熬夜整理56個JavaScript高階的手寫知識點!!專業掃盲!

Sunshine_Lin發表於2021-11-04

前言

大家好,我是林三心,基礎是進階的前提,前面我給大家分享了本菜鳥這一年來筆記中的50個JS基礎知識點50個JS高階知識點

今天就給大家分享一下我筆記中的56個JavaScript手寫知識點

註明:此文章不含演算法題

面試常考

1、實現原生的AJAX請求

const ajax = {
    get(url, fn) {
        const xhr = new XMLHttpRequest()
        xhr.open('GET', url, true)// 第三個引數非同步與否
        xhr.onreadystatechange = function() {
            if (xhr.readyState === 4) {
                fn(xhr.responeText)
            }
        }
        xhr.send()
    },
    post(url, data, fn) {
        const xhr = new XMLHttpRequest()
        xhr.open('POST', url, true)
        xhr.setRequestHeader('Content-type','application/x-www-form-urlencoded')
        xhr.onreadystatechange = function () {
            if (xhr.readyState === 4) {
                fn(xhr.responeText)
            }
        }
        xhr.send(data)
    }
}

2、手寫 new 的過程

function myNew(fn, ...args) {

    const obj = {}

    obj.__proto__ = fn.prototype

    fn.apply(obj, args)

    return obj
}

3、instanceof關鍵字

function instanceOf(father, child) {
    const fp = father.prototype
    var cp = child.__proto__

    while (cp) {
        if (cp === fp) {
            return true
        }
        cp = cp.__proto__
    }

    return false
}

4、實現防抖函式

function debounce(fn, delay = 500) {
    let timer;
    return function () {
        if (timer) {
            clearTimeout(timer)
        }
        const args = arguments        
        timer = setTimeout(() => {
            fn.apply(this, args) // 改變this指向為呼叫debounce所指的物件
        }, delay)
    }
}

5、實現節流函式

function throttle(fn, delay = 200) {
    let flag = true
    return function () {
        if (!flag) return
        flag = false
        const args = arguments
        setTimeout(() => {
            fn.apply(this, args)
            flag = true
        }, delay)
    }
}

6、實現陣列去重

題目描述:實現一個陣列的去重
// 第一種:Map記錄
function quchong1(arr) {
    const newArr = []
    arr.reduce((pre, next) => {
        if (!pre[next]) {
            pre[next] = 1
            newArr.push(next)
        }
        return pre
    }, {})
    return newArr
}

// 第二種:Set去重
function quchong2(arr) {
    return [...new Set(arr)]
}

7、用setTimeout實現setInterval

題目描述:setinterval 用來實現迴圈定時呼叫 可能會存在一定的問題 能用 settimeout 解決嗎
function mySetTimout(fn, delay) {
    let timer = null
    const interval = () => {
        fn()
        timer = setTimeout(interval, delay)
    }
    setTimeout(interval, delay)
    return {
        cancel: () => {
            clearTimeout(timer)
        }
    }
}

// 測試
const { cancel } = mySetTimout(() => console.log(888), 1000)
setTimeout(() => {
    cancel()
}, 4000)

8、用setInterval實現setTimeout

題目說明:沒有,就是想刁難你
function mySetInterval(fn, delay) {
    const timer = setInterval(() => {
        fn()
        clearInterval(timer)
    }, delay)
}

// 測試
mySetInterval(() => console.log(888), 1000)

9、實現一個compose函式

題目說明:實現以下效果
function fn1(x) {
    return x + 1;
}
function fn2(x) {
    return x + 2;
}
function fn3(x) {
    return x + 3;
}
function fn4(x) {
    return x + 4;
}
const a = compose(fn1, fn2, fn3, fn4);
console.log(a)
console.log(a(1)); // 1+2+3+4=11
實現如下:
function compose(...fn) {
    if (fn.length === 0) return (num) => num
    if (fn.length === 1) return fn[0]
    return fn.reduce((pre, next) => {
        return (num) => {
            return next(pre(num))
        }
    })
}

