從零構建 Laravel 論壇二：搭建舞臺

一、 新建專案

1. 建立專案
   composer create-project laravel/laravel forum --prefer-dist "8.6.6"

2. 引入 Laravel Breeze 使用者認證包

   composer require laravel/breeze
   php artisan breeze:install 
   npm  install  
   npm run dev 
   php artisan migrate

二、 建立基礎表

本專案中，最基礎的模型為 Topic (話題)、 Comment (評論) 、 User (使用者)
User 表 Laravel 自帶先不做修改

2.1、 新建 Topic

1. 建立 Topic 相關檔案
   php artisan make:model Topic -a

   -a 將會自動生成對應的 Model、Factory、Migration、Seeder、Controller、Policy 等檔案

2. 修改 Migration 檔案

   . 
   . 
   public function up() { 
    Schema::create('topics', function (Blueprint $table) { 
        $table->id();
        $table->integer('user_id'); 
        $table->string('title'); 
        $table->longText('body'); 
        $table->timestamps(); 
    }); 
   } 
   .
   .

3. 執行遷移
   php artisan migrate

4. 修改 Model 檔案

    .
    .
    protected $fillable = ['user_id', 'title', 'body'];
   
    public function user()
    {
        return $this->belongsTo(User::class);
    }
    .
    .

5. 修改 Factory 檔案

    .
    .
    use App\Models\User;
    .
    .
    public function definition()
    {
        return [
            'user_id' => User::factory(),
            'title' => $this->faker->sentence,
            'body' => $this->faker->paragraph,
        ];
    }
    .
    .

6. 修改 Seeder 檔案

    .
    .
    use App\Models\User;
    use App\Models\Topic;
    .
    .
    public function run()
    {
        $users = User::all();
   
        foreach ($users as $user) {
            Topic::factory()
                ->count(mt_rand(0, 10))
                ->create([
                    'user_id' => $user->id
                ]);
        }
    }
    .
    .

2.2、 新建 Comment

1. 建立 Comment 相關檔案
   php artisan make:model Comment -a

2. 修改 Migration 檔案

   . 
   . 
   public function up() { 
    Schema::create('comments', function (Blueprint $table) { 
        $table->id();
        $table->integer('topic_id'); 
        $table->integer('user_id'); 
        $table->text('body'); 
        $table->timestamps();
    }); 
   } 
   .
   .

3. 執行遷移
   php artisan migrate

4. 修改 Model 檔案

    .
    .
    protected $fillable = ['user_id', 'topic_id', 'body'];
   
    public function user()
    {
        return $this->belongsTo(User::class);
    }
   
    public function topic()
    {
        return $this->belongsTo(Topic::class);
    }
    .
    .

5. 修改 Factory 檔案

    .
    .
    use App\Models\User;
    use App\Models\Topic;
    .
    .
    public function definition()
    {
        return [
            'topic_id' => Topic::factory(),
            'user_id' => User::factory(),
            'body' => $this->faker->paragraph,
        ];
    }
    .
    .

6. 修改 Seeder 檔案

    .
    .
    use App\Models\User;
    use App\Models\Topic;
    use App\Models\Comment;
    .
    .
    public function run()
    {
        $topics = Topic::all();
   
        foreach ($topics as $topic) {
            $users = User::inRandomOrder()->limit(mt_rand(0, 3))->get();
            foreach ($users as $user) {
                Comment::factory()
                    ->count(mt_rand(0, 3))
                    ->create([
                        'user_id' => $user->id,
                        'topic_id' => $topic->id,
                    ]);
            }
        }
    }
    .
    .

2.3、 填充測試資料

1. 修改 DatabaseSeeder 檔案

    public function run()
    {
        User::factory(10)->create();
        $this->call([
            TopicSeeder::class,
            CommentSeeder::class,
        ]);
    }

2. 執行填充
   php artisan db:seed

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