關於java中Excel的匯入匯出

前言
提示：注意看文字的提醒：

例如：
提示： 就這幾個表別搞亂了就行其實很簡單
ExcelClassField ------ Excel標題欄工具類–不用管
ExcelExport------匯出配置工具類—用於物件表的配置上
ExcelImport----匯入配置工具類—用於物件表的配置上
ExcelUtils-----用於介面呼叫上

一、配置pom依賴

<!-- 檔案上傳 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
            <artifactId>httpmime</artifactId>
            <version>4.5.7</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- JSON -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.41</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- POI -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
            <artifactId>poi-ooxml</artifactId>
            <version>3.16</version>
        </dependency>

二、搭建utils工具類

1.Excel表頭設定表

程式碼如下（示例）：基本上不用動

package com.information.utils;

import java.util.LinkedHashMap;

/** Excel 表頭設定
 */
public class ExcelClassField {

    /** 欄位名稱 */
    private String fieldName;

    /** 表頭名稱 */
    private String name;

    /** 對映關係 */
    private LinkedHashMap<String, String> kvMap;

    /** 示例值 */
    private Object example;

    /** 排序 */
    private int sort;

    /** 是否為註解欄位：0-否，1-是 */
    private int hasAnnotation;

    public String getFieldName() {
        return fieldName;
    }

    public void setFieldName(String fieldName) {
        this.fieldName = fieldName;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public LinkedHashMap<String, String> getKvMap() {
        return kvMap;
    }

    public void setKvMap(LinkedHashMap<String, String> kvMap) {
        this.kvMap = kvMap;
    }

    public Object getExample() {
        return example;
    }

    public void setExample(Object example) {
        this.example = example;
    }

    public int getSort() {
        return sort;
    }

    public void setSort(int sort) {
        this.sort = sort;
    }

    public int getHasAnnotation() {
        return hasAnnotation;
    }

    public void setHasAnnotation(int hasAnnotation) {
        this.hasAnnotation = hasAnnotation;
    }

}

2.Excel匯入匯出工具類

程式碼如下（示例）：

package com.information.utils;


import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONArray;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFDataValidation;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;
import org.apache.poi.poifs.filesystem.POIFSFileSystem;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.*;
import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.ClientAnchor.AnchorType;
import org.apache.poi.ss.util.CellRangeAddress;
import org.apache.poi.ss.util.CellRangeAddressList;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.streaming.SXSSFWorkbook;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFClientAnchor;
import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFWorkbook;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;

import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.*;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.math.RoundingMode;
import java.net.URL;
import java.text.NumberFormat;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;

/**
 * Excel匯入匯出工具類
 */
@SuppressWarnings("unused")
public class ExcelUtils {

    private static final String XLSX = ".xlsx";
    private static final String XLS = ".xls";
    public static final String ROW_MERGE = "row_merge";
    public static final String COLUMN_MERGE = "column_merge";
    private static final String DATE_FORMAT = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss";
    private static final String ROW_NUM = "rowNum";
    private static final String ROW_DATA = "rowData";
    private static final String ROW_TIPS = "rowTips";
    private static final int CELL_OTHER = 0;
    private static final int CELL_ROW_MERGE = 1;
    private static final int CELL_COLUMN_MERGE = 2;
    private static final int IMG_HEIGHT = 30;
    private static final int IMG_WIDTH = 30;
    private static final char LEAN_LINE = '/';
    private static final int BYTES_DEFAULT_LENGTH = 10240;
    private static final NumberFormat NUMBER_FORMAT = NumberFormat.getNumberInstance();


    public static <T> List<T> readFile(File file, Class<T> clazz) throws Exception {
        JSONArray array = readFile(file);
        return getBeanList(array, clazz);
    }

    public static <T> List<T> readMultipartFile(MultipartFile mFile, Class<T> clazz) throws Exception {
        JSONArray array = readMultipartFile(mFile);
        return getBeanList(array, clazz);
    }

    public static JSONArray readFile(File file) throws Exception {
        return readExcel(null, file);
    }

    public static JSONArray readMultipartFile(MultipartFile mFile) throws Exception {
        return readExcel(mFile, null);
    }

    public static Map<String, JSONArray> readFileManySheet(File file) throws Exception {
        return readExcelManySheet(null, file);
    }

    public static Map<String, JSONArray> readFileManySheet(MultipartFile file) throws Exception {
        return readExcelManySheet(file, null);
    }

    private static <T> List<T> getBeanList(JSONArray array, Class<T> clazz) throws Exception {
        List<T> list = new ArrayList<>();
        Map<Integer, String> uniqueMap = new HashMap<>(16);
        for (int i = 0; i < array.size(); i++) {
            list.add(getBean(clazz, array.getJSONObject(i), uniqueMap));
        }
        return list;
    }