10、實現一個科裡化函式

題目要求:
const add = (a, b, c) => a + b + c;
const a = currying(add, 1);
console.log(a(2,3)) // 1 + 2 + 3=6
實現如下:
function currying(fn, ...args1) {
  // 獲取fn引數有幾個
  const length = fn.length
  let allArgs = [...args1]
  const res = (...arg2) => {
    allArgs = [...allArgs, ...arg2]
    // 長度相等就返回執行結果
    if (allArgs.length === length) {
      return fn(...allArgs)
    } else {
      // 不相等繼續返回函式
      return res
    }
  }
  return res
}

// 測試:
const add = (a, b, c) => a + b + c;
const a = currying(add, 1);
console.log(a(2,3))

11、實現一個LRU快取函式

題目說明:

image.png

實現如下:
class LRUCache {
  constructor(size) {
    this.size = size
    this.cache = new Map()
  }

  get(key) {
    const hasKey = this.cache.has(key)
    if (hasKey) {
      const val = this.cache.get(key)
      this.cache.delete(key)
      this.cache.set(key, val)
      return val
    } else {
      return -1
    }
  }

  put(key, val) {
    const hasKey = this.cache.has(key)
    if (hasKey) {
      this.cache.delete(key)
    }
    this.cache.set(key, val)
    if (this.cache.size > this.size) {
      this.cache.delete(this.cache.keys().next().value)
    }
  }

}

12、簡單實現 釋出訂閱模式

題目描述:實現一個釋出訂閱模式擁有 on emit once off 方法
class EventEmitter {
    constructor() {
        this.cache = {}
    }

    on(name, fn) {
        const tasks = this.cache[name]
        if (tasks) {
            this.cache[name].push(fn)
        } else {
            this.cache[name] = [fn]
        }
    }

    off(name, fn) {
        const tasks = this.cache[name]
        if (task) {
            const index = tasks.findIndex(item => item === fn)
            if (index >= 0) {
                this.cache[name].splice(index, 1)
            }
        }
    }

    emit(name, once = false, ...args) {
        // 複製一份。防止回撥裡繼續on,導致死迴圈
        const tasks = this.cache[name].slice()
        if (tasks) {
            for (let fn of tasks) {
                fn(...args)
            }
        }
        if (once) {
            delete this.cache[name]
        }
    }

    once(name, ...args) {
        this.emit(name, true, ...args)
    }
}

13、實現JSON.parse

題目描述:實現 JSON.parse
function parse (json) {
    return eval("(" + json + ")");
}

14、將DOM轉化成樹結構物件

題目描述:
<div>
    <span></span>
    <ul>
        <li></li>
        <li></li>
    </ul>
</div>

將上方的DOM轉化為下面的樹結構物件

{
    tag: 'DIV',
    children: [
        { tag: 'SPAN', children: [] },
        {
            tag: 'UL',
            children: [
                { tag: 'LI', children: [] },
                { tag: 'LI', children: [] }
            ]
        }
    ]
}
實現如下:
function dom2tree(dom) {
    const obj = {}
    obj.tag = dom.tagName
    obj.children = []
    dom.childNodes.forEach(child => obj.children.push(dom2tree(child)))
    return obj
}

15、將樹結構轉換為DOM

題目描述:
{
    tag: 'DIV',
    children: [
        { tag: 'SPAN', children: [] },
        {
            tag: 'UL',
            children: [
                { tag: 'LI', children: [] },
                { tag: 'LI', children: [] }
            ]
        }
    ]
}

將上方的樹結構物件轉化為下面的DOM

<div>
    <span></span>
    <ul>
        <li></li>
        <li></li>
    </ul>
</div>
實現如下:
// 真正的渲染函式
function _render(vnode) {
  // 如果是數字型別轉化為字串
  if (typeof vnode === "number") {
    vnode = String(vnode);
  }
  // 字串型別直接就是文字節點
  if (typeof vnode === "string") {
    return document.createTextNode(vnode);
  }
  // 普通DOM
  const dom = document.createElement(vnode.tag);
  if (vnode.attrs) {
    // 遍歷屬性
    Object.keys(vnode.attrs).forEach((key) => {
      const value = vnode.attrs[key];
      dom.setAttribute(key, value);
    });
  }
  // 子陣列進行遞迴操作
  vnode.children.forEach((child) => dom.appendChild(_render(child)));
  return dom;
}

