[20201221]KTFB Bitmapped File Space Header的恢復.txt
[20201221]KTFB Bitmapped File Space Header的恢復.txt
--//上個星期測試了資料檔案OS頭的修復，連結：http://blog.itpub.net/267265/viewspace-2743415/
--//資料檔案第1塊就是資料檔案頭，更新檢查點就是寫這塊資訊，比如執行alter system checkpoint;命令。
--//第2塊為type: 0x1d=KTFB Bitmapped File Space Header
--//第3塊為type: 0x1e=KTFB Bitmapped File Space Bitmap
...
--//第127塊為type: 0x1e=KTFB Bitmapped File Space Bitmap
--//資料檔案頭的恢復我以前有連結如下：
--//連結http://blog.itpub.net/267265/viewspace-2128309/=>20161111]資料庫檔案頭的修復.txt
--//裡面有一點點問題，就是時間戳要按照連結計算http://blog.itpub.net/267265/viewspace-2222414/
--//本測試僅僅涉及第2塊為type: 0x1d=KTFB Bitmapped File Space Header。
1.環境：
SCOTT@book> @ ver1
PORT_STRING VERSION BANNER
------------------------------ -------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
x86_64/Linux 2.4.xx 11.2.0.4.0 Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
--//建立表空間指令碼如下：
CREATE TABLESPACE TEA DATAFILE
'/mnt/ramdisk/book/tea01.dbf' SIZE 40M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 1M MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
LOGGING
ONLINE
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL AUTOALLOCATE
BLOCKSIZE 8K
SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT MANUAL
FLASHBACK ON;
CREATE TABLESPACE SUGAR DATAFILE
'/mnt/ramdisk/book/sugar01.dbf' SIZE 40M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 1M MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
LOGGING
ONLINE
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL AUTOALLOCATE
BLOCKSIZE 8K
SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT MANUAL
FLASHBACK ON;
2.對比第2塊為type: 0x1d=KTFB Bitmapped File Space Header(從0開始計數)：
SCOTT@book> select * from v$dbfile order by 1;
FILE# NAME
---------- ----------------------------------------
1 /mnt/ramdisk/book/system01.dbf
2 /mnt/ramdisk/book/sysaux01.dbf
3 /mnt/ramdisk/book/undotbs01.dbf
4 /mnt/ramdisk/book/users01.dbf
5 /mnt/ramdisk/book/example01.dbf
6 /mnt/ramdisk/book/tea01.dbf
7 /mnt/ramdisk/book/sugar01.dbf
7 rows selected.
SCOTT@book> @ bbvi 6 2
BVI_COMMAND
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
bvi -b 16384 -s 8192 /mnt/ramdisk/book/tea01.dbf
xxd -c16 -g 2 -s 16384 -l 8192 /mnt/ramdisk/book/tea01.dbf
dd if=/mnt/ramdisk/book/tea01.dbf bs=8192 skip=2 count=1 of=6_2.dd conv=notrunc 2>/dev/null
od -j 16384 -N 8192 -t x1 -v /mnt/ramdisk/book/tea01.dbf
hexdump -s 16384 -n 8192 -C -v /mnt/ramdisk/book/tea01.dbf
alter system dump datafile '/mnt/ramdisk/book/tea01.dbf' block 2;
alter session set events 'immediate trace name set_tsn_p1 level 8';
alter session set events 'immediate trace name buffer level 25165826';
9 rows selected.