    /**
     * 獲取每個物件的資料
     */
    private static <T> T getBean(Class<T> c, JSONObject obj, Map<Integer, String> uniqueMap) throws Exception {
        T t = c.newInstance();
        Field[] fields = c.getDeclaredFields();
        List<String> errMsgList = new ArrayList<>();
        boolean hasRowTipsField = false;
        StringBuilder uniqueBuilder = new StringBuilder();
        int rowNum = 0;
        for (Field field : fields) {
            // 行號
            if (field.getName().equals(ROW_NUM)) {
                rowNum = obj.getInteger(ROW_NUM);
                field.setAccessible(true);
                field.set(t, rowNum);
                continue;
            }
            // 是否需要設定異常資訊
            if (field.getName().equals(ROW_TIPS)) {
                hasRowTipsField = true;
                continue;
            }
            // 原始資料
            if (field.getName().equals(ROW_DATA)) {
                field.setAccessible(true);
                field.set(t, obj.toString());
                continue;
            }
            // 設定對應屬性值
            setFieldValue(t, field, obj, uniqueBuilder, errMsgList);
        }
        // 資料唯一性校驗
        if (uniqueBuilder.length() > 0) {
            if (uniqueMap.containsValue(uniqueBuilder.toString())) {
                Set<Integer> rowNumKeys = uniqueMap.keySet();
                for (Integer num : rowNumKeys) {
                    if (uniqueMap.get(num).equals(uniqueBuilder.toString())) {
                        errMsgList.add(String.format("資料唯一性校驗失敗,(%s)與第%s行重複)", uniqueBuilder, num));
                    }
                }
            } else {
                uniqueMap.put(rowNum, uniqueBuilder.toString());
            }
        }
        // 失敗處理
        if (errMsgList.isEmpty() && !hasRowTipsField) {
            return t;
        }
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        int size = errMsgList.size();
        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
            if (i == size - 1) {
                sb.append(errMsgList.get(i));
            } else {
                sb.append(errMsgList.get(i)).append(";");
            }
        }
        // 設定錯誤資訊
        for (Field field : fields) {
            if (field.getName().equals(ROW_TIPS)) {
                field.setAccessible(true);
                field.set(t, sb.toString());
            }
        }
        return t;
    }

    private static <T> void setFieldValue(T t, Field field, JSONObject obj, StringBuilder uniqueBuilder, List<String> errMsgList) {
        // 獲取 ExcelImport 註解屬性
        ExcelImport annotation = field.getAnnotation(ExcelImport.class);
        if (annotation == null) {
            return;
        }
        String cname = annotation.value();
        if (cname.trim().length() == 0) {
            return;
        }
        // 獲取具體值
        String val = null;
        if (obj.containsKey(cname)) {
            val = getString(obj.getString(cname));
        }
        if (val == null) {
            return;
        }
        field.setAccessible(true);
        // 判斷是否必填
        boolean require = annotation.required();
        if (require && val.isEmpty()) {
            errMsgList.add(String.format("[%s]不能為空", cname));
            return;
        }
        // 資料唯一性獲取
        boolean unique = annotation.unique();
        if (unique) {
            if (uniqueBuilder.length() > 0) {
                uniqueBuilder.append("--").append(val);
            } else {
                uniqueBuilder.append(val);
            }
        }
        // 判斷是否超過最大長度
        int maxLength = annotation.maxLength();
        if (maxLength > 0 && val.length() > maxLength) {
            errMsgList.add(String.format("[%s]長度不能超過%s個字元(當前%s個字元)", cname, maxLength, val.length()));
        }
        // 判斷當前屬性是否有對映關係
        LinkedHashMap<String, String> kvMap = getKvMap(annotation.kv());
        if (!kvMap.isEmpty()) {
            boolean isMatch = false;
            for (String key : kvMap.keySet()) {
                if (kvMap.get(key).equals(val)) {
                    val = key;
                    isMatch = true;
                    break;
                }
            }
            if (!isMatch) {
                errMsgList.add(String.format("[%s]的值不正確(當前值為%s)", cname, val));
                return;
            }
        }
        // 其餘情況根據型別賦值
        String fieldClassName = field.getType().getSimpleName();
        try {
            if ("String".equalsIgnoreCase(fieldClassName)) {
                field.set(t, val);
            } else if ("boolean".equalsIgnoreCase(fieldClassName)) {
                field.set(t, Boolean.valueOf(val));
            } else if ("int".equalsIgnoreCase(fieldClassName) || "Integer".equals(fieldClassName)) {
                try {
                    field.set(t, Integer.valueOf(val));
                } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
                    errMsgList.add(String.format("[%s]的值格式不正確(當前值為%s)", cname, val));
                }
            } else if ("double".equalsIgnoreCase(fieldClassName)) {
                field.set(t, Double.valueOf(val));
            } else if ("long".equalsIgnoreCase(fieldClassName)) {
                field.set(t, Long.valueOf(val));
            } else if ("BigDecimal".equalsIgnoreCase(fieldClassName)) {
                field.set(t, new BigDecimal(val));
            } else if ("Date".equalsIgnoreCase(fieldClassName)) {
                try {
                    field.set(t, new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss").parse(val));
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    field.set(t, new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd").parse(val));
                }
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private static Map<String, JSONArray> readExcelManySheet(MultipartFile mFile, File file) throws IOException {
        Workbook book = getWorkbook(mFile, file);
        if (book == null) {
            return Collections.emptyMap();
        }
        Map<String, JSONArray> map = new LinkedHashMap<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < book.getNumberOfSheets(); i++) {
            Sheet sheet = book.getSheetAt(i);
            JSONArray arr = readSheet(sheet);
            map.put(sheet.getSheetName(), arr);
        }
        book.close();
        return map;
    }