16、判斷一個物件有環引用

題目描述:驗證一個物件有無環引用
var obj = {
    a: {
        c: [
            1, 2
        ]
    },
    b: 1
}
obj.a.c.d = obj
console.log(cycleDetector(obj)) // true
實現思路:用一個陣列儲存每一個遍歷過的物件,下次找到陣列中存在,則說明環引用
function cycleDetector(obj) {
    const arr = [obj]
    let flag = false

    function cycle(o) {
        const keys = Object.keys(o)
        for (const key of keys) {
            const temp = o[key]
            if (typeof temp === 'object' && temp !== null) {
                if (arr.indexOf(temp) >= 0) {
                    flag = true
                    return
                }
                arr.push(temp)
                cycle(temp)
            }
        }
    }

    cycle(obj)

    return flag
}

17、計算一個物件的層數

題目描述:給你一個物件,統計一下它的層數
const obj = {
    a: { b: [1] },
    c: { d: { e: { f: 1 } } }
}

console.log(loopGetLevel(obj)) // 4
實現如下:
function loopGetLevel(obj) {
    var res = 1;

    function computedLevel(obj, level) {
        var level = level ? level : 0;
        if (typeof obj === 'object') {
            for (var key in obj) {
                if (typeof obj[key] === 'object') {
                    computedLevel(obj[key], level + 1);
                } else {
                    res = level + 1 > res ? level + 1 : res;
                }
            }
        } else {
            res = level > res ? level : res;
        }
    }
    computedLevel(obj)

    return res
}

18、物件的扁平化

題目描述:
const obj = {
  a: {
         b: 1,
         c: 2,
         d: {e: 5}
     },
  b: [1, 3, {a: 2, b: 3}],
  c: 3
 }
 
 flatten(obj) 結果返回如下
 // {
 //  'a.b': 1,
 //  'a.c': 2,
 //  'a.d.e': 5,
 //  'b[0]': 1,
 //  'b[1]': 3,
 //  'b[2].a': 2,
 //  'b[2].b': 3
 //   c: 3
 // }
實現如下:
const isObject = (val) =>  typeof val === "object" && val !== null

function flatten(obj) {
  if (!isObject(obj)) return
  const res = {}
  const dfs = (cur, prefix) => {
    if (isObject(cur)) {
      if (Array.isArray(cur)) {
        cur.forEach((item, index) => {
          dfs(item, `${prefix}[${index}]`)
        })
      } else {
        for(let key in cur) {
          dfs(cur[key], `${prefix}${prefix ? '.' : ''}${key}`)
        }
      }
    } else {
      res[prefix] = cur
    }
  }
  dfs(obj, '')
  return res
}

// 測試
console.log(flatten(obj))

19、實現(a == 1 && a == 2 && a == 3)為true

題目描述: 實現(a == 1 && a == 2 && a == 3)為true
// 第一種方法
var a = {
  i: 1,
  toString: function () {
    return a.i++;
  }
}
console.log(a == 1 && a == 2 && a == 3) // true

// 第二種方法
var a = [1, 2, 3];
a.join = a.shift;
console.log(a == 1 && a == 2 && a == 3); // true

// 第三種方法
var val = 0;
Object.defineProperty(window, 'a', {
    get: function () {
        return ++val;
    }
});
console.log(a == 1 && a == 2 && a == 3) // true

20、實現限制併發的Promise排程器

題目描述:JS 實現一個帶併發限制的非同步排程器 Scheduler,保證同時執行的任務最多有兩個
addTask(1000,"1");
addTask(500,"2");
addTask(300,"3");
addTask(400,"4");
的輸出順序是:2 3 1 4

整個的完整執行流程:

一開始1、2兩個任務開始執行
500ms時,2任務執行完畢,輸出2,任務3開始執行
800ms時,3任務執行完畢,輸出3,任務4開始執行
1000ms時,1任務執行完畢,輸出1,此時只剩下4任務在執行
1200ms時,4任務執行完畢,輸出4
實現如下:
class Scheduler {
  constructor(limit) {
    this.queue = []
    this.limit = limit
    this.count = 0
  }
  

  add(time, order) {
    const promiseCreator = () => {
      return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
        setTimeout(() => {
          console.log(order)
          resolve()
        }, time)
      })
    }
    this.queue.push(promiseCreator)
  }

  taskStart() {
    for(let i = 0; i < this.limit; i++) {
      this.request()
    }
  }

  request() {
    if (!this.queue.length || this.count >= this.limit) return
    this.count++
    this.queue.shift()().then(() => {
      this.count--
      this.request()
    })
  }
}

