 C#)，例如具有頂級語句的程式的入口點方法的名稱、本地函式的名稱等。為了幫助解決這個問題並提供 JIT 正在執行的工作的真正有價值的頂級檢視，.NET 7還支援新的 DOTNET_JitDisasmSummary 環境變數（在 dotnet/runtime#74090 中引入）。將其設定為“1”，這將導致 JIT 每次編譯一個方法時都會發出一行，包括該方法的名稱，該名稱可使用 DOTNET_JitDisasm 進行復制/貼上。但是，此功能本身很有用，因為它可以快速突出顯示正在編譯的內容、時間和設定。例如，如果我設定環境變數然後執行“hello, world”控制檯應用程式，我會得到以下輸出：

   1: JIT compiled CastHelpers:StelemRef(Array,long,Object) [Tier1, IL size=88, code size=93]
   2: JIT compiled CastHelpers:LdelemaRef(Array,long,long):byref [Tier1, IL size=44, code size=44]
   3: JIT compiled SpanHelpers:IndexOfNullCharacter(byref):int [Tier1, IL size=792, code size=388]
   4: JIT compiled Program:Main() [Tier0, IL size=11, code size=36]
   5: JIT compiled ASCIIUtility:NarrowUtf16ToAscii(long,long,long):long [Tier0, IL size=490, code size=1187]
Hello, world!

我們可以看到，對於“hello, world”，只有 5 個方法實際得到了 JIT 編譯。當然還有更多的方法作為簡單的“hello, world”的一部分執行，但幾乎所有方法都有預編譯的本機程式碼，作為核心庫的“準備執行 (Ready To Run)”(R2R) 映像的一部分可用。上面列表中的前三個（StelemRef、LdelemaRef 和 IndexOfNullCharacter）沒有，因為它們透過使用 [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveOptimization)] 屬性明確選擇退出 R2R（儘管有名稱，但這個屬性幾乎不應該是使用，並且僅出於非常特定的原因在核心庫中的幾個非常特定的地方使用）。然後是我們的 Main 方法。最後是 NarrowUtf16ToAscii 方法，它也沒有 R2R 程式碼，因為使用了可變寬度的 Vector（稍後會詳細介紹）。執行的所有其他方法都不需要 JIT。如果我們先將 DOTNET_ReadyToRun 環境變數設定為 0，則列表會更長，並且讓您很好地瞭解 JIT 在啟動時需要做什麼（以及為什麼像 R2R 這樣的技術對啟動時間很重要）。注意在輸出“hello, world”之前編譯了多少方法：

