背景
在之前的一篇關於無限滾動優化的文章中, 我們使用了虛擬列表來改善使用者體驗,並取得了不錯的效果。
本篇是後續,在虛擬列表中的圖片縮圖增加離屏渲染和壓縮快取的能力, 作為功能增強。
主要的處理:
增加一個用離屏渲染壓縮圖片的 Avatar 元件, 並替換原有的 Avatar 組建
;增加了 LRU Cache 來快取壓縮過後的圖片
;實驗性的加入 Web worker 防止壓縮圖片時主執行緒卡頓
;
下文主要是分享具體方法的實現, 希望對大家有所幫助。
正文
我們知道, 在虛擬列表中, 視區之外的節點是不會被渲染的, 如圖所示:
只有進入到視區, 或者設定的某個閾值, 比如上下一屏之內, 才會掛載和渲染, 以此來保持總的結點數在一個合理的範圍內, 以此較少瀏覽器的負擔, 縮短螢幕響應時間。
本地優化是針對列表中的圖片, 做了一些處理, 來提高處理效率。
詳細實現
頁面接入
// view
import AvatarWithZip from '../molecules/AvatarWithZip';
- <Avatar className="product-image" src={record.image} size={32} />
+ <AvatarWithZip className="product-image" src={record.image} size={32} openZip />
元件實現
// AvatarWithZip
import React, { useState } from 'react';
import Avatar, { AvatarProps } from 'antd/lib/avatar';
import useAvatarZipper from '@/hooks/use-avatar-zipper';
interface PropTypes extends AvatarProps{
openZip: boolean;
}
const AvatarWithZip: React.FC<PropTypes> = (props) => {
const { openZip, src, size, ...otherProps } = props;
const [localSrc, setLocalSrc] = useState(openZip ? '' : src);
const resize = useAvatarZipper(size as number);
React.useEffect(() => {
if (!openZip) {
return;
}
if (typeof src === 'string') {
resize(src).then(url => {
setLocalSrc(url);
});
} else if (typeof src === 'object') {
setLocalSrc(src);
}
// eslint-disable-next-line react-hooks/exhaustive-deps
}, [src, openZip]);
return (
<Avatar src={localSrc} size={size} {...otherProps} />
);
};
export default React.memo(AvatarWithZip);
對應封裝的 hooks
import React from 'react';
import LRU from 'lru-cache';
import AvatarZipWorker from '@/workers/avatar-zip.worker.ts';
type UseAvatarZipper = (src: string) => Promise<string>;
const MAX_IAMGE_SIZE = 1024;
const zippedCache = new LRU<string, string>({
max: 500,
});
const worker = new AvatarZipWorker();
const useAvatarZipper: (size?: number) => UseAvatarZipper = (size = 32) => {
const offScreen = React.useRef<OffscreenCanvas>(new OffscreenCanvas(size, size));
const offScreenCtx = React.useRef(offScreen.current.getContext('2d'));
React.useEffect(() => {
offScreen.current = new OffscreenCanvas(size, size);
offScreenCtx.current = offScreen.current.getContext('2d');
worker.postMessage({ type: 'init', payload: size });
}, [size]);
const resize: (src: string, max?: number) => Promise<string> = React.useCallback((src, max = MAX_IAMGE_SIZE) =>
new Promise<string>((resolve, reject) => {
const messageHandler = (event: MessageEvent) => {
const { type, payload } = event.data;
if (type === 'error') {
reject(payload);
}
const { origin, dist } = payload;
if (origin === src) {
zippedCache.set(src, dist);
resolve(dist);
}
};
if (zippedCache.has(src)) {
resolve(zippedCache.get(src) as string);
return () => {};
}
worker.postMessage({ type: 'zip', payload: { src, max } });
worker.addEventListener('message', messageHandler);
return () => {
worker.removeEventListener('message', messageHandler);
};
}),
[]);
return resize;
};
export default useAvatarZipper;
worker 實現
const ctx: Worker = self as any;
interface MessageData {
type: string;
payload: any;
}
export interface MessageReturnData {
type: string;
payload: any;
}
let offScreen: OffscreenCanvas;
let offScreenCtx: OffscreenCanvasRenderingContext2D | null;
// Respond to message from parent thread
ctx.addEventListener('message', async (event: MessageEvent<MessageData>) => {
const { data } = event;
const { type, payload } = data;
if (type === 'init') {
offScreen = new OffscreenCanvas(payload, payload);
offScreenCtx = offScreen.getContext('2d');
}
if (type === 'zip') {
const { src, max } = payload;
try {
if (!offScreenCtx) {
throw Error();
}
const res = await fetch(src);
const srcBlob = await res.blob();
const imageBitmap = await createImageBitmap(srcBlob);
if (Math.max(imageBitmap.width, imageBitmap.height) <= max) {
ctx.postMessage({
origin: src,
dist: src,
});
}
const size = offScreen.width;
offScreenCtx.clearRect(0, 0, size, size);
offScreenCtx.drawImage(imageBitmap, 0, 0, size, size);
const blobUrl = await offScreen.convertToBlob().then(blob => URL.createObjectURL(blob));
ctx.postMessage({
type: 'success',
payload: {
origin: src,
dist: blobUrl,
}
});
} catch (err) {
ctx.postMessage({
type: 'error',
payload: err,
});
}
}
});
相關配置修改
// webpack 增加配置:
{
test: /\.worker\.ts$/,
loader: 'worker-loader',
options: {
chunkFilename: '[id].[contenthash].worker.js',
},
}
// types
declare module '*.worker.ts' {
class WebpackWorker extends Worker {
constructor();
}
export default WebpackWorker;
}
總結
總的來說, 實現思路並不複雜, 主要是 worker 的實現,以及邊界異常處理, 比如降級處理等。
對 worker 不熟的同學可以參考這篇文章。
內容就這麼多, 希望對大家有所啟發。
才疏學淺,如果錯誤, 歡迎指正, 謝謝。