// 測試
const scheduler = new Scheduler(2);
const addTask = (time, order) => {
  scheduler.add(time, order);
};
addTask(1000, "1");
addTask(500, "2");
addTask(300, "3");
addTask(400, "4");
scheduler.taskStart();

21、實現lazyMan函式

題目描述:
實現一個LazyMan,可以按照以下方式呼叫:
LazyMan(“Hank”)輸出:
Hi! This is Hank!

LazyMan(“Hank”).sleep(10).eat(“dinner”)輸出
Hi! This is Hank!
//等待10秒..
Wake up after 10
Eat dinner~

LazyMan(“Hank”).eat(“dinner”).eat(“supper”)輸出
Hi This is Hank!
Eat dinner~
Eat supper~

LazyMan(“Hank”).eat(“supper”).sleepFirst(5)輸出
//等待5秒
Wake up after 5
Hi This is Hank!
Eat supper
實現如下:
class _LazyMan {
  constructor(name) {
    this.tasks = []
    const task = () => {
      console.log(`Hi! This is ${name}`)
      this.next()
    }
    this.tasks.push(task)
    setTimeout(() => {
      this.next()
    }, 0)
  }
  next() {
    const task = this.tasks.shift()
    task && task()
  }
  sleep(time) {
    this.sleepWrapper(time, false)
    return this
  }
  sleepFirst(time) {
    this.sleepWrapper(time, true)
    return this
  }
  sleepWrapper(time, first) {
    const task = () => {
      setTimeout(() => {
        console.log(`Wake up after ${time}`)
        this.next()
      }, time * 1000)
    }
    if (first) {
      this.tasks.unshift(task)
    } else {
      this.tasks.push(task)
    }
  }
  eat(food) {
    const task = () => {
      console.log(`Eat ${food}`);
      this.next();
    };
    this.tasks.push(task);
    return this;
  }
}

// 測試
const lazyMan = (name) => new _LazyMan(name)

lazyMan('Hank').sleep(1).eat('dinner')

lazyMan('Hank').eat('dinner').eat('supper')

lazyMan('Hank').eat('supper').sleepFirst(5)

22、實現add函式

題目描述:實現一個 add 方法 使計算結果能夠滿足如下預期:

  • add(1)(2)(3)()=6
  • add(1,2,3)(4)()=10
function add(...args1) {
  let allArgs = [...args1]

  function fn(...args2) {
    if (!args2.length) return fn.toString()
    allArgs = [...allArgs, ...args2]
    return fn
  }

  fn.toString = function () {
    return allArgs.reduce((pre, next) => pre + next)
  }

  return fn
}

// 測試
console.log(add(1)(2)(3)())
console.log(add(1, 2)(3)())

23、實現一個合格的深拷貝

推薦看我這篇:深拷貝有這5個段位,你只是青銅段位?還想漲薪?

24、實現 Promise

推薦看我這篇:看了就會,手寫Promise原理,最通俗易懂的版本!!!【閱讀:1.3w,點贊:460】

25、實現 async/await

推薦看我這篇:7張圖,20分鐘就能搞定的async/await原理!為什麼要拖那麼久?【閱讀:2.15w,點贊:460】

Array篇

定義一個測試陣列

const players = [
    { name: '科比', num: 24 },
    { name: '詹姆斯', num: 23 },
    { name: '保羅', num: 3 },
    { name: '威少', num: 0 },
    { name: '杜蘭特', num: 35 }
]

26、forEach

引數代表含義

  • item:遍歷項
  • index:遍歷項的索引
  • arr:陣列本身

    Array.prototype.sx_forEach = function (callback) {
      for (let i = 0; i < this.length; i++) {
          callback(this[i], i, this)
      }
    }
    
    players.sx_forEach((item, index, arr) => {
      console.log(item, index)
    })
    // { name: '科比', num: 24 } 0
    // { name: '詹姆斯', num: 23 } 1
    // { name: '保羅', num: 3 } 2
    // { name: '威少', num: 0 } 3
    // { name: '杜蘭特', num: 35 } 4

