ZYNQ FLASH+EMMC手動移植LINUX啟動

小翁同學發表於2021-07-27
Linux

前言

雖可使用Petalinux進行移植，簡單方便，但為了更清楚明白的瞭解整個流程，還是嘗試了一波手動移植。

參考資料

ZYNQ Linux 移植：包含petalinux移植和手動移植debian9

ZYNQ #5 - 從vivado工程開始，從emmc啟動Linux_裡先森-CSDN部落格

流程

對於手動移植，所需的檔案為：

BOOT.bin(FSBL+fpga_bit檔案+u_boot.elf)、uImage、devicetree.dtb、uEnv.txt、檔案系統

檔案放置位置說明：

FLASH：BOOT.bin(FSBL+fpga_bit檔案+u_boot.elf)

EMMC：

第一個分割槽放置：uImage、devicetree.dtb、uEnv.txt

第二個分割槽放置：檔案系統

啟動流程為：板子設定為QSPI啟動模式，FSBL執行調u-boot執行，u-boot根據uEnv.txt調EMMC分割槽1中的核心執行，核心最後跳到分割槽二中的檔案系統。

FSBL、bit檔案、uImage、檔案系統都可複用SD卡移植模式下的內容：參考參考資料第一個連結。

本文章主要講述的重點在於：u-boot、裝置樹、uEnv.txt的更改部分

板子主要資訊說明：板子晶片：ZYNQ7035，板子的除錯列印串列埠為PS0，板子上有SD卡(SD0)、EMMC(SD1)，板子上有FLASH。其他外設不贅述。

u-boot移植說明：

1.下載u-boot原始碼：git clone [https://github.com/Xilinx/u-boot-xlnx.git](https://github.com/Xilinx/u-boot-xlnx.git)