    private static JSONArray readExcel(MultipartFile mFile, File file) throws IOException {
        Workbook book = getWorkbook(mFile, file);
        if (book == null) {
            return new JSONArray();
        }
        JSONArray array = readSheet(book.getSheetAt(0));
        book.close();
        return array;
    }

    private static Workbook getWorkbook(MultipartFile mFile, File file) throws IOException {
        boolean fileNotExist = (file == null || !file.exists());
        if (mFile == null && fileNotExist) {
            return null;
        }
        // 解析表格資料
        InputStream in;
        String fileName;
        if (mFile != null) {
            // 上傳檔案解析
            in = mFile.getInputStream();
            fileName = getString(mFile.getOriginalFilename()).toLowerCase();
        } else {
            // 本地檔案解析
            in = new FileInputStream(file);
            fileName = file.getName().toLowerCase();
        }
        Workbook book;
        if (fileName.endsWith(XLSX)) {
            book = new XSSFWorkbook(in);
        } else if (fileName.endsWith(XLS)) {
            POIFSFileSystem poifsFileSystem = new POIFSFileSystem(in);
            book = new HSSFWorkbook(poifsFileSystem);
        } else {
            return null;
        }
        in.close();
        return book;
    }

    private static JSONArray readSheet(Sheet sheet) {
        // 首行下標
        int rowStart = sheet.getFirstRowNum();
        // 尾行下標
        int rowEnd = sheet.getLastRowNum();
        // 獲取表頭行
        Row headRow = sheet.getRow(rowStart);
        if (headRow == null) {
            return new JSONArray();
        }
        int cellStart = headRow.getFirstCellNum();
        int cellEnd = headRow.getLastCellNum();
        Map<Integer, String> keyMap = new HashMap<>();
        for (int j = cellStart; j < cellEnd; j++) {
            // 獲取表頭資料
            String val = getCellValue(headRow.getCell(j));
            if (val != null && val.trim().length() != 0) {
                keyMap.put(j, val);
            }
        }
        // 如果表頭沒有資料則不進行解析
        if (keyMap.isEmpty()) {
            return (JSONArray) Collections.emptyList();
        }
        // 獲取每行JSON物件的值
        JSONArray array = new JSONArray();
        // 如果首行與尾行相同，表明只有一行，返回表頭資料
        if (rowStart == rowEnd) {
            JSONObject obj = new JSONObject();
            // 新增行號
            obj.put(ROW_NUM, 1);
            for (int i : keyMap.keySet()) {
                obj.put(keyMap.get(i), "");
            }
            array.add(obj);
            return array;
        }
        for (int i = rowStart + 1; i <= rowEnd; i++) {
            Row eachRow = sheet.getRow(i);
            JSONObject obj = new JSONObject();
            // 新增行號
            obj.put(ROW_NUM, i + 1);
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            for (int k = cellStart; k < cellEnd; k++) {
                if (eachRow != null) {
                    String val = getCellValue(eachRow.getCell(k));
                    // 所有資料新增到裡面，用於判斷該行是否為空
                    sb.append(val);
                    obj.put(keyMap.get(k), val);
                }
            }
            if (sb.length() > 0) {
                array.add(obj);
            }
        }
        return array;
    }

    private static String getCellValue(Cell cell) {
        // 空白或空
        if (cell == null || cell.getCellTypeEnum() == CellType.BLANK) {
            return "";
        }
        // String型別
        if (cell.getCellTypeEnum() == CellType.STRING) {
            String val = cell.getStringCellValue();
            if (val == null || val.trim().length() == 0) {
                return "";
            }
            return val.trim();
        }
        // 數字型別
        if (cell.getCellTypeEnum() == CellType.NUMERIC) {
            String s = cell.getNumericCellValue() + "";
            // 去掉尾巴上的小數點0
            if (Pattern.matches(".*\\.0*", s)) {
                return s.split("\\.")[0];
            } else {
                return s;
            }
        }
        // 布林值型別
        if (cell.getCellTypeEnum() == CellType.BOOLEAN) {
            return cell.getBooleanCellValue() + "";
        }
        // 錯誤型別
        return cell.getCellFormula();
    }

    public static <T> void exportTemplate(HttpServletResponse response, String fileName, Class<T> clazz) {
        exportTemplate(response, fileName, fileName, clazz, false);
    }

    public static <T> void exportTemplate(HttpServletResponse response, String fileName, String sheetName,
                                          Class<T> clazz) {
        exportTemplate(response, fileName, sheetName, clazz, false);
    }

    public static <T> void exportTemplate(HttpServletResponse response, String fileName, Class<T> clazz,
                                          boolean isContainExample) {
        exportTemplate(response, fileName, fileName, clazz, isContainExample);
    }

