前端CSS(1)之兩列布局和三列布局

zhunny發表於2019-03-13

  網頁佈局就是將網頁根據不同的內容進行劃分,這樣做不僅可以美化網頁外觀,還可以讓使用者對你的網頁功能一目瞭然,提升使用者體驗。
  兩列布局和三列布局是我們最常見的兩種佈局,我今天總結一下實現這兩種佈局的多種方式。本文程式碼沒有考慮相容性。

兩列布局

  側欄寬度固定,左邊內容部分寬度自適應。header和footer高度固定。

前端CSS(1)之兩列布局和三列布局

利用浮動來佈局

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>Document</title>
    <style>
        * {
            margin: 0;
            padding: 0;
        }
        
        html,
        body,
        #app {
            height: 100%;
        }
        
        #header,
        #footer {
            height: 50px;
            background-color: burlywood;
            text-align: center;
            line-height: 50px;
        }
        
        #aside {
            height: calc(100% - 100px);
            width: 200px;
            text-align: center;
            background-color: aquamarine;
            float: left;
        }
        
        #main {
            height: calc(100% - 100px);
            width: calc(100% - 200px);
            background-color: #eee;
            text-align: center;
            overflow: hidden; //使其成為BFC,清除浮動,因為浮動也是一個BFC,兩個BFC不會重疊
        }
    </style>
</head>

<body>
    <div id="app">
        <header id="header">header</header>
        <aside id="aside">aside</aside>
        <main id="main">main</main>
        <footer id="footer">footer</footer>
    </div>
</body>

</html>
複製程式碼

利用絕對定位來佈局

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>Document</title>
    <style>
        * {
            margin: 0;
            padding: 0;
        }
        
        html,
        body,
        #app {
            height: 100%;
        }
        
        #app {
            position: relative;
        }
        
        #header,
        #footer {
            height: 50px;
            background-color: burlywood;
            text-align: center;
            line-height: 50px;
        }
        
        #footer {
            position: absolute;
            bottom: 0;
            width: 100%
        }
        
        #aside {
            /* height: calc(100% - 100px); */
            width: 200px;
            text-align: center;
            background-color: aquamarine;
            position: absolute;
            left: 0;
            bottom: 50px;
            top: 50px;
        }
        
        #main {
            /* height: calc(100% - 100px); */
            width: calc(100% - 200px);
            background-color: #eee;
            text-align: center;
            position: absolute;
            right: 0;
            bottom: 50px;
            top: 50px;
        }
    </style>
</head>

<body>
    <div id="app">
        <header id="header">header</header>
        <aside id="aside">aside</aside>
        <main id="main">main</main>
        <footer id="footer">footer</footer>
    </div>
</body>

</html>
複製程式碼

利用伸縮盒flex來佈局

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>Document</title>
    <style>
        * {
            margin: 0;
            padding: 0;
        }
        
        html,
        body,
        #app {
            height: 100%;
        }
        
        #app {
            display: flex;
            flex-wrap: wrap;
        }
        
        #header,
        #footer {
            height: 50px;
            background-color: burlywood;
            text-align: center;
            line-height: 50px;
            flex-basis: 100%;
        }
        
        #aside {
            width: 200px;
            height: calc(100% - 100px);
            text-align: center;
            background-color: aquamarine;
        }
        
        #main {
            height: calc(100% - 100px);
            width: calc(100% - 200px);
            background-color: #eee;
            text-align: center;
        }
    </style>
</head>

<body>
    <div id="app">
        <header id="header">header</header>
        <aside id="aside">aside</aside>
        <main id="main">main</main>
        <footer id="footer">footer</footer>
    </div>
</body>

</html>
複製程式碼

利用網格grid來佈局

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>Document</title>
    <style>
        * {
            margin: 0;
            padding: 0;
        }
        
        html,
        body,
        #app {
            height: 100%;
        }
        
        #app {
            display: grid;
            grid-template-columns: 200px auto;
            grid-template-rows: 50px auto 50px;
            grid-template-areas: "header header" "aside main" "footer footer"
        }
        
        #header,
        #footer {
            background-color: burlywood;
            text-align: center;
            line-height: 50px;
        }
        
        #header {
            grid-area: header;
        }
        
        #footer {
            grid-area: footer
        }
        
        #aside {
            grid-area: aside;
        }
        
        #main {
            grid-area: main;
        }
        
        #aside {
            text-align: center;
            background-color: aquamarine;
        }
        
        #main {
            background-color: #eee;
            text-align: center;
        }
    </style>
</head>

<body>
    <div id="app">
        <header id="header">header</header>
        <aside id="aside">aside</aside>
        <main id="main">main</main>
        <footer id="footer">footer</footer>
    </div>
</body>

</html>
複製程式碼

三列布局

  兩邊側欄寬度固定,中間內容部分寬度自適應。header和footer高度固定。

前端CSS(1)之兩列布局和三列布局

利用浮動float來佈局

float元素是有浮動範圍的,在它的包含塊中,如果它之前有內容,會阻止它向上浮動,因此在不要求content元素首先渲染的情況下我們才會用浮動佈局,因為此時content元素必須位於浮動元素下方。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>Document</title>
    <style>
        * {
            margin: 0;
            padding: 0;
        }
        
        html,
        body,
        #app {
            height: 100%;
        }
        
        #header,
        #footer {
            height: 50px;
            background-color: burlywood;
            text-align: center;
            line-height: 50px;
        }
        
