前言
在我們開發專案API介面的時候,一些沒有資料的欄位會預設返回NULL,數字型別也會是NULL,這個時候前端希望字串能夠統一返回空字元,數字預設返回0,那我們就需要自定義json序列化處理
SpringBoot預設的json解析方案
我們知道在springboot中有預設的json解析器,Spring Boot 中預設使用的 Json 解析技術框架是 jackson
。我們點開 pom.xml 中的 spring-boot-starter-web
依賴,可以看到一個 spring-boot-starter-json
依賴:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-json</artifactId>
<version>2.4.7</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
Spring Boot 中對依賴都做了很好的封裝,可以看到很多 spring-boot-starter-xxx 系列的依賴,這是 Spring Boot 的特點之一,不需要人為去引入很多相關的依賴了,starter-xxx 系列直接都包含了所必要的依賴,所以我們再次點進去上面這個 spring-boot-starter-json
依賴,可以看到:
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>2.11.4</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-datatype-jdk8</artifactId>
<version>2.11.4</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-datatype-jsr310</artifactId>
<version>2.11.4</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.module</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-module-parameter-names</artifactId>
<version>2.11.4</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
我們在controller中返回json時候通過註解@ResponseBody
就可以自動幫我們將服務端返回的物件序列化成json字串,在傳遞json body引數時候 通過在物件引數上@RequestBody
註解就可以自動幫我們將前端傳過來的json字串反序列化成java物件
這些功能都是通過HttpMessageConverter
這個訊息轉換工具類來實現的
SpringMVC自動配置了Jackson
和Gson
的HttpMessageConverter,SpringBoot對此做了自動化配置
JacksonHttpMessageConvertersConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.http.JacksonHttpMessageConvertersConfiguration
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
@ConditionalOnClass(ObjectMapper.class)
@ConditionalOnBean(ObjectMapper.class)
@ConditionalOnProperty(name = HttpMessageConvertersAutoConfiguration.PREFERRED_MAPPER_PROPERTY,
havingValue = "jackson", matchIfMissing = true)
static class MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverterConfiguration {
@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter.class,
ignoredType = {
"org.springframework.hateoas.server.mvc.TypeConstrainedMappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter",
"org.springframework.data.rest.webmvc.alps.AlpsJsonHttpMessageConverter" })
MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter mappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter(ObjectMapper objectMapper) {
return new MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter(objectMapper);
}
}
JacksonAutoConfiguration
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jackson.JacksonAutoConfiguration
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
@ConditionalOnClass(Jackson2ObjectMapperBuilder.class)
static class JacksonObjectMapperConfiguration {
@Bean
@Primary
@ConditionalOnMissingBean
ObjectMapper jacksonObjectMapper(Jackson2ObjectMapperBuilder builder) {
return builder.createXmlMapper(false).build();
}
}
Gson的自動化配置類
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.http.GsonHttpMessageConvertersConfiguration
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
@ConditionalOnBean(Gson.class)
@Conditional(PreferGsonOrJacksonAndJsonbUnavailableCondition.class)
static class GsonHttpMessageConverterConfiguration {
@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean
GsonHttpMessageConverter gsonHttpMessageConverter(Gson gson) {
GsonHttpMessageConverter converter = new GsonHttpMessageConverter();
converter.setGson(gson);
return converter;
}
}
自定義SprinBoot的JSON解析
日期格式解析
預設返回的是時間戳型別格式,但是時間戳會少一天需要在資料庫連線url上加上時區如:
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:p6spy:mysql://47.100.78.146:3306/mall?zeroDateTimeBehavior=convertToNull&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&serverTimezone=GMT%2B8&autoReconnect=true
