前端之Bootstrap框架
一、簡介
Bootstrap 是最受歡迎的 HTML、CSS 和 JS 框架,用於開發響應式佈局、移動裝置優先的 WEB 專案。
該框架是很多前端框架的鼻祖 學會它幾乎可以熟悉很多框架的原理
二、引入方式
地址:https://v3.bootcss.com/
bootstrap需要依賴於jQuery才能正常執行(動態效果)
PS: 第一次使用該框架的時候最好採用本地匯入的方式,讓pycharm記住bootstrap的關鍵字。
本地引入(最完整的)
1.引入jQuery
2.引入bootstrap的css檔案
3.引入bootstrap的js檔案
將下載完的資料夾拖到pycharm程式設計專案中即可。(推薦3.4版本非常穩定)
CDN引入
1.引入jQuery CDN
2.引入bootstrap css的 CDN
3.引入bootstrap js的 CDN
匯入到HTML檔案中的<head>即可,如下圖
三、佈局容器
下面進入第一個重要知識點,學會後就可以自己搭建頁面了。
首先了解下多數瀏覽頁面的左右兩側都有空白區域————稱謂左右留白
container 左右留白
container-fluid 左右不留白
實際效果圖:
四、柵格系統
Bootstrap 提供了一套響應式、移動裝置優先的流式柵格系統,隨著螢幕或視口(viewport)尺寸的增加,系統會自動分為最多12列,即響應式佈局。
該系統能夠自動監測瀏覽器視窗大小,從而根據大小來進行變化。
引數及使用:
row 行 # 一個row就是一行 一行是固定的12份
col-md-1 佔幾份
col-sm-1 佔幾份
col-xs-1 佔幾份
col-lg-1 佔幾份
實測:
程式碼:
點選檢視程式碼
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/jquery/3.4.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<link href="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/3.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/3.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<style>
.c1{
background-color: red;
height: 200px;
border: 5px solid black;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<div class="row"></div>
<div class="col-lg-6 c1"></div>
<div class="col-lg-6 c1"></div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
實際效果圖:
這樣只是在網頁端是分散式佈局,但是切換到移動端就變了,所以需要增加程式碼。
<div class="col-lg-6 c1 col-sm-4"></div>
<div class="col-lg-6 c1 col-sm-8"></div>
我這裡將移動端頁面改為4、8分成。
以下就是柵格系統需要掌握的程式碼引數
PS:對於小白來說,掌握這些就足夠了!
五、列偏移
列偏移:就是將任意份數的一行,進行向左或向右移動的操作。
col-md-offset-3 向右移動3份
六、表格與表單
6.1表格
編寫一個表格,如下摺疊程式碼。
點選檢視程式碼
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/jquery/3.4.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<link href="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/3.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/3.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
// 向右移動3份,居中
<div class="col-md-6 col-md-offset-3">
// 文字直接text-center即可。
<h2 class="text-center">使用者資料表單</h2>
// 新增表格的樣式,用著三個即可。
<table class="table table-hover table-bordered table-striped">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>ID</th>
<th>Name</th>
<th>Age</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>1</td>
<td>張三</td>
<td>18</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>2</td>
<td>李四</td>
<td>18</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>3</td>
<td>王五</td>
<td>18</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
使用框架調整頁面樣式一般都是操作標籤的class屬性。
即table中的class,新增了多種樣式。
class = "table"
table-hover 懸浮
table-bordered 增加邊框
table-striped 增加背景顏色
實際效果圖如下:
增加顏色後的body程式碼如下:
body程式碼
<body>
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<!-- 向右移動3份,居中-->
<div class="col-md-6 col-md-offset-3">
<!-- 文字直接text-center即可。-->
<h2 class="text-center">使用者資料表單</h2>
<!-- 新增表格的樣式,用著三個即可。-->
<table class="table table-hover table-bordered table-striped">
<thead>
<tr class="active">
<th>ID</th>
<th>Name</th>
<th>class="active"</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="success">
<td>1</td>
<td>張三</td>
<td>class="success"</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tbody>
<tr class="info">
<td>2</td>
<td>李四</td>
<td>class="info"</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tbody>
<tr class="warning">
<td>3</td>
<td>王五</td>
<td>class="warning"</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tbody>
<tr class="danger">
<td>4</td>
<td>趙六</td>
<td>class="danger"</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
實際效果圖:
6.2表單form
在form表單的優化頁面中,只需記住下面一行程式碼即可。
<input type="text" class="form-control" disabled>
form-control 優化頁面
disbaled 禁止其與使用者有任何互動
input輸入框內陰影提示:
點選檢視程式碼
<form class="form-inline">
<div class="form-group">
<label class="sr-only" for="exampleInputEmail3">Email address</label>
<input type="email" class="form-control" id="exampleInputEmail3" placeholder="Email">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label class="sr-only" for="exampleInputPassword3">Password</label>
<input type="password" class="form-control" id="exampleInputPassword3" placeholder="Password">
</div>
<div class="checkbox">
<label>
<input type="checkbox"> Remember me
</label>
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Sign in</button>
</form>
實際效果圖如下:
七、按鈕
為 a、button 或 input 元素新增按鈕類(button class)即可使用 Bootstrap 提供的樣式。
想讓誰變成按鈕,就在他標籤內新增class = "btn" 即可。
預定義樣式
預定義樣式程式碼
<!-- Standard button -->
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default">(預設樣式)Default</button>
<!-- Provides extra visual weight and identifies the primary action in a set of buttons -->