NOTE：u-boot xilinx-v2018.3版本的zynq-common.h跟xilinx-v2018.1版本的不一樣，這裡檢出v2018.1版本使用。

主要是CONFIG_EXTRA_ENV_SETTINGS 環境變數不一致。

預設的如下所示：

/* Default environment */
#ifndef CONFIG_EXTRA_ENV_SETTINGS
#define CONFIG_EXTRA_ENV_SETTINGS	\
	"ethaddr=00:0a:35:00:01:22\0"	\
	"kernel_image=uImage\0"	\
	"kernel_load_address=0x2080000\0" \
	"ramdisk_image=uramdisk.image.gz\0"	\
	"ramdisk_load_address=0x4000000\0"	\
	"devicetree_image=devicetree.dtb\0"	\
	"devicetree_load_address=0x2000000\0"	\
	"bitstream_image=system.bit.bin\0"	\
	"boot_image=BOOT.bin\0"	\
	"loadbit_addr=0x100000\0"	\
	"loadbootenv_addr=0x2000000\0" \
	"kernel_size=0x500000\0"	\
	"devicetree_size=0x20000\0"	\
	"ramdisk_size=0x5E0000\0"	\
	"boot_size=0xF00000\0"	\
	"fdt_high=0x20000000\0"	\
	"initrd_high=0x20000000\0"	\
	"bootenv=uEnv.txt\0" \
	"loadbootenv=load mmc 0 ${loadbootenv_addr} ${bootenv}\0" \
	"importbootenv=echo Importing environment from SD ...; " \
		"env import -t ${loadbootenv_addr} $filesize\0" \
	"sd_uEnvtxt_existence_test=test -e mmc 0 /uEnv.txt\0" \
	"preboot=if test $modeboot = sdboot && env run sd_uEnvtxt_existence_test; " \
			"then if env run loadbootenv; " \
				"then env run importbootenv; " \
			"fi; " \
		"fi; \0" \
	"mmc_loadbit=echo Loading bitstream from SD/MMC/eMMC to RAM.. && " \
		"mmcinfo && " \
		"load mmc 0 ${loadbit_addr} ${bitstream_image} && " \
		"fpga load 0 ${loadbit_addr} ${filesize}\0" \
	"norboot=echo Copying Linux from NOR flash to RAM... && " \
		"cp.b 0xE2100000 ${kernel_load_address} ${kernel_size} && " \
		"cp.b 0xE2600000 ${devicetree_load_address} ${devicetree_size} && " \
		"echo Copying ramdisk... && " \
		"cp.b 0xE2620000 ${ramdisk_load_address} ${ramdisk_size} && " \
		"bootm ${kernel_load_address} ${ramdisk_load_address} ${devicetree_load_address}\0" \
	"qspiboot=echo Copying Linux from QSPI flash to RAM... && " \
		"sf probe 0 0 0 && " \
		"sf read ${kernel_load_address} 0x100000 ${kernel_size} && " \
		"sf read ${devicetree_load_address} 0x600000 ${devicetree_size} && " \
		"echo Copying ramdisk... && " \
		"sf read ${ramdisk_load_address} 0x620000 ${ramdisk_size} && " \
		"bootm ${kernel_load_address} ${ramdisk_load_address} ${devicetree_load_address}\0" \
	"uenvboot=" \
		"if run loadbootenv; then " \
			"echo Loaded environment from ${bootenv}; " \
			"run importbootenv; " \
		"fi; " \
		"if test -n $uenvcmd; then " \
			"echo Running uenvcmd ...; " \
			"run uenvcmd; " \
		"fi\0" \
	"sdboot=if mmcinfo; then " \
			"run uenvboot; " \
			"echo Copying Linux from SD to RAM... && " \
			"load mmc 0 ${kernel_load_address} ${kernel_image} && " \
			"load mmc 0 ${devicetree_load_address} ${devicetree_image} && " \
			"load mmc 0 ${ramdisk_load_address} ${ramdisk_image} && " \
			"bootm ${kernel_load_address} ${ramdisk_load_address} ${devicetree_load_address}; " \
		"fi\0" \
	"usbboot=if usb start; then " \
			"run uenvboot; " \
			"echo Copying Linux from USB to RAM... && " \
			"load usb 0 ${kernel_load_address} ${kernel_image} && " \
			"load usb 0 ${devicetree_load_address} ${devicetree_image} && " \
			"load usb 0 ${ramdisk_load_address} ${ramdisk_image} && " \
			"bootm ${kernel_load_address} ${ramdisk_load_address} ${devicetree_load_address}; " \
		"fi\0" \
	"nandboot=echo Copying Linux from NAND flash to RAM... && " \
		"nand read ${kernel_load_address} 0x100000 ${kernel_size} && " \
		"nand read ${devicetree_load_address} 0x600000 ${devicetree_size} && " \
		"echo Copying ramdisk... && " \
		"nand read ${ramdisk_load_address} 0x620000 ${ramdisk_size} && " \
		"bootm ${kernel_load_address} ${ramdisk_load_address} ${devicetree_load_address}\0" \
	"jtagboot=echo TFTPing Linux to RAM... && " \
		"tftpboot ${kernel_load_address} ${kernel_image} && " \
		"tftpboot ${devicetree_load_address} ${devicetree_image} && " \
		"tftpboot ${ramdisk_load_address} ${ramdisk_image} && " \
		"bootm ${kernel_load_address} ${ramdisk_load_address} ${devicetree_load_address}\0" \
	"rsa_norboot=echo Copying Image from NOR flash to RAM... && " \
		"cp.b 0xE2100000 0x100000 ${boot_size} && " \
		"zynqrsa 0x100000 && " \
		"bootm ${kernel_load_address} ${ramdisk_load_address} ${devicetree_load_address}\0" \
	"rsa_nandboot=echo Copying Image from NAND flash to RAM... && " \
		"nand read 0x100000 0x0 ${boot_size} && " \
		"zynqrsa 0x100000 && " \
		"bootm ${kernel_load_address} ${ramdisk_load_address} ${devicetree_load_address}\0" \
	"rsa_qspiboot=echo Copying Image from QSPI flash to RAM... && " \
		"sf probe 0 0 0 && " \
		"sf read 0x100000 0x0 ${boot_size} && " \
		"zynqrsa 0x100000 && " \
		"bootm ${kernel_load_address} ${ramdisk_load_address} ${devicetree_load_address}\0" \
	"rsa_sdboot=echo Copying Image from SD to RAM... && " \
		"load mmc 0 0x100000 ${boot_image} && " \
		"zynqrsa 0x100000 && " \
		"bootm ${kernel_load_address} ${ramdisk_load_address} ${devicetree_load_address}\0" \
	"rsa_jtagboot=echo TFTPing Image to RAM... && " \
		"tftpboot 0x100000 ${boot_image} && " \
		"zynqrsa 0x100000 && " \
		"bootm ${kernel_load_address} ${ramdisk_load_address} ${devicetree_load_address}\0" \
		DFU_ALT_INFO \
		BOOTENV
#endif