   1: JIT compiled CastHelpers:StelemRef(Array,long,Object) [Tier1, IL size=88, code size=93]
   2: JIT compiled CastHelpers:LdelemaRef(Array,long,long):byref [Tier1, IL size=44, code size=44]
   3: JIT compiled AppContext:Setup(long,long,int) [Tier0, IL size=68, code size=275]
   4: JIT compiled Dictionary`2:.ctor(int):this [Tier0, IL size=9, code size=40]
   5: JIT compiled Dictionary`2:.ctor(int,IEqualityComparer`1):this [Tier0, IL size=102, code size=444]
   6: JIT compiled Object:.ctor():this [Tier0, IL size=1, code size=10]
   7: JIT compiled Dictionary`2:Initialize(int):int:this [Tier0, IL size=56, code size=231]
   8: JIT compiled HashHelpers:GetPrime(int):int [Tier0, IL size=83, code size=379]
   9: JIT compiled HashHelpers:.cctor() [Tier0, IL size=24, code size=102]
  10: JIT compiled HashHelpers:GetFastModMultiplier(int):long [Tier0, IL size=9, code size=37]
  11: JIT compiled Type:GetTypeFromHandle(RuntimeTypeHandle):Type [Tier0, IL size=8, code size=14]
  12: JIT compiled Type:op_Equality(Type,Type):bool [Tier0, IL size=38, code size=143]
  13: JIT compiled NonRandomizedStringEqualityComparer:GetStringComparer(Object):IEqualityComparer`1 [Tier0, IL size=39, code size=170]
  14: JIT compiled NonRandomizedStringEqualityComparer:.cctor() [Tier0, IL size=46, code size=232]
  15: JIT compiled EqualityComparer`1:get_Default():EqualityComparer`1 [Tier0, IL size=6, code size=36]
  16: JIT compiled EqualityComparer`1:.cctor() [Tier0, IL size=26, code size=125]
  17: JIT compiled ComparerHelpers:CreateDefaultEqualityComparer(Type):Object [Tier0, IL size=235, code size=949]
  18: JIT compiled CastHelpers:ChkCastClass(long,Object):Object [Tier0, IL size=22, code size=72]
  19: JIT compiled RuntimeHelpers:GetMethodTable(Object):long [Tier0, IL size=11, code size=33]
  20: JIT compiled CastHelpers:IsInstanceOfClass(long,Object):Object [Tier0, IL size=97, code size=257]
  21: JIT compiled GenericEqualityComparer`1:.ctor():this [Tier0, IL size=7, code size=31]
  22: JIT compiled EqualityComparer`1:.ctor():this [Tier0, IL size=7, code size=31]
  23: JIT compiled CastHelpers:ChkCastClassSpecial(long,Object):Object [Tier0, IL size=87, code size=246]
  24: JIT compiled OrdinalComparer:.ctor(IEqualityComparer`1):this [Tier0, IL size=8, code size=39]
  25: JIT compiled NonRandomizedStringEqualityComparer:.ctor(IEqualityComparer`1):this [Tier0, IL size=14, code size=52]
  26: JIT compiled StringComparer:get_Ordinal():StringComparer [Tier0, IL size=6, code size=49]
  27: JIT compiled OrdinalCaseSensitiveComparer:.cctor() [Tier0, IL size=11, code size=71]
  28: JIT compiled OrdinalCaseSensitiveComparer:.ctor():this [Tier0, IL size=8, code size=33]
  29: JIT compiled OrdinalComparer:.ctor(bool):this [Tier0, IL size=14, code size=43]
  30: JIT compiled StringComparer:.ctor():this [Tier0, IL size=7, code size=31]
  31: JIT compiled StringComparer:get_OrdinalIgnoreCase():StringComparer [Tier0, IL size=6, code size=49]
  32: JIT compiled OrdinalIgnoreCaseComparer:.cctor() [Tier0, IL size=11, code size=71]
  33: JIT compiled OrdinalIgnoreCaseComparer:.ctor():this [Tier0, IL size=8, code size=36]
  34: JIT compiled OrdinalIgnoreCaseComparer:.ctor(IEqualityComparer`1):this [Tier0, IL size=8, code size=39]
  35: JIT compiled CastHelpers:ChkCastAny(long,Object):Object [Tier0, IL size=38, code size=115]
  36: JIT compiled CastHelpers:TryGet(long,long):int [Tier0, IL size=129, code size=308]
  37: JIT compiled CastHelpers:TableData(ref):byref [Tier0, IL size=7, code size=31]
  38: JIT compiled MemoryMarshal:GetArrayDataReference(ref):byref [Tier0, IL size=7, code size=24]
  39: JIT compiled CastHelpers:KeyToBucket(byref,long,long):int [Tier0, IL size=38, code size=87]
  40: JIT compiled CastHelpers:HashShift(byref):int [Tier0, IL size=3, code size=16]
  41: JIT compiled BitOperations:RotateLeft(long,int):long [Tier0, IL size=17, code size=23]
  42: JIT compiled CastHelpers:Element(byref,int):byref [Tier0, IL size=15, code size=33]
  43: JIT compiled Volatile:Read(byref):int [Tier0, IL size=6, code size=16]