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">(首選項)Primary</button>
<!-- Indicates a successful or positive action -->
<button type="button" class="btn btn-success">(成功)Success</button>
<!-- Contextual button for informational alert messages -->
<button type="button" class="btn btn-info">(一般資訊)Info</button>
<!-- Indicates caution should be taken with this action -->
<button type="button" class="btn btn-warning">(警告)Warning</button>
<!-- Indicates a dangerous or potentially negative action -->
<button type="button" class="btn btn-danger">(危險)Danger</button>
<!-- Deemphasize a button by making it look like a link while maintaining button behavior -->
<button type="button" class="btn btn-link">(連結)Link</button>
實際效果圖如下:
八、元件
如何使用
複製圖示下面的程式碼
不要和其他元件混合使用
圖示類不能和其它元件直接聯合使用。它們不能在同一個元素上與其他類共同存在。應該建立一個巢狀的 <span> 標籤,並將圖示類應用到這個 <span> 標籤上。
只對內容為空的元素起作用
圖示類只能應用在不包含任何文字內容或子元素的元素上。
綜上以及學習bootstrap官網內容後,娛樂的程式碼如下:
點選檢視程式碼
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
<script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/jquery/3.4.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<link href="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/3.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
<script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/3.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="bootstrap-3.4.1-dist/css/bootstrap-theme.min.css">
<script src="bootstrap-3.4.1-dist/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="font-awesome-4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css">
</head>
<body>
<nav class="navbar navbar-inverse">
<div class="container-fluid">
<!-- Brand and toggle get grouped for better mobile display -->
<div class="navbar-header">
<button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1" aria-expanded="false">
<span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
</button>
<a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Brand</a>
</div>
<!-- Collect the nav links, forms, and other content for toggling -->
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">
<ul class="nav navbar-nav">
<li class="active"><a href="#">Link <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a></li>
<li><a href="#">Link</a></li>
<li class="dropdown">
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Dropdown <span class="caret"></span></a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li><a href="#">Action</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Another action</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Something else here</a></li>
<li role="separator" class="divider"></li>
<li><a href="#">Separated link</a></li>
<li role="separator" class="divider"></li>
<li><a href="#">One more separated link</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<form class="navbar-form navbar-left">
<div class="form-group">
<input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Search">
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Submit</button>
</form>
<ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
<li><a href="#">Link</a></li>
<li class="dropdown">
<a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Dropdown <span class="caret"></span></a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu">
<li><a href="#">Action</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Another action</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Something else here</a></li>
<li role="separator" class="divider"></li>
<li><a href="#">Separated link</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div><!-- /.navbar-collapse -->
</div><!-- /.container-fluid -->
</nav>
<div class="panel panel-primary">
<div class="panel-heading">
<h3 class="panel-title">標題</h3>
</div>
<div class="panel-body">
<div class="jumbotron">
<h1>Hello, world!</h1>
<p>...</p>
<p><a class="btn btn-primary btn-lg" href="#" role="button">Learn more</a></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Button trigger modal -->
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-lg" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#myModal">
Launch demo modal
</button>
<!-- Modal -->
<div class="modal fade" id="myModal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="myModalLabel">
<div class="modal-dialog" role="document">
<div class="modal-content">
<div class="modal-header">
<button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button>
<h4 class="modal-title" id="myModalLabel">Modal title</h4>
</div>
<div class="modal-body">
...
