FastAPI(56)- 使用 Websocket 打造一個迷你聊天室

小菠蘿測試筆記發表於2021-10-05

背景

  • 在實際專案中,可能會通過前端框架使用 WebSocket 和後端進行通訊
  • 這裡就來詳細講解下 FastAPI 是如何操作 WebSocket 的

 

模擬 WebSocket 客戶端

#!usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 _*-
"""
# author: 小菠蘿測試筆記
# blog:  https://www.cnblogs.com/poloyy/
# time: 2021/10/5 5:26 下午
# file: 46_websocket.py
"""
import uvicorn
from fastapi import FastAPI, WebSocket

from fastapi.responses import HTMLResponse

app = FastAPI()

html = """
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        <title>小菠蘿聊天室</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <h1>小菠蘿聊天室</h1>
        <form action="" onsubmit="sendMessage(event)">
            <input type="text" id="messageText" autocomplete="off"/>
            <button>Send</button>
        </form>
        <ul id='messages'>
        </ul>
        <script>
            // 載入頁面,自動建立一個 WebSocket 連線
            var ws = new WebSocket("ws://localhost:8080/ws");

            // 收到訊息
            ws.onmessage = function(event) {
                // 獲取輸入框的值
                var messages = document.getElementById('messages')
                // 建立一個 li 元素
                var message = document.createElement('li')
                // 接收 event 的 data
                var content = document.createTextNode(event.data)
                message.appendChild(content)
                messages.appendChild(message)
            };

            // 傳送訊息方法
            function sendMessage(event) {
                var input = document.getElementById("messageText")
                ws.send(input.value)
                input.value = ''
                event.preventDefault()
            }
        </script>
    </body>
</html>
"""


# 返回一段 HTML 程式碼給前端
@app.get("/")
async def get():
    return HTMLResponse(html)


@app.websocket("/ws")
async def websocket_endpoint(websocket: WebSocket):
    # 1、ws 連線
    await websocket.accept()
    while True:
        # 2、接收客戶端傳送的內容
        data = await websocket.receive_text()

        # 3、服務端傳送內容
        await websocket.send_text(f"小菠蘿收到的訊息是: {data}")


if __name__ == '__main__':
    uvicorn.run(app="46_websocket:app", reload=True, host="127.0.0.1", port=8080)

 

啟動 uvicorn 伺服器,訪問 127.0.0.1:8080/

客戶端、服務端建立 WebSocket 連線成功

 

傳送聊天資訊

每發一條訊息,均會顯示在列表中

 

可以在其他地方使用 WebSocket

  • Depends
  • Security
  • Cookie
  • Header
  • Path
  • Query

 

在依賴項中使用 WebSocket

from typing import Optional
import uvicorn
from fastapi import FastAPI, WebSocket, Cookie, Query, status, Depends

from fastapi.responses import HTMLResponse

app = FastAPI()

html = """
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        <title>Chat</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <h1>小菠蘿聊天室</h1>
        <form action="" onsubmit="sendMessage(event)">
            <label>Item ID: <input type="text" id="itemId" autocomplete="off" value="foo"/></label>
            <label>Token: <input type="text" id="token" autocomplete="off" value="some-key-token"/></label>
            <button onclick="connect(event)">Connect</button>
            <hr>
            <label>Message: <input type="text" id="messageText" autocomplete="off"/></label>
            <button>Send</button>
        </form>
        <ul id='messages'>
        </ul>
        <script>
        var ws = null;
            function connect(event) {
                var itemId = document.getElementById("itemId")
                var token = document.getElementById("token")
                ws = new WebSocket("ws://localhost:8080/items/" + itemId.value + "/ws?token=" + token.value);
                ws.onmessage = function(event) {
                    var messages = document.getElementById('messages')
                    var message = document.createElement('li')
                    var content = document.createTextNode(event.data)
                    message.appendChild(content)
                    messages.appendChild(message)
                };
                event.preventDefault()
            }
            function sendMessage(event) {
                var input = document.getElementById("messageText")
                ws.send(input.value)
                input.value = ''
                event.preventDefault()
            }
        </script>
    </body>
</html>
"""


@app.get("/")
async def get():
    return HTMLResponse(html)


async def get_cookie_or_token(
        websocket: WebSocket,
        session: Optional[str] = Cookie(None),
        token: Optional[str] = Query(None)
):
    # 模擬:如果 session 和 token 都為空,則關閉 websocket
    if session or token:
        return session or token
    await websocket.close(code=status.WS_1008_POLICY_VIOLATION)