        #aside1,
        #aside2 {
            height: calc(100% - 100px);
            width: 200px;
            text-align: center;
            background-color: aquamarine;
        }
        
        #aside1 {
            float: left;
        }
        
        #aside2 {
            float: right;
        }
        
        #main {
            height: calc(100% - 100px);
            background-color: #eee;
            text-align: center;
            overflow: hidden;
        }
    </style>
</head>

<body>
    <div id="app">
        <header id="header">header</header>
        <aside id="aside1">aside</aside>
        <aside id="aside2">aside</aside>
        <main id="main">main</main>
        <footer id="footer">footer</footer>
    </div>
</body>

</html>
複製程式碼

利用absolute定位來實現佈局

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>Document</title>
    <style>
        * {
            margin: 0;
            padding: 0;
        }
        
        html,
        body,
        #app {
            height: 100%;
        }
        
        #app {
            position: relative;
        }
        
        #header,
        #footer {
            height: 50px;
            background-color: burlywood;
            text-align: center;
            line-height: 50px;
        }
        
        #footer {
            position: absolute;
            bottom: 0;
            width: 100%
        }
        
        #aside1,
        #aside2 {
            /* height: calc(100% - 100px); */
            width: 200px;
            text-align: center;
            background-color: aquamarine;
        }
        
        #aside1 {
            position: absolute;
            left: 0;
            bottom: 50px;
            top: 50px;
        }
        
        #aside2 {
            position: absolute;
            right: 0;
            bottom: 50px;
            top: 50px;
        }
        
        #main {
            /* height: calc(100% - 100px); */
            width: calc(100% - 400px);
            background-color: #eee;
            text-align: center;
            position: absolute;
            right: 200px;
            bottom: 50px;
            top: 50px;
        }
    </style>
</head>

<body>
    <div id="app">
        <header id="header">header</header>
        <main id="main">main</main>
        <aside id="aside1">aside</aside>
        <aside id="aside2">aside</aside>
        <footer id="footer">footer</footer>
    </div>
</body>

</html>
複製程式碼

利用flex和grid佈局

  它們的佈局方式與兩列布局時的方式大同小異,這裡就不多加闡述。我們來總結一下實際網頁三列布局中會用的兩種佈局:聖盃佈局和雙飛翼佈局。

聖盃佈局和雙飛翼佈局

聖盃佈局

  為了中間content不被遮擋,為外層section設定了padding,使得邊側欄有地方放。且利用了margin為負對浮動元素的影響。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>Document</title>
    <style>
        * {
            margin: 0;
            padding: 0;
        }
        
        html,
        body,
        #app {
            height: 100%;
        }
        
        #header,
        #footer {
            height: 50px;
            background-color: burlywood;
            text-align: center;
            line-height: 50px;
        }
        
        section {
            padding: 0 200px;
            height: calc(100% - 100px);
            /* height: 100px; */
        }
        
        #main {
            float: left;
            background-color: #eee;
            text-align: center;
            height: 100%;
            width: 100%;
        }
        
        #aside1,
        #aside2 {
            float: left;
            width: 200px;
            height: 100%;
            background-color: aquamarine;
            position: relative;
            text-align: center;
        }
        
        #aside1 {
            left: -200px;
            margin-left: -100%;
        }
        
        #aside2 {
            right: -200px;
            margin-left: -200px;
        }
    </style>
</head>

<body>
    <div id="app">
        <header id="header">header</header>
        <section id="section">
            <main id="main">main</main>
            <aside id="aside1">aside1</aside>
            <aside id="aside2">aside2</aside>
        </section>
        <footer id="footer">footer</footer>
    </div>
</body>

</html>
複製程式碼
雙飛翼佈局
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>Document</title>
    <style>
        * {
            margin: 0;
            padding: 0;
        }
        
        html,
        body,
        #app {
            height: 100%;
        }
        
        #header,
        #footer {
            height: 50px;
            background-color: burlywood;
            text-align: center;
            line-height: 50px;
        }
        
        section {
            float: left;
            height: calc(100% - 100px);
            width: 100%;
            /* height: 100px; */
        }
        
        #main {
            background-color: #eee;
            text-align: center;
            height: 100%;
            margin: 0 200px;
        }
        
        #aside1,
        #aside2 {
            float: left;
            width: 200px;
            height: calc(100% - 100px);
            background-color: aquamarine;
            text-align: center;
        }
        
        #aside1 {
            margin-left: -100%;
        }
        
        #aside2 {
            margin-left: -200px;
        }
    </style>
</head>

<body>
    <div id="app">
        <header id="header">header</header>
        <section id="section">
            <main id="main">main</main>
        </section>
        <aside id="aside1">aside1</aside>
        <aside id="aside2">aside2</aside>
        <p style="clear:both"></p>
        <footer id="footer">footer</footer>
    </div>
</body>

</html>
複製程式碼

相關文章