</div>
<div class="modal-footer">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-dismiss="modal">Close</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Save changes</button>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-8 col-md-offset-2">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-xs-6 col-md-3">
<a href="#" class="thumbnail">
<img src="https://img1.baidu.com/it/u=1875739781,4152007440&fm=253&fmt=auto&app=120&f=JPEG?w=1024&h=576" alt="...">
</a>
</div>
<div class="col-xs-6 col-md-3">
<a href="#" class="thumbnail">
<img src="https://img1.baidu.com/it/u=1875739781,4152007440&fm=253&fmt=auto&app=120&f=JPEG?w=1024&h=576" alt="...">
</a>
</div>
<div class="col-xs-6 col-md-3">
<a href="#" class="thumbnail">
<img src="https://img1.baidu.com/it/u=1875739781,4152007440&fm=253&fmt=auto&app=120&f=JPEG?w=1024&h=576" alt="...">
</a>
</div>
<div class="col-xs-6 col-md-3">
<a href="#" class="thumbnail">
<img src="https://img1.baidu.com/it/u=1875739781,4152007440&fm=253&fmt=auto&app=120&f=JPEG?w=1024&h=576" alt="...">
</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="progress">
<div class="progress-bar progress-bar-striped active" role="progressbar" aria-valuenow="45" aria-valuemin="0" aria-valuemax="100" style="width: 45%">
<span class="sr-only">45% Complete</span>
</div>
</div>
<div id="carousel-example-generic" class="carousel slide" data-ride="carousel">
<!-- Indicators -->
<ol class="carousel-indicators">
<li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="0" class="active"></li>
<li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="1"></li>
<li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="2"></li>
</ol>
<!-- Wrapper for slides -->
<div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox">
<div class="item active">
<img src="..." alt="...">
<div class="carousel-caption">
...
</div>
</div>
<div class="item">
<img src="..." alt="...">
<div class="carousel-caption">
...
</div>
</div>
...
</div>
<!-- Controls -->
<a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-example-generic" role="button" data-slide="prev">
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-left" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="sr-only">Previous</span>
</a>
<a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-example-generic" role="button" data-slide="next">
<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right" aria-hidden="true"></span>
<span class="sr-only">Next</span>
</a>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm-6 col-md-4">
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="https://img0.baidu.com/it/u=3112218522,2073304928&fm=253&fmt=auto&app=120&f=JPEG?w=500&h=1026" alt="...">
<div class="caption">
<h3>Thumbnail label</h3>
<p>...</p>
<p><a href="#" class="btn btn-primary" role="button">Button</a> <a href="#" class="btn btn-default" role="button">Button</a></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-6 col-md-4">
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="https://img0.baidu.com/it/u=3112218522,2073304928&fm=253&fmt=auto&app=120&f=JPEG?w=500&h=1026" alt="...">
<div class="caption">
<h3>Thumbnail label</h3>
<p>...</p>
<p><a href="#" class="btn btn-primary" role="button">Button</a> <a href="#" class="btn btn-default" role="button">Button</a></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-6 col-md-4">
<div class="thumbnail">
<img src="https://img0.baidu.com/it/u=3112218522,2073304928&fm=253&fmt=auto&app=120&f=JPEG?w=500&h=1026" alt="...">
<div class="caption">
<h3>Thumbnail label</h3>
<p>...</p>
<p><a href="#" class="btn btn-primary" role="button">Button</a> <a href="#" class="btn btn-default" role="button">Button</a></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<a href="" class="btn btn-primary">點我</a>
<input type="reset" class="btn btn-info">
<input type="reset" class="btn btn-info btn-sm">
<input type="reset" class="btn btn-info btn-lg">
<input type="reset" class="btn btn-info btn-block">
<h2 class="text-center">使用者資料 <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-heart"></span></h2>
<table class="table table-hover table-striped">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>ID</th>
<th>NAME</th>
<th>PWD</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="success">
<td>1</td>
<td>jason</td>
<td>123</td>
</tr>
<tr class="danger">
<td>2</td>
<td>kevin</td>
<td>321</td>
</tr>
<tr class="warning">
<td>3</td>
<td>tony</td>
<td>222</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
<tbody></tbody>
</table>
<h2 class="text-center">使用者註冊 <i class="fa fa-bath" aria-hidden="true" style="color: red"></i></h2>
<form action="">
<p>username:
<input type="text" class="form-control" value="jason" disabled>
</p>
<p>password:
<input type="text" class="form-control">
</p>
<p>
<input type="radio">男
<input type="radio">女
<input type="radio">其他
</p>
<p>
<select name="" id="" class="form-control">
<option value="">111</option>
<option value="">222</option>
<option value="">333</option>
</select>
</p>
<input type="submit" class="btn btn-danger btn-block">
</form>
<i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin fa-3x fa-fw"></i>
<span class="sr-only">Loading...</span>
<i class="fa fa-circle-o-notch fa-spin fa-3x fa-fw"></i>
<span class="sr-only">Loading...</span>
<i class="fa fa-refresh fa-spin fa-3x fa-fw"></i>
<span class="sr-only">Loading...</span>
<i class="fa fa-cog fa-spin fa-3x fa-fw"></i>
<span class="sr-only">Loading...</span>
<i class="fa fa-spinner fa-pulse fa-3x fa-fw"></i>
<span class="sr-only">Loading...</span>
<img src="..." alt="..." class="img-rounded">
<img src="..." alt="..." class="img-circle">
<img src="..." alt="..." class="img-thumbnail">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>