  44: JIT compiled String:Ctor(long):String [Tier0, IL size=57, code size=155]
  45: JIT compiled String:wcslen(long):int [Tier0, IL size=7, code size=31]
  46: JIT compiled SpanHelpers:IndexOfNullCharacter(byref):int [Tier1, IL size=792, code size=388]
  47: JIT compiled String:get_Length():int:this [Tier0, IL size=7, code size=17]
  48: JIT compiled Buffer:Memmove(byref,byref,long) [Tier0, IL size=59, code size=102]
  49: JIT compiled RuntimeHelpers:IsReferenceOrContainsReferences():bool [Tier0, IL size=2, code size=8]
  50: JIT compiled Buffer:Memmove(byref,byref,long) [Tier0, IL size=480, code size=678]
  51: JIT compiled Dictionary`2:Add(__Canon,__Canon):this [Tier0, IL size=11, code size=55]
  52: JIT compiled Dictionary`2:TryInsert(__Canon,__Canon,ubyte):bool:this [Tier0, IL size=675, code size=2467]
  53: JIT compiled OrdinalComparer:GetHashCode(String):int:this [Tier0, IL size=7, code size=37]
  54: JIT compiled String:GetNonRandomizedHashCode():int:this [Tier0, IL size=110, code size=290]
  55: JIT compiled BitOperations:RotateLeft(int,int):int [Tier0, IL size=17, code size=20]
  56: JIT compiled Dictionary`2:GetBucket(int):byref:this [Tier0, IL size=29, code size=90]
  57: JIT compiled HashHelpers:FastMod(int,int,long):int [Tier0, IL size=20, code size=70]
  58: JIT compiled Type:get_IsValueType():bool:this [Tier0, IL size=7, code size=39]
  59: JIT compiled RuntimeType:IsValueTypeImpl():bool:this [Tier0, IL size=54, code size=158]
  60: JIT compiled RuntimeType:GetNativeTypeHandle():TypeHandle:this [Tier0, IL size=12, code size=48]
  61: JIT compiled TypeHandle:.ctor(long):this [Tier0, IL size=8, code size=25]
  62: JIT compiled TypeHandle:get_IsTypeDesc():bool:this [Tier0, IL size=14, code size=38]
  63: JIT compiled TypeHandle:AsMethodTable():long:this [Tier0, IL size=7, code size=17]
  64: JIT compiled MethodTable:get_IsValueType():bool:this [Tier0, IL size=20, code size=32]
  65: JIT compiled GC:KeepAlive(Object) [Tier0, IL size=1, code size=10]
  66: JIT compiled Buffer:_Memmove(byref,byref,long) [Tier0, IL size=25, code size=279]
  67: JIT compiled Environment:InitializeCommandLineArgs(long,int,long):ref [Tier0, IL size=75, code size=332]
  68: JIT compiled Environment:.cctor() [Tier0, IL size=11, code size=163]
  69: JIT compiled StartupHookProvider:ProcessStartupHooks() [Tier-0 switched to FullOpts, IL size=365, code size=1053]
  70: JIT compiled StartupHookProvider:get_IsSupported():bool [Tier0, IL size=18, code size=60]
  71: JIT compiled AppContext:TryGetSwitch(String,byref):bool [Tier0, IL size=97, code size=322]
  72: JIT compiled ArgumentException:ThrowIfNullOrEmpty(String,String) [Tier0, IL size=16, code size=53]
  73: JIT compiled String:IsNullOrEmpty(String):bool [Tier0, IL size=15, code size=58]
  74: JIT compiled AppContext:GetData(String):Object [Tier0, IL size=64, code size=205]
  75: JIT compiled ArgumentNullException:ThrowIfNull(Object,String) [Tier0, IL size=10, code size=42]
  76: JIT compiled Monitor:Enter(Object,byref) [Tier0, IL size=17, code size=55]
  77: JIT compiled Dictionary`2:TryGetValue(__Canon,byref):bool:this [Tier0, IL size=39, code size=97]
  78: JIT compiled Dictionary`2:FindValue(__Canon):byref:this [Tier0, IL size=391, code size=1466]
  79: JIT compiled EventSource:.cctor() [Tier0, IL size=34, code size=80]
  80: JIT compiled EventSource:InitializeIsSupported():bool [Tier0, IL size=18, code size=60]
  81: JIT compiled RuntimeEventSource:.ctor():this [Tier0, IL size=55, code size=184]
  82: JIT compiled Guid:.ctor(int,short,short,ubyte,ubyte,ubyte,ubyte,ubyte,ubyte,ubyte,ubyte):this [Tier0, IL size=86, code size=132]
  83: JIT compiled EventSource:.ctor(Guid,String):this [Tier0, IL size=11, code size=90]
  84: JIT compiled EventSource:.ctor(Guid,String,int,ref):this [Tier0, IL size=58, code size=187]
  85: JIT compiled EventSource:get_IsSupported():bool [Tier0, IL size=6, code size=11]
  86: JIT compiled TraceLoggingEventHandleTable:.ctor():this [Tier0, IL size=20, code size=67]
  87: JIT compiled EventSource:ValidateSettings(int):int [Tier0, IL size=37, code size=147]