    27、map

    引數代表含義

  • item:遍歷項
  • index:遍歷項的索引
  • arr:陣列本身

    Array.prototype.sx_map = function (callback) {
      const res = []
      for (let i = 0; i < this.length; i++) {
          res.push(callback(this[i], i, this))
      }
      return res
    }
    
    console.log(players.sx_map((item, index) => `${item.name}--${item.num}--${index}`))
    // [ '科比--24--0', '詹姆斯--23--1', '保羅--3--2', '威少--0--3', '杜蘭特--35--4' ]

    28、filter

    引數代表含義

  • item:遍歷項
  • index:遍歷項的索引
  • arr:陣列本身

    Array.prototype.sx_filter = function (callback) {
      const res = []
      for (let i = 0; i < this.length; i++) {
          callback(this[i], i, this) && res.push(this[i])
      }
      return res
    }
    
    console.log(players.sx_filter(item => item.num >= 23))
    // [
    //     { name: '科比', num: 24 },
    //     { name: '詹姆斯', num: 23 },
    //     { name: '杜蘭特', num: 35 }
    // ]

    29、every

    引數代表含義

  • item:遍歷項
  • index:遍歷項的索引
  • arr:陣列本身

    Array.prototype.sx_every = function (callback) {
      let flag = true
      for (let i = 0; i < this.length; i++) {
          flag = callback(this[i], i, this)
          if (!flag) break
      }
    
      return flag
    }
    
    console.log(players.sx_every(item => item.num >= 23)) // false
    console.log(players.sx_every(item => item.num >= 0)) // true

    30、some

    引數代表含義

  • item:遍歷項
  • index:遍歷項的索引
  • arr:陣列本身

    Array.prototype.sx_some = function (callback) {
      let flag = false
      for (let i = 0; i < this.length; i++) {
          flag = callback(this[i], i, this)
          if (flag) break
      }
    
      return flag
    }
    
    console.log(players.sx_some(item => item.num >= 23)) // true
    console.log(players.sx_some(item => item.num >= 50)) // false

31、reduce

引數代表含義

  • pre:前一項
  • next:下一項
  • index:當前索引
  • arr:陣列本身

    Array.prototype.sx_reduce = function (callback, initValue) {
      let start = 0, pre
      if (initValue) {
          pre = initValue
      } else {
          pre = this[0]
          start = 1
      }
      for (let i = start; i < this.length; i++) {
          pre = callback(pre, this[i], i, this)
      }
      return pre
    }
    
    // 計算所有num相加
    const sum = players.sx_reduce((pre, next) => {
      return pre + next.num
    }, 0)
    console.log(sum) // 85

32、findIndex

引數代表含義

  • item:遍歷項
  • index:遍歷項的索引
  • arr:陣列本身

    Array.prototype.sx_findIndex = function (callback) {
      for (let i = 0; i < this.length; i++) {
          if (callback(this[i], i, this)) {
              return i
          }
      }
      return -1
    }
    
    console.log(players.sx_findIndex(item => item.name === '科比')) // 0
    console.log(players.sx_findIndex(item => item.name === '安東尼')) // -1

33、find

引數代表含義

  • item:遍歷項
  • index:遍歷項的索引
  • arr:陣列本身

    Array.prototype.sx_find = function (callback) {
      for (let i = 0; i < this.length; i++) {
          if (callback(this[i], i, this)) {
              return this[i]
          }
      }
      return undefined
    }
    
    console.log(players.sx_find(item => item.name === '科比')) // { name: '科比', num: 24 }
    console.log(players.sx_find(item => item.name === '安東尼')) // undefined

34、fill

用處:填充陣列

引數代表含義

  • initValue:填充的值
  • start:開始填充索引,預設0
  • end:結束填充索引,預設length
Array.prototype.sx_fill = function (value, start = 0, end) {
  end = end || this.length
  for (let i = start; i < end; i++) {
      this[i] = value
  }
  return this
}

console.log(players.sx_fill('林三心', 1, 3))
// [
//     { name: '科比', num: 24 },
//     '林三心',
//     '林三心',
//     '林三心',
//     { name: '杜蘭特', num: 35 }
// ]