$ od -j 16384 -N 8192 -t x1 /mnt/ramdisk/book/tea01.dbf
0040000 1d a2 00 00 02 00 80 01 fa 00 55 17 03 00 02 04
~~~~~~~~~~~
0040020 59 40 00 00 06 00 00 00 08 00 00 00 00 14 00 00
~~~~~
0040040 09 00 00 00 80 00 00 00 fe ff 3f 00 7e 00 00 00
0040060 ff 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 70 02 00 00 f9 00 55 17
0040100 03 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
0040120 80 00 00 00 08 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
0040140 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
*
0057760 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 1d fa 00
0060000
$ od -j 16384 -N 8192 -t x1 /mnt/ramdisk/book/sugar01.dbf
0040000 1d a2 00 00 02 00 c0 01 e7 58 40 19 03 00 01 04
~~~~~~~~~~~
0040020 80 9b 00 00 07 00 00 00 08 00 00 00 00 14 00 00
~~~~~
0040040 09 00 00 00 80 00 00 00 fe ff 3f 00 7e 00 00 00
0040060 ff 13 00 00 00 00 00 00 70 02 00 00 3f d5 96 17
0040100 03 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
0040120 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
*
0057760 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 1d e7 58
0060000
$ diff -Nur <(od -j 16384 -N 8192 -t x1 -w2 /mnt/ramdisk/book/tea01.dbf) <(od -j 16384 -N 8192 -t x1 -w2 /mnt/ramdisk/book/sugar01.dbf)
--- /dev/fd/63 2020-12-21 09:14:21.111743334 +0800
+++ /dev/fd/62 2020-12-21 09:14:21.111743334 +0800
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
0040000 1d a2
0040002 00 00
0040004 02 00
-0040006 80 01 =>dba地址的一部分
-0040010 fa 00 =>scn的一部分,可以看下面的轉儲。
-0040012 55 17 =>scn的一部分,可以看下面的轉儲。
+0040006 c0 01 =>dba地址的一部分
-------------------------------------------------
BBED> set dba 6,2
DBA 0x01800002 (25165826 6,2)
BBED> set dba 7,2
DBA 0x01c00002 (29360130 7,2)
----------------------------------------------
+0040010 e7 58
+0040012 40 19
0040014 03 00
-0040016 02 04
-0040020 59 40 => 檢查和。
+0040016 01 04
+0040020 80 9b
0040022 00 00
-0040024 06 00 =>檔案號6
+0040024 07 00 =>檔案號7
0040026 00 00
0040030 08 00
0040032 00 00
@@ -27,16 +27,11 @@
*
0040070 70 02
0040072 00 00
-0040074 f9 00 =>scn的一部分,可以看下面的轉儲。
-0040076 55 17 =>scn的一部分,可以看下面的轉儲。
+0040074 3f d5
+0040076 96 17
0040100 03 00
0040102 00 00
*
-0040120 80 00
-0040122 00 00
-0040124 08 00
-0040126 00 00
-*
-0057774 02 1d ->tailchk
-0057776 fa 00 ->tailchk
+0057774 01 1d
+0057776 e7 58
0060000
SCOTT@book> alter system dump datafile '/mnt/ramdisk/book/tea01.dbf' block 2;
System altered.
Start dump data block from file /mnt/ramdisk/book/tea01.dbf minblk 2 maxblk 2
V10 STYLE FILE HEADER:
Compatibility Vsn = 186647552=0xb200400
Db ID=1337401710=0x4fb7216e, Db Name='BOOK'
Activation ID=0=0x0
Control Seq=314109=0x4cafd, File size=5120=0x1400
File Number=6, Blksiz=8192, File Type=3 DATA
Dump all the blocks in range:
buffer tsn: 7 rdba: 0x01800002 (6/2)
scn: 0x0003.175500fa seq: 0x02 flg: 0x04 tail: 0x00fa1d02
frmt: 0x02 chkval: 0x4059 type: 0x1d=KTFB Bitmapped File Space Header
Hex dump of block: st=0, typ_found=1
Dump of memory from 0x00007F77DBB8FA00 to 0x00007F77DBB91A00
7F77DBB8FA00 0000A21D 01800002 175500FA 04020003 [..........U.....]
7F77DBB8FA10 00004059 00000006 00000008 00001400 [Y@..............]
7F77DBB8FA20 00000009 00000080 003FFFFE 0000007E [..........?.~...]
7F77DBB8FA30 000013FF 00000000 00000270 175500F9 [........p.....U.]
7F77DBB8FA40 00000003 00000000 00000000 00000000 [................]
7F77DBB8FA50 00000080 00000008 00000000 00000000 [................]
7F77DBB8FA60 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 [................]
Repeat 504 times
7F77DBB919F0 00000000 00000000 00000000 00FA1D02 [................]
File Space Header Block:
Header Control:
RelFno: 6, Unit: 8, Size: 5120, Flag: 9
AutoExtend: YES, Increment: 128, MaxSize: 4194302
Initial Area: 126, Tail: 5119, First: 0, Free: 624
Deallocation scn: 391446777.3
Header Opcode:
Save: No Pending Op
End dump data block from file /mnt/ramdisk/book/tea01.dbf minblk 2 maxblk 2
--//對比標準資料塊的map
BBED> map /v dba 4,135
File: /mnt/ramdisk/book/users01.dbf (4)
Block: 135 Dba:0x01000087
------------------------------------------------------------
KTB Data Block (Table/Cluster)
struct kcbh, 20 bytes @0
ub1 type_kcbh @0
ub1 frmt_kcbh @1
ub1 spare1_kcbh @2
ub1 spare2_kcbh @3
ub4 rdba_kcbh @4
ub4 bas_kcbh @8
ub2 wrp_kcbh @12
ub1 seq_kcbh @14
ub1 flg_kcbh @15
ub2 chkval_kcbh @16
ub2 spare3_kcbh @18
...
ub4 tailchk @8188
--//透過上面的比較可以看出不同之處在dba地址(偏移4-7)在以及檔案號偏移(20).