  88: JIT compiled EventSource:Initialize(Guid,String,ref):this [Tier0, IL size=418, code size=1584]
  89: JIT compiled Guid:op_Equality(Guid,Guid):bool [Tier0, IL size=10, code size=39]
  90: JIT compiled Guid:EqualsCore(byref,byref):bool [Tier0, IL size=132, code size=171]
  91: JIT compiled ActivityTracker:get_Instance():ActivityTracker [Tier0, IL size=6, code size=49]
  92: JIT compiled ActivityTracker:.cctor() [Tier0, IL size=11, code size=71]
  93: JIT compiled ActivityTracker:.ctor():this [Tier0, IL size=7, code size=31]
  94: JIT compiled RuntimeEventSource:get_ProviderMetadata():ReadOnlySpan`1:this [Tier0, IL size=13, code size=91]
  95: JIT compiled ReadOnlySpan`1:.ctor(long,int):this [Tier0, IL size=51, code size=115]
  96: JIT compiled RuntimeHelpers:IsReferenceOrContainsReferences():bool [Tier0, IL size=2, code size=8]
  97: JIT compiled ReadOnlySpan`1:get_Length():int:this [Tier0, IL size=7, code size=17]
  98: JIT compiled OverrideEventProvider:.ctor(EventSource,int):this [Tier0, IL size=22, code size=68]
  99: JIT compiled EventProvider:.ctor(int):this [Tier0, IL size=46, code size=194]
 100: JIT compiled EtwEventProvider:.ctor():this [Tier0, IL size=7, code size=31]
 101: JIT compiled EventProvider:Register(EventSource):this [Tier0, IL size=48, code size=186]
 102: JIT compiled MulticastDelegate:CtorClosed(Object,long):this [Tier0, IL size=23, code size=70]
 103: JIT compiled EventProvider:EventRegister(EventSource,EtwEnableCallback):int:this [Tier0, IL size=53, code size=154]
 104: JIT compiled EventSource:get_Name():String:this [Tier0, IL size=7, code size=18]
 105: JIT compiled EventSource:get_Guid():Guid:this [Tier0, IL size=7, code size=41]
 106: JIT compiled EtwEventProvider:System.Diagnostics.Tracing.IEventProvider.EventRegister(EventSource,EtwEnableCallback,long,byref):int:this [Tier0, IL size=19, code size=71]
 107: JIT compiled Advapi32:EventRegister(byref,EtwEnableCallback,long,byref):int [Tier0, IL size=53, code size=374]
 108: JIT compiled Marshal:GetFunctionPointerForDelegate(__Canon):long [Tier0, IL size=17, code size=54]
 109: JIT compiled Marshal:GetFunctionPointerForDelegate(Delegate):long [Tier0, IL size=18, code size=53]
 110: JIT compiled EventPipeEventProvider:.ctor():this [Tier0, IL size=18, code size=41]
 111: JIT compiled EventListener:get_EventListenersLock():Object [Tier0, IL size=41, code size=157]
 112: JIT compiled List`1:.ctor(int):this [Tier0, IL size=47, code size=275]
 113: JIT compiled Interlocked:CompareExchange(byref,__Canon,__Canon):__Canon [Tier0, IL size=9, code size=50]
 114: JIT compiled NativeRuntimeEventSource:.cctor() [Tier0, IL size=11, code size=71]
 115: JIT compiled NativeRuntimeEventSource:.ctor():this [Tier0, IL size=63, code size=184]
 116: JIT compiled Guid:.ctor(int,ushort,ushort,ubyte,ubyte,ubyte,ubyte,ubyte,ubyte,ubyte,ubyte):this [Tier0, IL size=88, code size=132]
 117: JIT compiled NativeRuntimeEventSource:get_ProviderMetadata():ReadOnlySpan`1:this [Tier0, IL size=13, code size=91]
 118: JIT compiled EventPipeEventProvider:System.Diagnostics.Tracing.IEventProvider.EventRegister(EventSource,EtwEnableCallback,long,byref):int:this [Tier0, IL size=44, code size=118]
 119: JIT compiled EventPipeInternal:CreateProvider(String,EtwEnableCallback):long [Tier0, IL size=43, code size=320]
 120: JIT compiled Utf16StringMarshaller:GetPinnableReference(String):byref [Tier0, IL size=13, code size=50]
 121: JIT compiled String:GetPinnableReference():byref:this [Tier0, IL size=7, code size=24]
 122: JIT compiled EventListener:AddEventSource(EventSource) [Tier0, IL size=175, code size=560]
 123: JIT compiled List`1:get_Count():int:this [Tier0, IL size=7, code size=17]
 124: JIT compiled WeakReference`1:.ctor(__Canon):this [Tier0, IL size=9, code size=42]
 125: JIT compiled WeakReference`1:.ctor(__Canon,bool):this [Tier0, IL size=15, code size=60]
 126: JIT compiled List`1:Add(__Canon):this [Tier0, IL size=60, code size=124]
 127: JIT compiled String:op_Inequality(String,String):bool [Tier0, IL size=11, code size=46]
