執行緒只是最基本的應用,在複雜的場景下使用Thread程式碼可讀性會變的很多差而且也容易出錯。 android為了簡化開發者的工作量,提供了一些更容易使用的封裝。
HandlerThread
為了讓Handler在非主執行緒工作,可以使用HandlerThread。 如題使用如下:
Handler handler;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
HandlerThread handlerThread = new HandlerThread("backThread",Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);
handlerThread.start();
handler = new Handler(handlerThread.getLooper());
}
複製程式碼
使用HandlerThread的Looper之後,Handler就是在HandlerThread所線上程中處理訊息了。
其實HandlerThread就是新建了執行緒,然後呼叫了Looper.prepare();
和Looper.loop();
AsyncTask
AsyncTask 現在使用的人已經不多了,它也是一個使用很簡單的後臺任務類,開發者不需要關注Thread和Handler就能在後臺執行緒完成輕量級和時間較短的任務,並且最後在UI執行緒更新。
/*第一個為入參型別
*第二個是進度型別
*第三個是結果型別
private class DownloadFilesTask extends AsyncTask<URL, Integer, Long> {
protected Long doInBackground(URL... urls) {
int count = urls.length;
long totalSize = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
totalSize += Downloader.downloadFile(urls[i]);
publishProgress((int) ((i / (float) count) * 100));
// Escape early if cancel() is called
if (isCancelled()) break;
}
return totalSize;
}
protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... progress) {
setProgressPercent(progress[0]);
}
protected void onPostExecute(Long result) {
showDialog("Downloaded " + result + " bytes");
}
}
複製程式碼
下面可以看方法在哪個執行緒呼叫 :
@WorkerThread
protected abstract Result doInBackground(Params... params);
@MainThread
protected void onPreExecute() {
}
@MainThread
protected void onPostExecute(Result result) {
}
@MainThread
protected void onProgressUpdate(Progress... values) {
}
複製程式碼
其實AsyncTask有一個包含一個靜態的執行緒池,最小同時執行兩個執行緒,最多4個執行緒。
private static final int CPU_COUNT = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors();
// We want at least 2 threads and at most 4 threads in the core pool,
// preferring to have 1 less than the CPU count to avoid saturating
// the CPU with background work
private static final int CORE_POOL_SIZE = Math.max(2, Math.min(CPU_COUNT - 1, 4));
private static final int MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE = CPU_COUNT * 2 + 1;
private static final int KEEP_ALIVE_SECONDS = 30;
private static final ThreadFactory sThreadFactory = new ThreadFactory() {
private final AtomicInteger mCount = new AtomicInteger(1);
public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
return new Thread(r, "AsyncTask #" + mCount.getAndIncrement());
}
};
private static final BlockingQueue<Runnable> sPoolWorkQueue =
new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(128);
/**
* An {@link Executor} that can be used to execute tasks in parallel.
*/
public static final Executor THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR;
static {
ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
CORE_POOL_SIZE, MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE, KEEP_ALIVE_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
sPoolWorkQueue, sThreadFactory);
threadPoolExecutor.allowCoreThreadTimeOut(true);
THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR = threadPoolExecutor;
}
複製程式碼
其中還有一個handler用於更新UI執行緒。
private static Handler getMainHandler() {
synchronized (AsyncTask.class) {
if (sHandler == null) {
sHandler = new InternalHandler(Looper.getMainLooper());
}
return sHandler;
}
}
private Handler getHandler() {
return mHandler;
}
複製程式碼
由於都是靜態的,所以其實所有的AsyncTask都是公用這個執行緒池和Handler。 AsyncTask使用起來也很簡單,但是有一些限制,只能在UI執行緒例項化和呼叫。
new DownloadFilesTask().execute(url1,url2,url3);
複製程式碼
IntentService
IntentService
是為了處理非同步任務而對Service
的封裝。
其實原理也很簡單。
private final class ServiceHandler extends Handler {
public ServiceHandler(Looper looper) {
super(looper);
}
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
onHandleIntent((Intent)msg.obj);
stopSelf(msg.arg1);
}
}
@Override
public void onCreate() {
// TODO: It would be nice to have an option to hold a partial wakelock
// during processing, and to have a static startService(Context, Intent)
// method that would launch the service & hand off a wakelock.
super.onCreate();
HandlerThread thread = new HandlerThread("IntentService[" + mName + "]");
thread.start();
mServiceLooper = thread.getLooper();
mServiceHandler = new ServiceHandler(mServiceLooper);
}
@Override
public void onStart(@Nullable Intent intent, int startId) {
Message msg = mServiceHandler.obtainMessage();
msg.arg1 = startId;
msg.obj = intent;
mServiceHandler.sendMessage(msg);
}
複製程式碼
就是在Service的OnCreate裡建立了一個HandlerThread,然後把需要處理的Intent傳送到這個Handler在後臺執行緒中處理並且完畢後呼叫stopSelf關閉服務。
使用上和Service一樣,就是需要重寫onHandleIntent
方法。