    public static <T> void exportTemplate(HttpServletResponse response, String fileName, String sheetName,
                                          Class<T> clazz, boolean isContainExample) {
        // 獲取表頭欄位
        List<ExcelClassField> headFieldList = getExcelClassFieldList(clazz);
        // 獲取表頭資料和示例資料
        List<List<Object>> sheetDataList = new ArrayList<>();
        List<Object> headList = new ArrayList<>();
        List<Object> exampleList = new ArrayList<>();
        Map<Integer, List<String>> selectMap = new LinkedHashMap<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < headFieldList.size(); i++) {
            ExcelClassField each = headFieldList.get(i);
            headList.add(each.getName());
            exampleList.add(each.getExample());
            LinkedHashMap<String, String> kvMap = each.getKvMap();
            if (kvMap != null && kvMap.size() > 0) {
                selectMap.put(i, new ArrayList<>(kvMap.values()));
            }
        }
        sheetDataList.add(headList);
        if (isContainExample) {
            sheetDataList.add(exampleList);
        }
        // 匯出資料
        export(response, fileName, sheetName, sheetDataList, selectMap);
    }

    private static <T> List<ExcelClassField> getExcelClassFieldList(Class<T> clazz) {
        // 解析所有欄位
        Field[] fields = clazz.getDeclaredFields();
        boolean hasExportAnnotation = false;
        Map<Integer, List<ExcelClassField>> map = new LinkedHashMap<>();
        List<Integer> sortList = new ArrayList<>();
        for (Field field : fields) {
            ExcelClassField cf = getExcelClassField(field);
            if (cf.getHasAnnotation() == 1) {
                hasExportAnnotation = true;
            }
            int sort = cf.getSort();
            if (map.containsKey(sort)) {
                map.get(sort).add(cf);
            } else {
                List<ExcelClassField> list = new ArrayList<>();
                list.add(cf);
                sortList.add(sort);
                map.put(sort, list);
            }
        }
        Collections.sort(sortList);
        // 獲取表頭
        List<ExcelClassField> headFieldList = new ArrayList<>();
        if (hasExportAnnotation) {
            for (Integer sort : sortList) {
                for (ExcelClassField cf : map.get(sort)) {
                    if (cf.getHasAnnotation() == 1) {
                        headFieldList.add(cf);
                    }
                }
            }
        } else {
            headFieldList.addAll(map.get(0));
        }
        return headFieldList;
    }

    private static ExcelClassField getExcelClassField(Field field) {
        ExcelClassField cf = new ExcelClassField();
        String fieldName = field.getName();
        cf.setFieldName(fieldName);
        ExcelExport annotation = field.getAnnotation(ExcelExport.class);
        // 無 ExcelExport 註解情況
        if (annotation == null) {
            cf.setHasAnnotation(0);
            cf.setName(fieldName);
            cf.setSort(0);
            return cf;
        }
        // 有 ExcelExport 註解情況
        cf.setHasAnnotation(1);
        cf.setName(annotation.value());
        String example = getString(annotation.example());
        if (!example.isEmpty()) {
            if (isNumeric(example) && example.length() < 8) {
                cf.setExample(Double.valueOf(example));
            } else {
                cf.setExample(example);
            }
        } else {
            cf.setExample("");
        }
        cf.setSort(annotation.sort());
        // 解析對映
        String kv = getString(annotation.kv());
        cf.setKvMap(getKvMap(kv));
        return cf;
    }

    private static LinkedHashMap<String, String> getKvMap(String kv) {
        LinkedHashMap<String, String> kvMap = new LinkedHashMap<>();
        if (kv.isEmpty()) {
            return kvMap;
        }
        String[] kvs = kv.split(";");
        if (kvs.length == 0) {
            return kvMap;
        }
        for (String each : kvs) {
            String[] eachKv = getString(each).split("-");
            if (eachKv.length != 2) {
                continue;
            }
            String k = eachKv[0];
            String v = eachKv[1];
            if (k.isEmpty() || v.isEmpty()) {
                continue;
            }
            kvMap.put(k, v);
        }
        return kvMap;
    }

    /**
     * 匯出表格到本地
     *
     * @param file      本地檔案物件
     * @param sheetData 匯出資料
     */
    public static void exportFile(File file, List<List<Object>> sheetData) {
        if (file == null) {
            System.out.println("檔案建立失敗");
            return;
        }
        if (sheetData == null) {
            sheetData = new ArrayList<>();
        }
        Map<String, List<List<Object>>> map = new HashMap<>();
        map.put(file.getName(), sheetData);
        export(null, file, file.getName(), map, null);
    }

    /**
     * 匯出表格到本地
     *
     * @param <T>      匯出資料類似，和K型別保持一致
     * @param filePath 檔案父路徑（如：D:/doc/excel/）
     * @param fileName 檔名稱（不帶尾綴，如：學生表）
     * @param list     匯出資料
     * @throws IOException IO異常
     */
    public static <T> File exportFile(String filePath, String fileName, List<T> list) throws IOException {
        File file = getFile(filePath, fileName);
        List<List<Object>> sheetData = getSheetData(list);
        exportFile(file, sheetData);
        return file;
    }