 128: JIT compiled String:Equals(String,String):bool [Tier0, IL size=36, code size=114]
 129: JIT compiled ReadOnlySpan`1:GetPinnableReference():byref:this [Tier0, IL size=23, code size=57]
 130: JIT compiled EventProvider:SetInformation(int,long,int):int:this [Tier0, IL size=38, code size=131]
 131: JIT compiled ILStubClass:IL_STUB_PInvoke(long,int,long,int):int [FullOpts, IL size=62, code size=170]
 132: JIT compiled Program:Main() [Tier0, IL size=11, code size=36]
 133: JIT compiled Console:WriteLine(String) [Tier0, IL size=12, code size=59]
 134: JIT compiled Console:get_Out():TextWriter [Tier0, IL size=20, code size=113]
 135: JIT compiled Console:.cctor() [Tier0, IL size=11, code size=71]
 136: JIT compiled Volatile:Read(byref):__Canon [Tier0, IL size=6, code size=21]
 137: JIT compiled Console:<get_Out>g__EnsureInitialized|26_0():TextWriter [Tier0, IL size=63, code size=209]
 138: JIT compiled ConsolePal:OpenStandardOutput():Stream [Tier0, IL size=34, code size=130]
 139: JIT compiled Console:get_OutputEncoding():Encoding [Tier0, IL size=72, code size=237]
 140: JIT compiled ConsolePal:get_OutputEncoding():Encoding [Tier0, IL size=11, code size=200]
 141: JIT compiled NativeLibrary:LoadLibraryCallbackStub(String,Assembly,bool,int):long [Tier0, IL size=63, code size=280]
 142: JIT compiled EncodingHelper:GetSupportedConsoleEncoding(int):Encoding [Tier0, IL size=53, code size=186]
 143: JIT compiled Encoding:GetEncoding(int):Encoding [Tier0, IL size=340, code size=1025]
 144: JIT compiled EncodingProvider:GetEncodingFromProvider(int):Encoding [Tier0, IL size=51, code size=232]
 145: JIT compiled Encoding:FilterDisallowedEncodings(Encoding):Encoding [Tier0, IL size=29, code size=84]
 146: JIT compiled LocalAppContextSwitches:get_EnableUnsafeUTF7Encoding():bool [Tier0, IL size=16, code size=46]
 147: JIT compiled LocalAppContextSwitches:GetCachedSwitchValue(String,byref):bool [Tier0, IL size=22, code size=76]
 148: JIT compiled LocalAppContextSwitches:GetCachedSwitchValueInternal(String,byref):bool [Tier0, IL size=46, code size=168]
 149: JIT compiled LocalAppContextSwitches:GetSwitchDefaultValue(String):bool [Tier0, IL size=32, code size=98]
 150: JIT compiled String:op_Equality(String,String):bool [Tier0, IL size=8, code size=39]
 151: JIT compiled Encoding:get_Default():Encoding [Tier0, IL size=6, code size=49]
 152: JIT compiled Encoding:.cctor() [Tier0, IL size=12, code size=73]
 153: JIT compiled UTF8EncodingSealed:.ctor(bool):this [Tier0, IL size=8, code size=40]
 154: JIT compiled UTF8Encoding:.ctor(bool):this [Tier0, IL size=14, code size=43]
 155: JIT compiled UTF8Encoding:.ctor():this [Tier0, IL size=12, code size=36]
 156: JIT compiled Encoding:.ctor(int):this [Tier0, IL size=42, code size=152]
 157: JIT compiled UTF8Encoding:SetDefaultFallbacks():this [Tier0, IL size=64, code size=212]
 158: JIT compiled EncoderReplacementFallback:.ctor(String):this [Tier0, IL size=110, code size=360]
 159: JIT compiled EncoderFallback:.ctor():this [Tier0, IL size=7, code size=31]
 160: JIT compiled String:get_Chars(int):ushort:this [Tier0, IL size=29, code size=61]
 161: JIT compiled Char:IsSurrogate(ushort):bool [Tier0, IL size=17, code size=43]
 162: JIT compiled Char:IsBetween(ushort,ushort,ushort):bool [Tier0, IL size=12, code size=52]
 163: JIT compiled DecoderReplacementFallback:.ctor(String):this [Tier0, IL size=110, code size=360]
 164: JIT compiled DecoderFallback:.ctor():this [Tier0, IL size=7, code size=31]
 165: JIT compiled Encoding:get_CodePage():int:this [Tier0, IL size=7, code size=17]
 166: JIT compiled Encoding:get_UTF8():Encoding [Tier0, IL size=6, code size=49]
 167: JIT compiled UTF8Encoding:.cctor() [Tier0, IL size=12, code size=76]
 168: JIT compiled Volatile:Write(byref,__Canon) [Tier0, IL size=6, code size=32]
 169: JIT compiled ConsolePal:GetStandardFile(int,int,bool):Stream [Tier0, IL size=50, code size=183]
 170: JIT compiled ConsolePal:get_InvalidHandleValue():long [Tier0, IL size=7, code size=41]
 171: JIT compiled IntPtr:.ctor(int):this [Tier0, IL size=9, code size=25]