可以看到其上定義了一堆的東西及不同的啟動指令。

不同的啟動指令由#define CONFIG_BOOTCOMMAND指定。

這裡想FLASH+EMMC啟動，則可以選擇sdboot，同時因為EMMC是SD1，所以上述的檔案需要進行更改：更改uEnv.txt的儲存位置為mmc 1；去掉sdboot中的ramdisk，及儲存kernel、裝置樹位置為mmc 1；修改bootm引數。

	"loadbootenv=load mmc 1 ${loadbootenv_addr} ${bootenv}\0" \
	"importbootenv=echo Importing environment from SD ...; " \
		"env import -t ${loadbootenv_addr} $filesize\0" \
	"sd_uEnvtxt_existence_test=test -e mmc 1 /uEnv.txt\0" \

"sdboot=if mmcinfo; then " \
			"run uenvboot; " \
			"echo Copying Linux from hahahah SD to RAM... && " \
			"load mmc 1 ${kernel_load_address} ${kernel_image} && " \
			"load mmc 1 ${devicetree_load_address} ${devicetree_image} && " \
			"bootm ${kernel_load_address} - ${devicetree_load_address}; " \
		"fi\0" \

上述命令的執行邏輯為：u-boot啟動後，執行sdboot指令：

（1）裝載uEnv.txt檔案並執行；

（2）裝載核心、裝置樹；

（3）執行；

2.由於是自己做的板子，則可以基於類似的板子defconfig進行修改適配u-boot：這裡使用zynq_zed_defconfig檔案：

（1）增加傳統映象檔案支援：CONFIG_IMAGE_FORMAT_LEGACY=y

（2）因為已經知道是從EMMC啟動相關檔案，則可直接指定：CONFIG_BOOTCOMMAND="mmc dev 1;run sdboot"

mmc dev 1是為了避免u-boot死鎖bug(移植petalinux中u-boot存在，為官方bug，這裡加上，不知道有沒有用)；sdboot會直接呼叫執行zynq-common.h中的對應選項。