    /**
     * 獲取檔案
     *
     * @param filePath filePath 檔案父路徑（如：D:/doc/excel/）
     * @param fileName 檔名稱（不帶尾綴，如：使用者表）
     * @return 本地File檔案物件
     */
    private static File getFile(String filePath, String fileName) throws IOException {
        String dirPath = getString(filePath);
        String fileFullPath;
        if (dirPath.isEmpty()) {
            fileFullPath = fileName;
        } else {
            // 判定資料夾是否存在，如果不存在，則級聯建立
            File dirFile = new File(dirPath);
            if (!dirFile.exists()) {
                boolean mkdirs = dirFile.mkdirs();
                if (!mkdirs) {
                    return null;
                }
            }
            // 獲取資料夾全名
            if (dirPath.endsWith(String.valueOf(LEAN_LINE))) {
                fileFullPath = dirPath + fileName + XLSX;
            } else {
                fileFullPath = dirPath + LEAN_LINE + fileName + XLSX;
            }
        }
        System.out.println(fileFullPath);
        File file = new File(fileFullPath);
        if (!file.exists()) {
            boolean result = file.createNewFile();
            if (!result) {
                return null;
            }
        }
        return file;
    }

    private static <T> List<List<Object>> getSheetData(List<T> list) {
        // 獲取表頭欄位
        List<ExcelClassField> excelClassFieldList = getExcelClassFieldList(list.get(0).getClass());
        List<String> headFieldList = new ArrayList<>();
        List<Object> headList = new ArrayList<>();
        Map<String, ExcelClassField> headFieldMap = new HashMap<>();
        for (ExcelClassField each : excelClassFieldList) {
            String fieldName = each.getFieldName();
            headFieldList.add(fieldName);
            headFieldMap.put(fieldName, each);
            headList.add(each.getName());
        }
        // 新增表頭名稱
        List<List<Object>> sheetDataList = new ArrayList<>();
        sheetDataList.add(headList);
        // 獲取表資料
        for (T t : list) {
            Map<String, Object> fieldDataMap = getFieldDataMap(t);
            Set<String> fieldDataKeys = fieldDataMap.keySet();
            List<Object> rowList = new ArrayList<>();
            for (String headField : headFieldList) {
                if (!fieldDataKeys.contains(headField)) {
                    continue;
                }
                Object data = fieldDataMap.get(headField);
                if (data == null) {
                    rowList.add("");
                    continue;
                }
                ExcelClassField cf = headFieldMap.get(headField);
                // 判斷是否有對映關係
                LinkedHashMap<String, String> kvMap = cf.getKvMap();
                if (kvMap == null || kvMap.isEmpty()) {
                    rowList.add(data);
                    continue;
                }
                String val = kvMap.get(data.toString());
                if (isNumeric(val)) {
                    rowList.add(Double.valueOf(val));
                } else {
                    rowList.add(val);
                }
            }
            sheetDataList.add(rowList);
        }
        return sheetDataList;
    }

    private static <T> Map<String, Object> getFieldDataMap(T t) {
        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();
        Field[] fields = t.getClass().getDeclaredFields();
        try {
            for (Field field : fields) {
                String fieldName = field.getName();
                field.setAccessible(true);
                Object object = field.get(t);
                map.put(fieldName, object);
            }
        } catch (IllegalArgumentException | IllegalAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return map;
    }

    public static void exportEmpty(HttpServletResponse response, String fileName) {
        List<List<Object>> sheetDataList = new ArrayList<>();
        List<Object> headList = new ArrayList<>();
        headList.add("匯出無資料");
        sheetDataList.add(headList);
        export(response, fileName, sheetDataList);
    }

    public static void export(HttpServletResponse response, String fileName, List<List<Object>> sheetDataList) {
        export(response, fileName, fileName, sheetDataList, null);
    }

    public static void exportManySheet(HttpServletResponse response, String fileName, Map<String, List<List<Object>>> sheetMap) {
        export(response, null, fileName, sheetMap, null);
    }


    public static void export(HttpServletResponse response, String fileName, String sheetName,
                              List<List<Object>> sheetDataList) {
        export(response, fileName, sheetName, sheetDataList, null);
    }

    public static void export(HttpServletResponse response, String fileName, String sheetName,
                              List<List<Object>> sheetDataList, Map<Integer, List<String>> selectMap) {

        Map<String, List<List<Object>>> map = new HashMap<>();
        map.put(sheetName, sheetDataList);
        export(response, null, fileName, map, selectMap);
    }

    public static <T, K> void export(HttpServletResponse response, String fileName, List<T> list, Class<K> template) {
        // list 是否為空
        boolean lisIsEmpty = list == null || list.isEmpty();
        // 如果模板資料為空，且匯入的資料為空，則匯出空檔案
        if (template == null && lisIsEmpty) {
            exportEmpty(response, fileName);
            return;
        }
        // 如果 list 資料，則匯出模板資料
        if (lisIsEmpty) {
            exportTemplate(response, fileName, template);
            return;
        }
        // 匯出資料
        List<List<Object>> sheetDataList = getSheetData(list);
        export(response, fileName, sheetDataList);
    }

    public static void export(HttpServletResponse response, String fileName, List<List<Object>> sheetDataList, Map<Integer, List<String>> selectMap) {
        export(response, fileName, fileName, sheetDataList, selectMap);
    }