3.透過上面比較可以推斷，只要建立屬性一樣的資料檔案替換幾處就ok了。
SCOTT@book> column SPARE3 format a20
SCOTT@book> select * from sys.file$;
FILE# STATUS$ BLOCKS TS# RELFILE# MAXEXTEND INC CRSCNWRP CRSCNBAS OWNERINSTANCE SPARE1
----- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ------------- ----------
1 2 64000 0 1 4194302 1280 0 7 4194306
2 2 51200 1 2 4194302 1280 0 1834 8388610
3 2 3200 2 3 4194302 640 0 923328 12582914
4 2 640 4 4 4194302 160 0 16143 16777218
5 2 12800 6 5 4194302 80 0 952916 20971522
6 2 5120 7 6 4194302 128 3 391355879 25165826
7 2 5120 8 7 4194302 128 3 423647208 29360130
7 rows selected.
--//25165826 = 0x1800002
--//29360130 = 0x1c00002
--//spare1儲存的是dba地址。
3,391355879 = scn(10): 13276257767 = scn(16): 0x317539de7
3,423647208 = scn(10): 13308549096 = scn(16): 0x3194057e8
--//這裡的scn對應的是CREATION_CHANGE#。
SYS@book> SELECT file#, CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#, CHECKPOINT_TIME,CREATION_CHANGE# , RESETLOGS_CHANGE#,status, CHECKPOINT_COUNT,fuzzy,name,tablespace_name FROM v$datafile_header;
FILE# CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# CHECKPOINT_TIME CREATION_CHANGE# RESETLOGS_CHANGE# STATUS CHECKPOINT_COUNT FUZ NAME TABLESPACE_NAME
----- ------------------ ------------------- ---------------- ----------------- ------- ---------------- --- -------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------
1 13308581647 2020-12-21 10:38:16 7 925702 ONLINE 2169 YES /mnt/ramdisk/book/system01.dbf SYSTEM
2 13308581647 2020-12-21 10:38:16 1834 925702 ONLINE 2158 YES /mnt/ramdisk/book/sysaux01.dbf SYSAUX
3 13308581647 2020-12-21 10:38:16 923328 925702 ONLINE 2079 YES /mnt/ramdisk/book/undotbs01.dbf UNDOTBS1
4 13308581647 2020-12-21 10:38:16 16143 925702 ONLINE 2165 YES /mnt/ramdisk/book/users01.dbf USERS
5 13308581647 2020-12-21 10:38:16 952916 925702 ONLINE 2073 YES /mnt/ramdisk/book/example01.dbf EXAMPLE
6 13308581647 2020-12-21 10:38:16 13276257767 925702 ONLINE 1546 YES /mnt/ramdisk/book/tea01.dbf TEA
7 13308581647 2020-12-21 10:38:16 13308549096 925702 ONLINE 8 YES /mnt/ramdisk/book/sugar01.dbf SUGAR
7 rows selected.
4.開始測試：
--//首先備份一下。
SCOTT@book> alter tablespace tea offline ;
Tablespace altered.
$ cp /mnt/ramdisk/book/tea01.dbf ~/tea01.dbf
SCOTT@book> alter tablespace tea online ;
Tablespace altered.
$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/ramdisk/book/tea01.dbf bs=8192 seek=2 count=1 conv=notrunc
1+0 records in
1+0 records out
8192 bytes (8.2 kB) copied, 5.3777e-05 seconds, 152 MB/s
--//使用dd注意。conv=notrunc，輸出檔案對於的動作是seek。
SYS@book> shutdown abort
ORACLE instance shut down.
SYS@book> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 643084288 bytes
Fixed Size 2255872 bytes
Variable Size 205521920 bytes
Database Buffers 427819008 bytes
Redo Buffers 7487488 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
--//啟動正常。
$ od -j 16384 -N 8192 -t x1 /mnt/ramdisk/book/tea01.dbf
0040000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
*
0060000
--//還是0的狀態。
SYS@book> select count(*) from scott.tx;
COUNT(*)
----------
87038
--//你可以發現即使我清零，讀取裡面資料正常。
$ dbv file=/mnt/ramdisk/book/tea01.dbf
DBVERIFY: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Mon Dec 21 10:04:32 2020
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
DBVERIFY - Verification starting : FILE = /mnt/ramdisk/book/tea01.dbf
Page 2 is marked corrupt
Corrupt block relative dba: 0x01800002 (file 6, block 2)
Completely zero block found during dbv:
DBVERIFY - Verification complete
Total Pages Examined : 5120
Total Pages Processed (Data) : 2484
Total Pages Failing (Data) : 0
Total Pages Processed (Index): 0
Total Pages Failing (Index): 0
Total Pages Processed (Other): 128
Total Pages Processed (Seg) : 0
Total Pages Failing (Seg) : 0
Total Pages Empty : 2507
Total Pages Marked Corrupt : 1
Total Pages Influx : 0
Total Pages Encrypted : 0
Highest block SCN : 423651790 (3.423651790)
SYS@book> select * from sys.file$;
FILE# STATUS$ BLOCKS TS# RELFILE# MAXEXTEND INC CRSCNWRP CRSCNBAS OWNERINSTANCE SPARE1
----- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ----------
1 2 64000 0 1 4194302 1280 0 7 4194306
2 2 51200 1 2 4194302 1280 0 1834 8388610
3 2 3200 2 3 4194302 640 0 923328 12582914
4 2 640 4 4 4194302 160 0 16143 16777218
5 2 12800 6 5 4194302 80 0 952916 20971522
6 2 5120 7 6 4194302 128 3 391355879 25165826
7 2 5120 8 7 4194302 128 3 423647208 29360130
7 rows selected.