@app.websocket("/items/{item_id}/ws")
async def websocket_depends(
        websocket: WebSocket,
        item_id: str,
        q: Optional[str] = None,
        # 依賴項
        cookie_or_token: str = Depends(get_cookie_or_token)
):
    # 1、建立 websocket 連線
    await websocket.accept()

    while True:
        # 2、接收客戶端傳送的內容
        data = await websocket.receive_text()
        # 3、服務端傳送內容
        await websocket.send_text(f"cookie or token value is:{cookie_or_token}")
        if q:
            # 4、如果有傳查詢引數 q,則再發一條
            await websocket.send_text(f"query param value is:{q}")
        # 5、最後再發一條資訊
        await websocket.send_text(f"Message text was: {data}, for item ID: {item_id}")


if __name__ == '__main__':
    uvicorn.run(app="46_websocket:app", reload=True, host="127.0.0.1", port=8080)

  

傳送聊天資訊

不帶查詢引數 q

 

帶查詢引數 q

  

當 WebSocket 連線關閉時

 await websocket.receive_text()  將引發 WebSocketDisconnect 異常,這不是期望看到的結果

 

處理斷開連線和多個客戶端

from typing import List

import uvicorn
from fastapi import FastAPI, WebSocket, WebSocketDisconnect, status

from fastapi.responses import HTMLResponse

app = FastAPI()

html = """
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        <title>Chat</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <h1>WebSocket Chat</h1>
        <h2>Your ID: <span id="ws-id"></span></h2>
        <form action="" onsubmit="sendMessage(event)">
            <input type="text" id="messageText" autocomplete="off"/>
            <button>Send</button>
        </form>
        <ul id='messages'>
        </ul>
        <script>
            var client_id = Date.now()
            document.querySelector("#ws-id").textContent = client_id;
            var ws = new WebSocket(`ws://localhost:8080/ws/${client_id}`);
            ws.onmessage = function(event) {
                var messages = document.getElementById('messages')
                var message = document.createElement('li')
                var content = document.createTextNode(event.data)
                message.appendChild(content)
                messages.appendChild(message)
            };
            function sendMessage(event) {
                var input = document.getElementById("messageText")
                ws.send(input.value)
                input.value = ''
                event.preventDefault()
            }
        </script>
    </body>
</html>
"""


# 返回一段 HTML 程式碼給前端
@app.get("/")
async def get():
    return HTMLResponse(html)

# 處理和廣播訊息到多個 WebSocket 連線
class ConnectionManager:
    def __init__(self):
        self.active_connections: List[WebSocket] = []

    async def connect(self, websocket: WebSocket):
        await websocket.accept()
        self.active_connections.append(websocket)

    def disconnect(self, websocket: WebSocket):
        self.active_connections.remove(websocket)

    async def send_personal_message(self, message: str, websocket: WebSocket):
        await websocket.send_text(message)

    async def broadcast(self, message: str):
        for connection in self.active_connections:
            await connection.send_text(message)


manager = ConnectionManager()


@app.websocket("/ws/{client_id}")
async def websocket_endpoint(client_id: str, websocket: WebSocket):
    # 1、客戶端、服務端建立 ws 連線
    await manager.connect(websocket)
    # 2、廣播某個客戶端進入聊天室
    await manager.broadcast(f"{client_id} 進入了聊天室")
    try:
        while True:
            # 3、服務端接收客戶端傳送的內容
            data = await websocket.receive_text()
            # 4、廣播某個客戶端傳送的訊息
            await manager.broadcast(f"{client_id} 傳送訊息:{data}")
            # 5、服務端回覆客戶端
            await manager.send_personal_message(f"服務端回覆{client_id}:你傳送的資訊是:{data}", websocket)
    except WebSocketDisconnect:
        # 6、若有客戶端斷開連線,廣播某個客戶端離開了
        manager.disconnect(websocket)
        await manager.broadcast(f"{client_id} 離開了聊天室")


if __name__ == '__main__':
    uvicorn.run(app="48_websocket_handler:app", reload=True, host="127.0.0.1", port=8080)
  • 模擬一個小型聊天室的場景
  • 新的客戶端進來,所有人都會收到新客戶端進入聊天室的訊息
  • 某個客戶端傳送訊息,所有人都能看到
  • 某個客戶端退出了(關閉瀏覽器),所有人都會收到該客戶端退出聊天室的訊息

 

瀏覽器開啟三個 tab 均訪問 127.0.0.1:8080

 

關掉其中一個客戶端(tab)

 

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