    private static void export(HttpServletResponse response, File file, String fileName,
                               Map<String, List<List<Object>>> sheetMap, Map<Integer, List<String>> selectMap) {
        // 整個 Excel 表格 book 物件
        SXSSFWorkbook book = new SXSSFWorkbook();
        // 每個 Sheet 頁
        Set<Entry<String, List<List<Object>>>> entries = sheetMap.entrySet();
        for (Entry<String, List<List<Object>>> entry : entries) {
            List<List<Object>> sheetDataList = entry.getValue();
            Sheet sheet = book.createSheet(entry.getKey());
            Drawing<?> patriarch = sheet.createDrawingPatriarch();
            // 設定表頭背景色（灰色）
            CellStyle headStyle = book.createCellStyle();
            headStyle.setFillForegroundColor(IndexedColors.GREY_80_PERCENT.index);
            headStyle.setFillPattern(FillPatternType.SOLID_FOREGROUND);
            headStyle.setAlignment(HorizontalAlignment.CENTER);
            headStyle.setFillForegroundColor(IndexedColors.GREY_25_PERCENT.index);
            // 設定表身背景色（預設色）
            CellStyle rowStyle = book.createCellStyle();
            rowStyle.setAlignment(HorizontalAlignment.CENTER);
            rowStyle.setVerticalAlignment(VerticalAlignment.CENTER);
            // 設定表格列寬度（預設為15個位元組）
            sheet.setDefaultColumnWidth(15);
            // 建立合併演算法陣列
            int rowLength = sheetDataList.size();
            int columnLength = sheetDataList.get(0).size();
            int[][] mergeArray = new int[rowLength][columnLength];
            for (int i = 0; i < sheetDataList.size(); i++) {
                // 每個 Sheet 頁中的行資料
                Row row = sheet.createRow(i);
                List<Object> rowList = sheetDataList.get(i);
                for (int j = 0; j < rowList.size(); j++) {
                    // 每個行資料中的單元格資料
                    Object o = rowList.get(j);
                    int v = 0;
                    if (o instanceof URL) {
                        // 如果要匯出圖片的話, 連結需要傳遞 URL 物件
                        setCellPicture(book, row, patriarch, i, j, (URL) o);
                    } else {
                        Cell cell = row.createCell(j);
                        if (i == 0) {
                            // 第一行為表頭行，採用灰色底背景
                            v = setCellValue(cell, o, headStyle);
                        } else {
                            // 其他行為資料行，預設白底色
                            v = setCellValue(cell, o, rowStyle);
                        }
                    }
                    mergeArray[i][j] = v;
                }
            }
            // 合併單元格
            mergeCells(sheet, mergeArray);
            // 設定下拉選單
            setSelect(sheet, selectMap);
        }
        // 寫資料
        if (response != null) {
            // 前端匯出
            try {
                write(response, book, fileName);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        } else {
            // 本地匯出
            FileOutputStream fos;
            try {
                fos = new FileOutputStream(file);
                ByteArrayOutputStream ops = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
                book.write(ops);
                fos.write(ops.toByteArray());
                fos.close();
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * 合併當前Sheet頁的單元格
     *
     * @param sheet      當前 sheet 頁
     * @param mergeArray 合併單元格演算法
     */
    private static void mergeCells(Sheet sheet, int[][] mergeArray) {
        // 橫向合併
        for (int x = 0; x < mergeArray.length; x++) {
            int[] arr = mergeArray[x];
            boolean merge = false;
            int y1 = 0;
            int y2 = 0;
            for (int y = 0; y < arr.length; y++) {
                int value = arr[y];
                if (value == CELL_COLUMN_MERGE) {
                    if (!merge) {
                        y1 = y;
                    }
                    y2 = y;
                    merge = true;
                } else {
                    merge = false;
                    if (y1 > 0) {
                        sheet.addMergedRegion(new CellRangeAddress(x, x, (y1 - 1), y2));
                    }
                    y1 = 0;
                    y2 = 0;
                }
            }
            if (y1 > 0) {
                sheet.addMergedRegion(new CellRangeAddress(x, x, (y1 - 1), y2));
            }
        }
        // 縱向合併
        int xLen = mergeArray.length;
        int yLen = mergeArray[0].length;
        for (int y = 0; y < yLen; y++) {
            boolean merge = false;
            int x1 = 0;
            int x2 = 0;
            for (int x = 0; x < xLen; x++) {
                int value = mergeArray[x][y];
                if (value == CELL_ROW_MERGE) {
                    if (!merge) {
                        x1 = x;
                    }
                    x2 = x;
                    merge = true;
                } else {
                    merge = false;
                    if (x1 > 0) {
                        sheet.addMergedRegion(new CellRangeAddress((x1 - 1), x2, y, y));
                    }
                    x1 = 0;
                    x2 = 0;
                }
            }
            if (x1 > 0) {
                sheet.addMergedRegion(new CellRangeAddress((x1 - 1), x2, y, y));
            }
        }
    }

    private static void write(HttpServletResponse response, SXSSFWorkbook book, String fileName) throws IOException {
        response.setContentType("application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet");
        response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        String name = new String(fileName.getBytes("GBK"), "ISO8859_1") + XLSX;
        response.addHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=" + name);
        ServletOutputStream out = response.getOutputStream();
        book.write(out);
        out.flush();
        out.close();
    }