- 使用
@JsonFormat
註解自定義格式
@JsonFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd")
private Date birthday;
但是這種要對每個實體類中的日期欄位都需要新增此註解不夠靈活
- 全域性新增
在配置檔案中直接新增spring.jackson.date-format=yyyy-MM-dd
NULL欄位不返回
- 在介面中如果不需要返回null欄位可以使用
@JsonInclude
註解
@JsonInclude(JsonInclude.Include.NON_NULL)
private String title;
但是這種要對每個實體類中的欄位都需要新增此註解不夠靈活
- 全域性新增 在配置檔案中直接新增
spring.jackson.default-property-inclusion=non_null
自定義欄位序列化
自定義null字串
型別欄位返回空字元NullStringJsonSerializer
序列化
public class NullStringJsonSerializer extends JsonSerializer {
@Override
public void serialize(Object o, JsonGenerator jsonGenerator, SerializerProvider serializerProvider) throws IOException {
if (o == null) {
jsonGenerator.writeString("");
}
}
}
自定義null數字
型別欄位返回0預設值NullIntegerJsonSerializer
序列化
public class NullIntegerJsonSerializer extends JsonSerializer {
@Override
public void serialize(Object o, JsonGenerator jsonGenerator, SerializerProvider serializerProvider) throws IOException {
if (o == null) {
jsonGenerator.writeNumber(0);
}
}
}
自定義浮點小數
型別4舍5入保留2位小數DoubleJsonSerialize
序列化
public class DoubleJsonSerialize extends JsonSerializer {
private DecimalFormat df = new DecimalFormat("##.00");
@Override
public void serialize(Object value, JsonGenerator jsonGenerator, SerializerProvider serializerProvider) throws IOException {
if (value != null) {
jsonGenerator.writeString(NumberUtil.roundStr(value.toString(), 2));
}else{
jsonGenerator.writeString("0.00");
}
}
}
自定義NullArrayJsonSerializer
序列化
public class NullArrayJsonSerializer extends JsonSerializer {
@Override
public void serialize(Object o, JsonGenerator jsonGenerator, SerializerProvider serializerProvider) throws IOException {
if(o==null){
jsonGenerator.writeStartArray();
}else {
jsonGenerator.writeObject(o);
}
}
}
自定義BeanSerializerModifier
使用我們自己的序列化器進行bean序列化
public class MyBeanSerializerModifier extends BeanSerializerModifier {
private JsonSerializer _nullArrayJsonSerializer = new NullArrayJsonSerializer();
private JsonSerializer _nullStringJsonSerializer = new NullStringJsonSerializer();
private JsonSerializer _nullIntegerJsonSerializer = new NullIntegerJsonSerializer();
private JsonSerializer _doubleJsonSerializer = new DoubleJsonSerialize();
@Override
public List changeProperties(SerializationConfig config, BeanDescription beanDesc,
List beanProperties) { // 迴圈所有的beanPropertyWriter
for (int i = 0; i < beanProperties.size(); i++) {
BeanPropertyWriter writer = (BeanPropertyWriter) beanProperties.get(i);
// 判斷欄位的型別,如果是array,list,set則註冊nullSerializer
if (isArrayType(writer)) { //給writer註冊一個自己的nullSerializer
writer.assignNullSerializer(this.defaultNullArrayJsonSerializer());
}
if (isStringType(writer)) {
writer.assignNullSerializer(this.defaultNullStringJsonSerializer());
}
if (isIntegerType(writer)) {
writer.assignNullSerializer(this.defaultNullIntegerJsonSerializer());
}
if (isDoubleType(writer)) {
writer.assignSerializer(this.defaultDoubleJsonSerializer());
}
}
return beanProperties;
} // 判斷是什麼型別
protected boolean isArrayType(BeanPropertyWriter writer) {
Class clazz = writer.getPropertyType();
return clazz.isArray() || clazz.equals(List.class) || clazz.equals(Set.class);
}
protected boolean isStringType(BeanPropertyWriter writer) {
Class clazz = writer.getPropertyType();
return clazz.equals(String.class);
}
protected boolean isIntegerType(BeanPropertyWriter writer) {
Class clazz = writer.getPropertyType();
return clazz.equals(Integer.class) || clazz.equals(int.class) || clazz.equals(Long.class);
}
protected boolean isDoubleType(BeanPropertyWriter writer) {