（3）因為板子上串列埠使用的是PS0，修改：CONFIG_DEBUG_UART_BASE=0xe0000000（地址可在裝置樹中檢視）

檔案參考：

CONFIG_ARM=y
CONFIG_ARCH_ZYNQ=y
CONFIG_SYS_TEXT_BASE=0x4000000
CONFIG_SPL_STACK_R_ADDR=0x200000
CONFIG_DEFAULT_DEVICE_TREE="zynq-zed"
CONFIG_DEBUG_UART=y
CONFIG_DISTRO_DEFAULTS=y
CONFIG_IMAGE_FORMAT_LEGACY=y
CONFIG_FIT=y
CONFIG_FIT_SIGNATURE=y
CONFIG_FIT_VERBOSE=y
CONFIG_BOOTCOMMAND="mmc dev 1;run sdboot"
# CONFIG_DISPLAY_CPUINFO is not set
CONFIG_SPL=y
CONFIG_SPL_STACK_R=y
CONFIG_SPL_OS_BOOT=y
CONFIG_SYS_PROMPT="Zynq> "
CONFIG_CMD_THOR_DOWNLOAD=y
CONFIG_CMD_DFU=y
# CONFIG_CMD_FLASH is not set
CONFIG_CMD_FPGA_LOADBP=y
CONFIG_CMD_FPGA_LOADFS=y
CONFIG_CMD_FPGA_LOADMK=y
CONFIG_CMD_FPGA_LOADP=y
CONFIG_CMD_GPIO=y
CONFIG_CMD_MMC=y
CONFIG_CMD_SF=y
CONFIG_CMD_USB=y
# CONFIG_CMD_SETEXPR is not set
CONFIG_CMD_TFTPPUT=y
CONFIG_CMD_CACHE=y
CONFIG_CMD_EXT4_WRITE=y
CONFIG_OF_EMBED=y
CONFIG_ENV_IS_IN_SPI_FLASH=y
CONFIG_NET_RANDOM_ETHADDR=y
CONFIG_SPL_DM_SEQ_ALIAS=y
CONFIG_DFU_MMC=y
CONFIG_DFU_RAM=y
CONFIG_FPGA_XILINX=y
CONFIG_DM_GPIO=y
CONFIG_MMC_SDHCI=y
CONFIG_MMC_SDHCI_ZYNQ=y
CONFIG_SPI_FLASH=y
CONFIG_SPI_FLASH_BAR=y
CONFIG_SF_DUAL_FLASH=y
CONFIG_SPI_FLASH_SPANSION=y
CONFIG_SPI_FLASH_STMICRO=y
CONFIG_SPI_FLASH_WINBOND=y
CONFIG_PHY_MARVELL=y
CONFIG_PHY_REALTEK=y
CONFIG_PHY_XILINX=y
CONFIG_ZYNQ_GEM=y
CONFIG_DEBUG_UART_ZYNQ=y
CONFIG_DEBUG_UART_BASE=0xe0000000
CONFIG_DEBUG_UART_CLOCK=50000000
CONFIG_ZYNQ_SERIAL=y
CONFIG_ZYNQ_QSPI=y
CONFIG_USB=y
CONFIG_USB_EHCI_HCD=y
CONFIG_USB_ULPI_VIEWPORT=y
CONFIG_USB_ULPI=y
CONFIG_USB_STORAGE=y
CONFIG_USB_GADGET=y
CONFIG_USB_GADGET_MANUFACTURER="Xilinx"
CONFIG_USB_GADGET_VENDOR_NUM=0x03fd
CONFIG_USB_GADGET_PRODUCT_NUM=0x0300
CONFIG_CI_UDC=y
CONFIG_USB_GADGET_DOWNLOAD=y

3.修改u-boot的裝置樹：實際上u-boot也帶了裝置樹，這裡需要進行修改：

（1）修改uart為uart0；

（2）修改SD為mmc1；

（3）去除QSPI中的分割槽表；

檔案參考：

/*
 * Xilinx ZED board DTS
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 2011 - 2015 Xilinx
 *  Copyright (C) 2012 National Instruments Corp.
 *
 * SPDX-License-Identifier:	GPL-2.0+
 */
/dts-v1/;
#include "zynq-7000.dtsi"

/ {
	model = "Zynq Zed Development Board";
	compatible = "xlnx,zynq-zed", "xlnx,zynq-7000";

	aliases {
		ethernet0 = &gem0;
		serial0 = &uart0;
		spi0 = &qspi;
		mmc1 = &sdhci1;
	};

	memory@0 {
		device_type = "memory";
		reg = <0x0 0x20000000>;
	};

	chosen {
		bootargs = "";
		stdout-path = "serial0:115200n8";
	};

	usb_phy0: phy0@e0002000 {
		compatible = "ulpi-phy";
		#phy-cells = <0>;
		reg = <0xe0002000 0x1000>;
		view-port = <0x0170>;
		drv-vbus;
	};
};

&clkc {
	ps-clk-frequency = <33333333>;
};

&gem0 {
	status = "okay";
	phy-mode = "rgmii-id";
	phy-handle = <&ethernet_phy>;

	ethernet_phy: ethernet-phy@0 {
		reg = <0>;
		device_type = "ethernet-phy";
	};
};

&qspi {
	u-boot,dm-pre-reloc;
	status = "okay";
	is-dual = <0>;
	num-cs = <1>;
	flash@0 {
		compatible = "n25q128a11";
		reg = <0x0>;
		spi-tx-bus-width = <1>;
		spi-rx-bus-width = <4>;
		spi-max-frequency = <50000000>;
		#address-cells = <1>;
		#size-cells = <1>;

	};
};

&sdhci1 {
	u-boot,dm-pre-reloc;
	status = "okay";
};

&uart0 {
	u-boot,dm-pre-reloc;
	status = "okay";
};