35、includes

用處:查詢元素,查到返回true,反之返回false,可查詢NaN

Array.prototype.sx_includes = function (value, start = 0) {
    if (start < 0) start = this.length + start
    const isNaN = Number.isNaN(value)
    for (let i = start; i < this.length; i++) {
        if (this[i] === value || Number.isNaN(this[i]) === isNaN) {
            return true
        }
    }
    return false
}

console.log([1, 2, 3].sx_includes(2)) // true
console.log([1, 2, 3, NaN].sx_includes(NaN)) // true
console.log([1, 2, 3].sx_includes(1, 1)) // false

36、join

用處:將陣列用分隔符拼成字串,分隔符預設為,

Array.prototype.sx_join = function (s = ',') {
    let str = ''
    for(let i = 0; i < this.length; i++) {
        str = i === 0 ? `${str}${this[i]}` : `${str}${s}${this[i]}`
    }
    return str
}

console.log([1, 2, 3].sx_join()) // 1,2,3
console.log([1, 2, 3].sx_join('*')) // 1*2*3

37、flat

Array.prototype.sx_flat = function () {
    let arr = this
    while (arr.some(item => Array.isArray(item))) {
        arr = [].concat(...arr)
    }
    return arr
}

const testArr = [1, [2, 3, [4, 5]], [8, 9]]

console.log(testArr.sx_flat())
// [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9]

38、splice

難點

  • 擷取長度和替換長度的比較,不同情況

    Array.prototype.sx_splice = function (start, length, ...values) {
    length = start + length > this.length - 1 ? this.length - start : length
    const res = [], tempArr = [...this]
    for (let i = start; i < start + values.length; i++) {
      this[i] = values[i - start]
    }
    if (values.length < length) {
      const cha = length - values.length
      for (let i = start + values.length; i < tempArr.length; i++) {
        this[i] = tempArr[i + cha]
      }
      this.length = this.length - cha 
    }
    if (values.length > length) {
      for (let i = start + length; i < tempArr.length; i++) {
        this.push(tempArr[i])
      }
    }
    for (let i = start; i < start + length; i++) {
      res.push(tempArr[i])
    }
    return res
    }

Object篇

定義一個測試物件

const obj = {
    name: '林三心',
    age: 22,
    gender: '男'
}

39、entries

用處:將物件轉成鍵值對陣列

Object.prototype.sx_entries = function (obj) {
    const res = []
    for (let key in obj) {
        obj.hasOwnProperty(key) && res.push([key, obj[key]])
    }
    return res
}

console.log(Object.sx_entries(obj))
// [ [ 'name', '林三心' ], [ 'age', 22 ], [ 'gender', '男' ] ]

40、fromEntries

用處:跟entries相反,將鍵值對陣列轉成物件

Object.prototype.sx_fromEntries = function (arr) {
    const obj = {}
    for (let i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
        const [key, value] = arr[i]
        obj[key] = value
    }
    return obj
}

console.log(Object.sx_fromEntries([['name', '林三心'], ['age', 22], ['gender', '男']]))
// { name: '林三心', age: 22, gender: '男' }

41、keys

用處:將物件的key轉成一個陣列合集

Object.prototype.sx_keys = function (obj) {
    const keys = []
    for (let key in obj) {
        obj.hasOwnProperty(key) && res.push(key)
    }
    return keys
}

console.log(Object.keys(obj))
// [ 'name', 'age', 'gender' ]

42、values

用處:將物件的所有值轉成陣列合集

Object.prototype.sx_values = function (obj) {
    const values = []
    for (let key in obj) {
        obj.hasOwnProperty(key) && values.push(obj[key])
    }
    return values
}

console.log(Object.sx_values(obj))
// [ '林三心', 22, '男' ]