    private static int setCellValue(Cell cell, Object o, CellStyle style) {
        // 設定樣式
        cell.setCellStyle(style);
        // 資料為空時
        if (o == null) {
            cell.setCellType(CellType.STRING);
            cell.setCellValue("");
            return CELL_OTHER;
        }
        // 是否為字串
        if (o instanceof String) {
            String s = o.toString();
            // 當數字型別長度超過8位時，改為字串型別顯示（Excel數字超過一定長度會顯示為科學計數法）
            if (isNumeric(s) && s.length() < 8) {
                cell.setCellType(CellType.NUMERIC);
                cell.setCellValue(Double.parseDouble(s));
                return CELL_OTHER;
            } else {
                cell.setCellType(CellType.STRING);
                cell.setCellValue(s);
            }
            if (s.equals(ROW_MERGE)) {
                return CELL_ROW_MERGE;
            } else if (s.equals(COLUMN_MERGE)) {
                return CELL_COLUMN_MERGE;
            } else {
                return CELL_OTHER;
            }
        }
        // 是否為字串
        if (o instanceof Integer || o instanceof Long || o instanceof Double || o instanceof Float) {
            cell.setCellType(CellType.NUMERIC);
            cell.setCellValue(Double.parseDouble(o.toString()));
            return CELL_OTHER;
        }
        // 是否為Boolean
        if (o instanceof Boolean) {
            cell.setCellType(CellType.BOOLEAN);
            cell.setCellValue((Boolean) o);
            return CELL_OTHER;
        }
        // 如果是BigDecimal，則預設3位小數
        if (o instanceof BigDecimal) {
            cell.setCellType(CellType.NUMERIC);
            cell.setCellValue(((BigDecimal) o).setScale(3, RoundingMode.HALF_UP).doubleValue());
            return CELL_OTHER;
        }
        // 如果是Date資料，則顯示格式化資料
        if (o instanceof Date) {
            cell.setCellType(CellType.STRING);
            cell.setCellValue(formatDate((Date) o));
            return CELL_OTHER;
        }
        // 如果是其他，則預設字串型別
        cell.setCellType(CellType.STRING);
        cell.setCellValue(o.toString());
        return CELL_OTHER;
    }

    private static void setCellPicture(SXSSFWorkbook wb, Row sr, Drawing<?> patriarch, int x, int y, URL url) {
        // 設定圖片寬高
        sr.setHeight((short) (IMG_WIDTH * IMG_HEIGHT));
        // （jdk1.7版本try中定義流可自動關閉）
        try (InputStream is = url.openStream(); ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream()) {
            byte[] buff = new byte[BYTES_DEFAULT_LENGTH];
            int rc;
            while ((rc = is.read(buff, 0, BYTES_DEFAULT_LENGTH)) > 0) {
                outputStream.write(buff, 0, rc);
            }
            // 設定圖片位置
            XSSFClientAnchor anchor = new XSSFClientAnchor(0, 0, 0, 0, y, x, y + 1, x + 1);
            // 設定這個，圖片會自動填滿單元格的長寬
            anchor.setAnchorType(AnchorType.MOVE_AND_RESIZE);
            patriarch.createPicture(anchor, wb.addPicture(outputStream.toByteArray(), HSSFWorkbook.PICTURE_TYPE_JPEG));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private static String formatDate(Date date) {
        if (date == null) {
            return "";
        }
        SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat(DATE_FORMAT);
        return format.format(date);
    }

    private static void setSelect(Sheet sheet, Map<Integer, List<String>> selectMap) {
        if (selectMap == null || selectMap.isEmpty()) {
            return;
        }
        Set<Entry<Integer, List<String>>> entrySet = selectMap.entrySet();
        for (Entry<Integer, List<String>> entry : entrySet) {
            int y = entry.getKey();
            List<String> list = entry.getValue();
            if (list == null || list.isEmpty()) {
                continue;
            }
            String[] arr = new String[list.size()];
            for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
                arr[i] = list.get(i);
            }
            DataValidationHelper helper = sheet.getDataValidationHelper();
            CellRangeAddressList addressList = new CellRangeAddressList(1, 65000, y, y);
            DataValidationConstraint dvc = helper.createExplicitListConstraint(arr);
            DataValidation dv = helper.createValidation(dvc, addressList);
            if (dv instanceof HSSFDataValidation) {
                dv.setSuppressDropDownArrow(false);
            } else {
                dv.setSuppressDropDownArrow(true);
                dv.setShowErrorBox(true);
            }
            sheet.addValidationData(dv);
        }
    }

    private static boolean isNumeric(String str) {
        if (Objects.nonNull(str) && "0.0".equals(str)) {
            return true;
        }
        for (int i = str.length(); --i >= 0; ) {
            if (!Character.isDigit(str.charAt(i))) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }

    private static String getString(String s) {
        if (s == null) {
            return "";
        }
        if (s.isEmpty()) {
            return s;
        }
        return s.trim();
    }

}

3.Excel匯出配置

package com.information.utils;


import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

/**
   匯出配置
 */
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface ExcelExport {

    /** 欄位名稱 */
    String value();

    /** 匯出排序先後: 數字越小越靠前（預設按Java類欄位順序匯出） */
    int sort() default 0;