 172: JIT compiled ConsolePal:ConsoleHandleIsWritable(long):bool [Tier0, IL size=26, code size=68]
 173: JIT compiled Kernel32:WriteFile(long,long,int,byref,long):int [Tier0, IL size=46, code size=294]
 174: JIT compiled Marshal:SetLastSystemError(int) [Tier0, IL size=7, code size=40]
 175: JIT compiled Marshal:GetLastSystemError():int [Tier0, IL size=6, code size=34]
 176: JIT compiled WindowsConsoleStream:.ctor(long,int,bool):this [Tier0, IL size=37, code size=90]
 177: JIT compiled ConsoleStream:.ctor(int):this [Tier0, IL size=31, code size=71]
 178: JIT compiled Stream:.ctor():this [Tier0, IL size=7, code size=31]
 179: JIT compiled MarshalByRefObject:.ctor():this [Tier0, IL size=7, code size=31]
 180: JIT compiled Kernel32:GetFileType(long):int [Tier0, IL size=27, code size=217]
 181: JIT compiled Console:CreateOutputWriter(Stream):TextWriter [Tier0, IL size=50, code size=230]
 182: JIT compiled Stream:.cctor() [Tier0, IL size=11, code size=71]
 183: JIT compiled NullStream:.ctor():this [Tier0, IL size=7, code size=31]
 184: JIT compiled EncodingExtensions:RemovePreamble(Encoding):Encoding [Tier0, IL size=25, code size=118]
 185: JIT compiled UTF8EncodingSealed:get_Preamble():ReadOnlySpan`1:this [Tier0, IL size=24, code size=99]
 186: JIT compiled UTF8Encoding:get_PreambleSpan():ReadOnlySpan`1 [Tier0, IL size=12, code size=87]
 187: JIT compiled ConsoleEncoding:.ctor(Encoding):this [Tier0, IL size=14, code size=52]
 188: JIT compiled Encoding:.ctor():this [Tier0, IL size=8, code size=33]
 189: JIT compiled Encoding:SetDefaultFallbacks():this [Tier0, IL size=23, code size=65]
 190: JIT compiled EncoderFallback:get_ReplacementFallback():EncoderFallback [Tier0, IL size=6, code size=49]
 191: JIT compiled EncoderReplacementFallback:.cctor() [Tier0, IL size=11, code size=71]
 192: JIT compiled EncoderReplacementFallback:.ctor():this [Tier0, IL size=12, code size=44]
 193: JIT compiled DecoderFallback:get_ReplacementFallback():DecoderFallback [Tier0, IL size=6, code size=49]
 194: JIT compiled DecoderReplacementFallback:.cctor() [Tier0, IL size=11, code size=71]
 195: JIT compiled DecoderReplacementFallback:.ctor():this [Tier0, IL size=12, code size=44]
 196: JIT compiled StreamWriter:.ctor(Stream,Encoding,int,bool):this [Tier0, IL size=201, code size=564]
 197: JIT compiled Task:get_CompletedTask():Task [Tier0, IL size=6, code size=49]
 198: JIT compiled Task:.cctor() [Tier0, IL size=76, code size=316]
 199: JIT compiled TaskFactory:.ctor():this [Tier0, IL size=7, code size=31]
 200: JIT compiled Task`1:.ctor(bool,VoidTaskResult,int,CancellationToken):this [Tier0, IL size=21, code size=75]
 201: JIT compiled Task:.ctor(bool,int,CancellationToken):this [Tier0, IL size=70, code size=181]
 202: JIT compiled <>c:.cctor() [Tier0, IL size=11, code size=71]
 203: JIT compiled <>c:.ctor():this [Tier0, IL size=7, code size=31]
 204: JIT compiled TextWriter:.ctor(IFormatProvider):this [Tier0, IL size=36, code size=124]
 205: JIT compiled TextWriter:.cctor() [Tier0, IL size=26, code size=108]
 206: JIT compiled NullTextWriter:.ctor():this [Tier0, IL size=7, code size=31]
 207: JIT compiled TextWriter:.ctor():this [Tier0, IL size=29, code size=103]
 208: JIT compiled String:ToCharArray():ref:this [Tier0, IL size=52, code size=173]
 209: JIT compiled MemoryMarshal:GetArrayDataReference(ref):byref [Tier0, IL size=7, code size=24]
 210: JIT compiled ConsoleStream:get_CanWrite():bool:this [Tier0, IL size=7, code size=18]
 211: JIT compiled ConsoleEncoding:GetEncoder():Encoder:this [Tier0, IL size=12, code size=57]
 212: JIT compiled UTF8Encoding:GetEncoder():Encoder:this [Tier0, IL size=7, code size=63]
 213: JIT compiled EncoderNLS:.ctor(Encoding):this [Tier0, IL size=37, code size=102]
 214: JIT compiled Encoder:.ctor():this [Tier0, IL size=7, code size=31]
 215: JIT compiled Encoding:get_EncoderFallback():EncoderFallback:this [Tier0, IL size=7, code size=18]
 216: JIT compiled EncoderNLS:Reset():this [Tier0, IL size=24, code size=92]