Class clazz = writer.getPropertyType();
return clazz.equals(Double.class) || clazz.equals(BigDecimal.class);
}
protected JsonSerializer defaultNullArrayJsonSerializer() {
return _nullArrayJsonSerializer;
}
protected JsonSerializer defaultNullStringJsonSerializer() {
return _nullStringJsonSerializer;
}
protected JsonSerializer defaultNullIntegerJsonSerializer() {
return _nullIntegerJsonSerializer;
}
protected JsonSerializer defaultDoubleJsonSerializer() {
return _doubleJsonSerializer;
}
}
應用我們自己bean序列化使其生效 提供MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter類
在配置類中提供MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter類,使用ObjectMapper 做全域性的序列化
@Configuration
public class ClassJsonConfiguration {
@Bean
public MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter mappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter() {
final MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter converter = new MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter();
ObjectMapper mapper = converter.getObjectMapper();
// 為mapper註冊一個帶有SerializerModifier的Factory,此modifier主要做的事情為:判斷序列化型別,根據型別指定為null時的值
mapper.setSerializerFactory(mapper.getSerializerFactory().withSerializerModifier(new MyBeanSerializerModifier()));
return converter;
}
}
此類會代替SpringBoot預設的json解析方案。事實上,此類中起作用的是ObjectMapper
類,因此也可直接配置此類。
@Bean
public ObjectMapper om() {
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
// 為mapper註冊一個帶有SerializerModifier的Factory,此modifier主要做的事情為:判斷序列化型別,根據型別指定為null時的值
mapper.setSerializerFactory(mapper.getSerializerFactory().withSerializerModifier(new MyBeanSerializerModifier()));
return mapper;
}
通過上面方式自定義序列化,還可以通過註解 @JsonSerialize
序列化自定義如:
@Component
public class DoubleSerialize extends JsonSerializer<Double> {
private DecimalFormat df = new DecimalFormat("##.00");
@Override
public void serialize(Double value, JsonGenerator gen, SerializerProvider serializers)
throws IOException, JsonProcessingException {
if(value != null) {
gen.writeString(df.format(value));
}
}
}
然後再需要使用欄位上面加上
@JsonSerialize(using = DoubleJsonSerialize.class)
private BigDecimal price;
配置檔案jackson詳細配置
spring:
jackson:
# 設定屬性命名策略,對應jackson下PropertyNamingStrategy中的常量值,SNAKE_CASE-返回的json駝峰式轉下劃線,json body下劃線傳到後端自動轉駝峰式
property-naming-strategy: SNAKE_CASE
# 全域性設定@JsonFormat的格式pattern
date-format: yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss
# 當地時區
locale: zh
# 設定全域性時區
time-zone: GMT+8
# 常用,全域性設定pojo或被@JsonInclude註解的屬性的序列化方式
default-property-inclusion: NON_NULL #不為空的屬性才會序列化,具體屬性可看JsonInclude.Include
# 常規預設,列舉類SerializationFeature中的列舉屬性為key,值為boolean設定jackson序列化特性,具體key請看SerializationFeature原始碼
serialization:
WRITE_DATES_AS_TIMESTAMPS: true # 返回的java.util.date轉換成timestamp
FAIL_ON_EMPTY_BEANS: true # 物件為空時是否報錯,預設true
# 列舉類DeserializationFeature中的列舉屬性為key,值為boolean設定jackson反序列化特性,具體key請看DeserializationFeature原始碼
deserialization:
# 常用,json中含pojo不存在屬性時是否失敗報錯,預設true
FAIL_ON_UNKNOWN_PROPERTIES: false
# 列舉類MapperFeature中的列舉屬性為key,值為boolean設定jackson ObjectMapper特性
# ObjectMapper在jackson中負責json的讀寫、json與pojo的互轉、json tree的互轉,具體特性請看MapperFeature,常規預設即可
mapper:
# 使用getter取代setter探測屬性,如類中含getName()但不包含name屬性與setName(),傳輸的vo json格式模板中依舊含name屬性
USE_GETTERS_AS_SETTERS: true #預設false
# 列舉類JsonParser.Feature列舉類中的列舉屬性為key,值為boolean設定jackson JsonParser特性
# JsonParser在jackson中負責json內容的讀取,具體特性請看JsonParser.Feature,一般無需設定預設即可
parser:
ALLOW_SINGLE_QUOTES: true # 是否允許出現單引號,預設false
# 列舉類JsonGenerator.Feature列舉類中的列舉屬性為key,值為boolean設定jackson JsonGenerator特性,一般無需設定預設即可
# JsonGenerator在jackson中負責編寫json內容,具體特性請看JsonGenerator.Feature