    /** 匯出對映，格式如：0-未知;1-男;2-女 */
    String kv() default "";

    /** 匯出模板示例值（有值的話，直接取該值，不做對映） */
    String example() default "";

}

4.Excel匯入配置

package com.information.utils;


import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

/**
   匯入配置
 */
@Target(ElementType.FIELD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface ExcelImport {

    /** 欄位名稱 */
    String value();

    /** 匯出對映，格式如：0-未知;1-男;2-女 */
    String kv() default "";

    /** 是否為必填欄位（預設為非必填） */
    boolean required() default false;

    /** 最大長度（預設255） */
    int maxLength() default 255;

    /** 匯入唯一性驗證（多個欄位則取聯合驗證） */
    boolean unique() default false;

}

三、新增user表和工具類使用方法

1.user表設定

package com.information.pojo;

import com.information.utils.ExcelExport;
import com.information.utils.ExcelImport;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.Value;

@Data
public class ExcelUser {

    //匯入時候獲取資料行號--第幾行
    private int rowNum;
    //資料匯入的時候，如果某行存在錯誤，一般我們會將原始的資料拿出來分析--get這個欄位即可
    private String rowData;
    //匯入資料的時候，如果某行資料存在欄位型別不正確 則會提示對應的錯誤資訊
    private String rowTips;
    //ExcelImport 匯入工具類中 required = true 新增必填項 unique = true 標識唯一性不可重複
    @ExcelImport(value = "姓名")
    @ExcelExport(value = "姓名",example = "張三")
    private String name;
    //ExcelImport 匯入的設定
    //ExcelExport 匯出的設定
    @ExcelImport("年齡")
    @ExcelExport(value = "年齡",example = "18")
    private Integer age;
    //在匯入資料的時候將男女自動轉換1--2
    @ExcelImport(value = "性別",kv = "1-男;2-女")
    //在匯出資料的時候將男女自動轉換1--2
    @ExcelExport(value = "性別",example = "男",kv = "1-男;2-女")
    private String sex;
    //maxLength = 11 電話控制大小
    //ExcelExport 匯出工具類中 example 的意思是 下載樣式模版的時候新增的一條樣式資料
    @ExcelImport(value = "電話")
    @ExcelExport(value = "電話",example = "13333333333")
    private String tel;
    @ExcelImport("城市")
    @ExcelExport(value = "城市",example = "上海")
    private String city;
    @ExcelImport("頭像")
    @ExcelExport(value = "城市",example = "www.touxiang.com")
    private String avatar;
}

2.工具類的使用

 /**
     * 此方法在匯入的時候 1男 2 女 sex=1性別自動轉換  
     * rowNum=2 自動獲取Excel 資料行數
     *  RowTips  提醒錯誤資訊
     * @param file
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @PostMapping("/import")
    @ResponseBody
    public JSONObject importUser(@RequestPart("file")MultipartFile file) throws Exception {
        List<ExcelUser> users = ExcelUtils.readMultipartFile(file, ExcelUser.class);
        for (ExcelUser user : users) {
            JSONObject object = new JSONObject();
            System.out.println(user.getSex());
            System.out.println(user.getName());
            System.out.println(user.getAge());
            System.out.println(user.getTel());
            System.out.println(user.getCity());
            System.out.println(user.getAvatar());
            //錯誤提示
            System.out.println(user.getRowTips());
            //列如我們手機號在user表中設定 長度11 那麼在匯入的時候你是12
            //將提示您的第2行資料的手機號碼超過11位
            object.put(Consts.MSG,"您的第"+user.getRowNum()+"行"+user.getRowTips());
            object.put(Consts.CODE,"0");
            return object;
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * 匯入多Sheet頁 
     * @param file
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @PostMapping("/import1")
    @ResponseBody
    public void upload(@RequestPart("file") MultipartFile file) throws Exception {
        Map<String, JSONArray> map = ExcelUtils.readFileManySheet(file);
        map.forEach((key, value) -> {
            System.out.println("Sheet名稱：" + key);
            System.out.println("Sheet資料：" + value);
            System.out.println("----------------------");
        });
    }

    /**
     * 下載樣式模版
     * 也就是我們在物件表中設定的example關鍵字 
     * @param response
     */
    @GetMapping("/export")
    @ResponseBody
    public void export(HttpServletResponse response) {
        ExcelUtils.exportTemplate(response, "使用者表", ExcelUser.class,true);
    }

    /**
     * 下載查詢資料--匯出
     * @param response
     */
    @GetMapping("/exportdc")
    public void exportdc(HttpServletResponse response) {
        List<ExcelUser> userList = new ArrayList<>();
        ExcelUser user1 = new ExcelUser();
        user1.setName("張三");
        user1.setAge (18);
        //性別我們也有設定 1男2女
        //ExcelImport匯入的設定 
        //@ExcelImport(value = "性別",kv = "1-男;2-女")
        //ExcelExport 匯出的設定 
        //@ExcelExport(value = "性別",kv = "1-男;2-女")
        user1.setSex("1");
        user1.setCity("成都");
        user1.setTel("13800000");
        user1.setAvatar("www");
        userList.add(user1);
        ExcelUtils.export(response,  "使用者表", userList, ExcelUser.class);
    }