 217: JIT compiled ConsoleStream:get_CanSeek():bool:this [Tier0, IL size=2, code size=12]
 218: JIT compiled StreamWriter:set_AutoFlush(bool):this [Tier0, IL size=25, code size=72]
 219: JIT compiled StreamWriter:CheckAsyncTaskInProgress():this [Tier0, IL size=19, code size=47]
 220: JIT compiled Task:get_IsCompleted():bool:this [Tier0, IL size=16, code size=40]
 221: JIT compiled Task:IsCompletedMethod(int):bool [Tier0, IL size=11, code size=25]
 222: JIT compiled StreamWriter:Flush(bool,bool):this [Tier0, IL size=272, code size=1127]
 223: JIT compiled StreamWriter:ThrowIfDisposed():this [Tier0, IL size=15, code size=43]
 224: JIT compiled Encoding:get_Preamble():ReadOnlySpan`1:this [Tier0, IL size=12, code size=70]
 225: JIT compiled ConsoleEncoding:GetPreamble():ref:this [Tier0, IL size=6, code size=27]
 226: JIT compiled Array:Empty():ref [Tier0, IL size=6, code size=49]
 227: JIT compiled EmptyArray`1:.cctor() [Tier0, IL size=12, code size=52]
 228: JIT compiled ReadOnlySpan`1:op_Implicit(ref):ReadOnlySpan`1 [Tier0, IL size=7, code size=79]
 229: JIT compiled ReadOnlySpan`1:.ctor(ref):this [Tier0, IL size=33, code size=81]
 230: JIT compiled MemoryMarshal:GetArrayDataReference(ref):byref [Tier0, IL size=7, code size=24]
 231: JIT compiled ConsoleEncoding:GetMaxByteCount(int):int:this [Tier0, IL size=13, code size=63]
 232: JIT compiled UTF8EncodingSealed:GetMaxByteCount(int):int:this [Tier0, IL size=20, code size=50]
 233: JIT compiled Span`1:.ctor(long,int):this [Tier0, IL size=51, code size=115]
 234: JIT compiled ReadOnlySpan`1:.ctor(ref,int,int):this [Tier0, IL size=65, code size=147]
 235: JIT compiled Encoder:GetBytes(ReadOnlySpan`1,Span`1,bool):int:this [Tier0, IL size=44, code size=234]
 236: JIT compiled MemoryMarshal:GetNonNullPinnableReference(ReadOnlySpan`1):byref [Tier0, IL size=30, code size=54]
 237: JIT compiled ReadOnlySpan`1:get_Length():int:this [Tier0, IL size=7, code size=17]
 238: JIT compiled MemoryMarshal:GetNonNullPinnableReference(Span`1):byref [Tier0, IL size=30, code size=54]
 239: JIT compiled Span`1:get_Length():int:this [Tier0, IL size=7, code size=17]
 240: JIT compiled EncoderNLS:GetBytes(long,int,long,int,bool):int:this [Tier0, IL size=92, code size=279]
 241: JIT compiled ArgumentNullException:ThrowIfNull(long,String) [Tier0, IL size=12, code size=45]
 242: JIT compiled Encoding:GetBytes(long,int,long,int,EncoderNLS):int:this [Tier0, IL size=57, code size=187]
 243: JIT compiled EncoderNLS:get_HasLeftoverData():bool:this [Tier0, IL size=35, code size=105]
 244: JIT compiled UTF8Encoding:GetBytesFast(long,int,long,int,byref):int:this [Tier0, IL size=33, code size=119]
 245: JIT compiled Utf8Utility:TranscodeToUtf8(long,int,long,int,byref,byref):int [Tier0, IL size=1446, code size=3208]
 246: JIT compiled Math:Min(int,int):int [Tier0, IL size=8, code size=28]
 247: JIT compiled ASCIIUtility:NarrowUtf16ToAscii(long,long,long):long [Tier0, IL size=490, code size=1187]
 248: JIT compiled WindowsConsoleStream:Flush():this [Tier0, IL size=26, code size=56]
 249: JIT compiled ConsoleStream:Flush():this [Tier0, IL size=1, code size=10]
 250: JIT compiled TextWriter:Synchronized(TextWriter):TextWriter [Tier0, IL size=28, code size=121]
 251: JIT compiled SyncTextWriter:.ctor(TextWriter):this [Tier0, IL size=14, code size=52]
 252: JIT compiled SyncTextWriter:WriteLine(String):this [Tier0, IL size=13, code size=140]
 253: JIT compiled StreamWriter:WriteLine(String):this [Tier0, IL size=20, code size=110]
 254: JIT compiled String:op_Implicit(String):ReadOnlySpan`1 [Tier0, IL size=31, code size=171]
 255: JIT compiled String:GetRawStringData():byref:this [Tier0, IL size=7, code size=24]
 256: JIT compiled ReadOnlySpan`1:.ctor(byref,int):this [Tier0, IL size=15, code size=39]
 257: JIT compiled StreamWriter:WriteSpan(ReadOnlySpan`1,bool):this [Tier0, IL size=368, code size=1036]
 258: JIT compiled MemoryMarshal:GetReference(ReadOnlySpan`1):byref [Tier0, IL size=8, code size=17]
 259: JIT compiled Buffer:MemoryCopy(long,long,long,long) [Tier0, IL size=21, code size=83]