43、instanceOf

用處:A instanceOf B,判斷A是否經過B的原型鏈

function instanceOf(father, child) {
    const fp = father.prototype
    var cp = child.__proto__

    while (cp) {
        if (cp === fp) {
            return true
        }
        cp = cp.__proto__
    }

    return false
}

function Person(name) {
    this.name = name
}
const sx = new Person('林三心')

console.log(instanceOf(Person, sx)) // true
console.log(instanceOf(Person, sx2)) // false

44、is

用處:Object.is(a, b),判斷a是否等於b

Object.prototype.sx_is = function (x, y) {
    if (x === y) {
        // 防止 -0 和 +0
        return x !== 0 || 1 / x === 1 / y
    }

    // 防止NaN
    return x !== x && y !== y
}

const a = { name: '林三心' }
const b = a
const c = { name: '林三心' }

console.log(Object.sx_is(a, b)) // true
console.log(Object.sx_is(a, c)) // false

45、Object.assign

難點

  • assign接收多個物件,並將多個物件合成一個物件
  • 這些物件如果有重名屬性,以後來的物件屬性值為準
  • assign返回一個物件,這個物件 === 第一個物件

    Object.prototype.sx_assign = function (target, ...args) {
      if (target === null || target === undefined) {
          throw new TypeError('Cannot convert undefined or null to object')
      }
      target = Object(target)
    
      for (let nextObj of args) {
          for (let key in nextObj) {
              nextObj.hasOwnProperty(key) && (target[key] = nextObj[key])
          }
      }
      return target
    }
    
    const testa = { name: '林三心' }
    const testb = { name: 'sunshine_lin', age: 22 }
    const testc = { age: 18, gender: '男' }
    
    const testd = Object.sx_assign(testa, testb, testc)
    console.log(testd) // { name: 'sunshine_lin', age: 18, gender: '男' }
    console.log(testa === testd) // true

Function篇

46、call

Function.prototype.sx_call = function (obj, ...args) {
    obj = obj || window

    // Symbol是唯一的,防止重名key
    const fn = Symbol()
    obj[fn] = this

    // 執行,返回執行值
    return obj[fn](...args)
}

const testobj = {
    name: '林三心',
    testFn(age) {
        console.log(`${this.name}${age}歲了`)
    }
}
const testobj2 = {
    name: 'sunshine_lin'
}

testobj.testFn.sx_call(testobj2, 22) // sunshine_lin22歲了

47、apply

Function.prototype.sx_apply = function (obj, args) {
    obj = obj || window

    // Symbol是唯一的,防止重名key
    const fn = Symbol()
    obj[fn] = this

    // 執行,返回執行值
    return obj[fn](...args)
}

const testobj = {
    name: '林三心',
    testFn(age) {
        console.log(`${this.name}${age}歲了`)
    }
}
const testobj2 = {
    name: 'sunshine_lin'
}

testobj.testFn.sx_apply(testobj2, [22]) // sunshine_lin22歲了

48、Function.prototype.bind

難點:

  • bind是返回一個函式,而不是執行結果
  • bind返回的函式,拿來當做建構函式,該怎麼處理

    Function.prototype.sx_bind = function (obj, ...args) {
      obj = obj || window
    
      // Symbol是唯一的,防止重名key
      const fn = Symbol()
      obj[fn] = this
      const _this = this
    
      const res = function (...innerArgs) {
          console.log(this, _this)
          if (this instanceof _this) {
              this[fn] = _this
              this[fn](...[...args, ...innerArgs])
              delete this[fn]
          } else {
              obj[fn](...[...args, ...innerArgs])
              delete obj[fn]
          }
      }
      res.prototype = Object.create(this.prototype)
      return res
    }

String篇

49、slice

引數代表含義

  • start:開始擷取的字元索引(包含此字元)
  • end:結束擷取的字元索引(不包含此字元)
    注意點
  • start > end:返回空字串
  • start < 0:start = 陣列長度 + start
String.prototype.sx_slice = function (start = 0, end) {
    start = start < 0 ? this.length + start : start
    end = !end && end !== 0 ? this.length : end

    if (start >= end) return ''
    let str = ''
    for (let i = start; i < end; i++) {
        str += this[i]
    }

    return str
}

console.log(str.sx_slice(2)) // nshine_lin
console.log(str.sx_slice(-2)) // in
console.log(str.sx_slice(-9, 10)) // shine_l
console.log(str.sx_slice(5, 1)) // ''