&usb0 {
	status = "okay";
	dr_mode = "host";
	usb-phy = <&usb_phy0>;
};
  1. 編譯u-boot：

清除中間編譯：

make distclean

使用配置檔案：

make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- zynq_zed_defconfig

通過下述指令可在介面中uboot進行進一步修改配置：改defconfig檔案也可以，暫時預設即可

make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- menuconfig

工具編譯：

make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- tools

編譯u-boot：

make CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf-

  1. 修改總裝置樹的boottags：console=ttyPS0,115200n8 root=/dev/mmcblk1p2 rw noinitrd rootfstype=ext4 rootwait

  2. 修改uEnv.txt為：mmc 0修改為mmc 1；root=/dev/mmcblk1p2

bootargs=console=ttyPS0,115200 root=/dev/mmcblk1p2 rw earlyprintk rootfstype=ext4 rootwait
load_image=fatload mmc 1 ${kernel_load_address} ${kernel_image} && fatload mmc 1 ${devicetree_load_address} ${devicetree_image}
uenvcmd=echo Copying Linux from SD to RAM... && mmcinfo &&  run load_image && bootm ${kernel_load_address} - ${devicetree_load_address}
  1. 組裝BOOT.bin，不贅述。
  2. 燒錄BOOT.bin到FLASH，對EMMC進行分割槽，EMMC分割槽一中放置uImage、devicetree.dtb、uEnv.txt,EMMC分割槽二中放置檔案系統即可。
  3. 啟動。
U-Boot 2018.01-dirty (Jul 26 2021 - 20:05:00 +0800)

Model: Zynq Zed Development Board
Board: Xilinx Zynq
Silicon: v3.1
DRAM:  ECC disabled 512 MiB
MMC:   sdhci_transfer_data: Error detected in status(0x208000)!
sdhci@e0101000: 1 (eMMC)
SF: Detected s25fl128s_64k with page size 256 Bytes, erase size 64 KiB, total 16 MiB
*** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment

In:    serial@e0000000
Out:   serial@e0000000
Err:   serial@e0000000
Net:   ZYNQ GEM: e000b000, phyaddr 0, interface rgmii-id
eth0: ethernet@e000b000
Hit any key to stop autoboot:  0 
sdhci_transfer_data: Error detected in status(0x208000)!
switch to partitions #0, OK
mmc1(part 0) is current device
Device: sdhci@e0101000
Manufacturer ID: 13
OEM: 14e
Name: Q2J55 
Tran Speed: 25000000
Rd Block Len: 512
MMC version 5.0
High Capacity: Yes
Capacity: 7.1 GiB
Bus Width: 4-bit
Erase Group Size: 512 KiB
HC WP Group Size: 8 MiB
User Capacity: 7.1 GiB WRREL
Boot Capacity: 16 MiB ENH
RPMB Capacity: 4 MiB ENH
reading uEnv.txt
356 bytes read in 11 ms (31.3 KiB/s)
Loaded environment from uEnv.txt
Importing environment from SD ...
Running uenvcmd ...
Copying Linux from SD to RAM...
Device: sdhci@e0101000
Manufacturer ID: 13
OEM: 14e
Name: Q2J55 
Tran Speed: 25000000
Rd Block Len: 512
MMC version 5.0
High Capacity: Yes
Capacity: 7.1 GiB
Bus Width: 4-bit
Erase Group Size: 512 KiB
HC WP Group Size: 8 MiB
User Capacity: 7.1 GiB WRREL
Boot Capacity: 16 MiB ENH
RPMB Capacity: 4 MiB ENH
reading uImage
4001616 bytes read in 377 ms (10.1 MiB/s)
reading devicetree.dtb
17052 bytes read in 18 ms (924.8 KiB/s)
## Booting kernel from Legacy Image at 02080000 ...
   Image Name:   Linux-4.14.0-xilinx
   Image Type:   ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
   Data Size:    4001552 Bytes = 3.8 MiB
   Load Address: 00008000
   Entry Point:  00008000
   Verifying Checksum ... OK
## Flattened Device Tree blob at 02000000
   Booting using the fdt blob at 0x2000000
   Loading Kernel Image ... OK
   Loading Device Tree to 1eb12000, end 1eb1929b ... OK

以上。

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