 260: JIT compiled Unsafe:ReadUnaligned(long):long [Tier0, IL size=10, code size=17]
 261: JIT compiled ASCIIUtility:AllCharsInUInt64AreAscii(long):bool [Tier0, IL size=16, code size=38]
 262: JIT compiled ASCIIUtility:NarrowFourUtf16CharsToAsciiAndWriteToBuffer(byref,long) [Tier0, IL size=107, code size=171]
 263: JIT compiled Unsafe:WriteUnaligned(byref,int) [Tier0, IL size=11, code size=22]
 264: JIT compiled Unsafe:ReadUnaligned(long):int [Tier0, IL size=10, code size=16]
 265: JIT compiled ASCIIUtility:AllCharsInUInt32AreAscii(int):bool [Tier0, IL size=11, code size=25]
 266: JIT compiled ASCIIUtility:NarrowTwoUtf16CharsToAsciiAndWriteToBuffer(byref,int) [Tier0, IL size=24, code size=35]
 267: JIT compiled Span`1:Slice(int,int):Span`1:this [Tier0, IL size=39, code size=135]
 268: JIT compiled Span`1:.ctor(byref,int):this [Tier0, IL size=15, code size=39]
 269: JIT compiled Span`1:op_Implicit(Span`1):ReadOnlySpan`1 [Tier0, IL size=19, code size=90]
 270: JIT compiled ReadOnlySpan`1:.ctor(byref,int):this [Tier0, IL size=15, code size=39]
 271: JIT compiled WindowsConsoleStream:Write(ReadOnlySpan`1):this [Tier0, IL size=35, code size=149]
 272: JIT compiled WindowsConsoleStream:WriteFileNative(long,ReadOnlySpan`1,bool):int [Tier0, IL size=107, code size=272]
 273: JIT compiled ReadOnlySpan`1:get_IsEmpty():bool:this [Tier0, IL size=10, code size=24]
Hello, world!
 274: JIT compiled AppContext:OnProcessExit() [Tier0, IL size=43, code size=161]
 275: JIT compiled AssemblyLoadContext:OnProcessExit() [Tier0, IL size=101, code size=442]
 276: JIT compiled EventListener:DisposeOnShutdown() [Tier0, IL size=150, code size=618]
 277: JIT compiled List`1:.ctor():this [Tier0, IL size=18, code size=133]
 278: JIT compiled List`1:.cctor() [Tier0, IL size=12, code size=129]
 279: JIT compiled List`1:GetEnumerator():Enumerator:this [Tier0, IL size=7, code size=162]
 280: JIT compiled Enumerator:.ctor(List`1):this [Tier0, IL size=39, code size=64]
 281: JIT compiled Enumerator:MoveNext():bool:this [Tier0, IL size=81, code size=159]
 282: JIT compiled Enumerator:get_Current():__Canon:this [Tier0, IL size=7, code size=22]
 283: JIT compiled WeakReference`1:TryGetTarget(byref):bool:this [Tier0, IL size=24, code size=66]
 284: JIT compiled List`1:AddWithResize(__Canon):this [Tier0, IL size=39, code size=85]
 285: JIT compiled List`1:Grow(int):this [Tier0, IL size=53, code size=121]
 286: JIT compiled List`1:set_Capacity(int):this [Tier0, IL size=86, code size=342]
 287: JIT compiled CastHelpers:StelemRef_Helper(byref,long,Object) [Tier0, IL size=34, code size=104]
 288: JIT compiled CastHelpers:StelemRef_Helper_NoCacheLookup(byref,long,Object) [Tier0, IL size=26, code size=111]
 289: JIT compiled Enumerator:MoveNextRare():bool:this [Tier0, IL size=57, code size=80]
 290: JIT compiled Enumerator:Dispose():this [Tier0, IL size=1, code size=14]
 291: JIT compiled EventSource:Dispose():this [Tier0, IL size=14, code size=54]
 292: JIT compiled EventSource:Dispose(bool):this [Tier0, IL size=124, code size=236]
 293: JIT compiled EventProvider:Dispose():this [Tier0, IL size=14, code size=54]
 294: JIT compiled EventProvider:Dispose(bool):this [Tier0, IL size=90, code size=230]
 295: JIT compiled EventProvider:EventUnregister(long):this [Tier0, IL size=14, code size=50]
 296: JIT compiled EtwEventProvider:System.Diagnostics.Tracing.IEventProvider.EventUnregister(long):int:this [Tier0, IL size=7, code size=181]
 297: JIT compiled GC:SuppressFinalize(Object) [Tier0, IL size=18, code size=53]
 298: JIT compiled EventPipeEventProvider:System.Diagnostics.Tracing.IEventProvider.EventUnregister(long):int:this [Tier0, IL size=13, code size=187]

有了這個，讓我們繼續進行實際的效能改進，從堆疊替換開始。

原文連結

Performance Improvements in .NET 7

本作品採用知識共享署名-非商業性使用-相同方式共享 4.0 國際許可協議進行許可。

歡迎轉載、使用、重新發布，但務必保留文章署名鄭子銘（包含連結： http://www.cnblogs.com/MingsonZheng/ ），不得用於商業目的，基於本文修改後的作品務必以相同的許可釋出。

如有任何疑問，請與我聯絡 (MingsonZheng@outlook.com)

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【譯】.NET 7 中的效能改進（一）

目錄

Setup

JIT

原文連結

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