50、substr

引數代表含義

  • start:開始擷取的字元索引(包含此字元)
  • length:擷取的長度
    注意點
  • start < 0:start = 陣列長度 + start
  • length超出所能擷取範圍,需要做處理
  • length < 0:返回空字串
String.prototype.sx_substr = function (start = 0, length) {
    if (length < 0) return ''

    start = start < 0 ? this.length + start : start
    length = (!length && length !== 0) || length > this.length - start ? this.length : start + length

    let str = ''
    for (let i = start; i < length; i++) {
        str += this[i]
    }
    return str
}

console.log(str.sx_substr(3)) // shine_lin
console.log(str.sx_substr(3, 3)) // shi
console.log(str.sx_substr(5, 300)) // ine_lin

51、substring

功能與slice大致相同

區別之處

  • start > end:互換值

    String.prototype.sx_sunstring = function (start = 0, end) {
      start = start < 0 ? this.length + start : start
      end = !end && end !== 0 ? this.length : end
    
      if (start >= end) [start, end] = [end, start]
      let str = ''
      for (let i = start; i < end; i++) {
          str += this[i]
      }
    
      return str
    }
    
    console.log(str.sx_sunstring(2)) // nshine_lin
    console.log(str.sx_sunstring(-2)) // in
    console.log(str.sx_sunstring(-9, 10)) // shine_l
    console.log(str.sx_sunstring(5, 1)) // unsh

Promise篇

52、all

  • 接收一個Promise陣列,陣列中如有非Promise項,則此項當做成功
  • 如果所有Promise都成功,則返回成功結果陣列
  • 如果有一個Promise失敗,則返回這個失敗結果

      function all(promises) {
          const result = []
          let count = 0
          return new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
              const addData = (index, value) => {
                  result[index] = value
                  count++
                  if (count === promises.length) resolve(result)
              }
              promises.forEach((promise, index) => {
                  if (promise instanceof MyPromise) {
                      promise.then(res => {
                          addData(index, res)
                      }, err => reject(err))
                  } else {
                      addData(index, promise)
                  }
              })
          })
      }

    53、race

  • 接收一個Promise陣列,陣列中如有非Promise項,則此項當做成功
  • 哪個Promise最快得到結果,就返回那個結果,無論成功失敗

      function race(promises) {
          return new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
              promises.forEach(promise => {
                  if (promise instanceof MyPromise) {
                      promise.then(res => {
                          resolve(res)
                      }, err => {
                          reject(err)
                      })
                  } else {
                      resolve(promise)
                  }
              })
          })
      }

    54、allSettled

  • 接收一個Promise陣列,陣列中如有非Promise項,則此項當做成功
  • 把每一個Promise的結果,集合成陣列,返回

      function allSettled(promises) {
          return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
              const res = []
              let count = 0
              const addData = (status, value, i) => {
                  res[i] = {
                      status,
                      value
                  }
                  count++
                  if (count === promises.length) {
                      resolve(res)
                  }
              }
              promises.forEach((promise, i) => {
                  if (promise instanceof MyPromise) {
                      promise.then(res => {
                          addData('fulfilled', res, i)
                      }, err => {
                          addData('rejected', err, i)
                      })
                  } else {
                      addData('fulfilled', promise, i)
                  }
              })
          })
      }

    55、any

    any與all相反

  • 接收一個Promise陣列,陣列中如有非Promise項,則此項當做成功
  • 如果有一個Promise成功,則返回這個成功結果
  • 如果所有Promise都失敗,則報錯

      function any(promises) {
          return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
              let count = 0
              promises.forEach((promise) => {
                  promise.then(val => {
                      resolve(val)
                  }, err => {
                      count++
                      if (count === promises.length) {
                          reject(new AggregateError('All promises were rejected'))
                      }
                  })
              })
          })
      }
    }

    56、finally

  • 接收一個回撥函式,但無引數接收
  • 無論成功失敗狀態,都會執行finally

    Promise.prototype.finally = function(callback) {
    return this.then(res => {
      callback()
      return res
    }, err => {
      callback()
      throw err
    })
    }

    結語

image.png

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