--//我透過toad訪問，點選表空間報錯：
Select MAX(d.bytes) total_bytes,
nvl(SUM(f.Bytes), 0) free_bytes,
d.file_name,
MAX(d.bytes) - nvl(SUM(f.bytes), 0) used_bytes,
ROUND(SQRT(MAX(f.BLOCKS)/SUM(f.BLOCKS))*(100/SQRT(SQRT(COUNT(f.BLOCKS)) )), 2) frag_idx
from DBA_FREE_SPACE f , DBA_DATA_FILES d
where f.tablespace_name(+) = d.tablespace_name
and f.file_id(+) = d.file_id
and d.tablespace_name = 'TEA'
group by d.file_name
Error occurred: [600] (ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [KSLFDNG2], [0x0862242F0], [0], [0x084C98158], [0x000000000], [], [], [], [], [], [], []
)
//點選script，給出指令碼如下：
CREATE TABLESPACE TEA DATAFILE
'/mnt/ramdisk/book/tea01.dbf' AUTOEXTEND OFF
LOGGING
ONLINE
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL AUTOALLOCATE
BLOCKSIZE 8K
SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT MANUAL
FLASHBACK ON;
--//執行修改看看是否可以透過：
SYS@book> alter database datafile '/mnt/ramdisk/book/tea01.dbf' autoextend on next 1m maxsize unlimited;
alter database datafile '/mnt/ramdisk/book/tea01.dbf' autoextend on next 1m maxsize unlimited
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01578: ORACLE data block corrupted (file # 6, block # 2)
ORA-01110: data file 6: '/mnt/ramdisk/book/tea01.dbf'
--//不行。
SYS@book> create table ty tablespace tea as select * from dba_objects ;
--//hang住。
SYS@book> insert into scott.tx select * from dba_objects ;
--//hang住。
SYS@book> select count(*) from scott.tx;
COUNT(*)
----------
87038
SYS@book> update scott.tx set owner=upper(owner);
87038 rows updated.
SYS@book> rollback ;
Rollback complete.
--//但是如果修改等導致空間擴張，就hang。
5.嘗試恢復：
SYS@book> alter database datafile 6 offline ;
Database altered.
SYS@book> recover datafile 6;
Media recovery complete.
--// dd if=/mnt/ramdisk/book/sugar01.dbf of=/mnt/ramdisk/book/tea01.dbf bs=8192 skip=2 seek=2 count=1 conv=notrun
--//注意dd引數 skip=2 seek=2 count=1 conv=notrun。
--//這裡使用bbed要安全可靠一些。
BBED> set offset 0
OFFSET 0
--//注意一定要先設定offset 0，避免從某個偏移開始copy。
BBED> copy dba 7,2 to dba 6,2
Warning: contents of previous BIFILE will be lost. Proceed? (Y/N) y
File: /mnt/ramdisk/book/tea01.dbf (6)
Block: 2 Offsets: 0 to 63 Dba:0x01800002
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1da20000 0200c001 e7584019 03000104 809b0000 07000000 08000000 00140000 09000000 80000000 feff3f00 7e000000 ff130000 00000000 70020000 3fd59617
<64 bytes per line>
BBED> set dba 6,2
DBA 0x01800002 (25165826 6,2)
BBED> set offset 4
OFFSET 4
BBED> dump /v count 4
File: /mnt/ramdisk/book/tea01.dbf (6)
Block: 2 Offsets: 4 to 7 Dba:0x01800002
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0200c001 l ....
<32 bytes per line>
--//修改注意大小頭問題。 01800002 反轉 02008001
BBED> modify /x 02008001
File: /mnt/ramdisk/book/tea01.dbf (6)
Block: 2 Offsets: 4 to 7 Dba:0x01800002
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
02008001
<64 bytes per line>
BBED> set offset 20
OFFSET 20
BBED> dump /v count 4
File: /mnt/ramdisk/book/tea01.dbf (6)
Block: 2 Offsets: 20 to 23 Dba:0x01800002
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
07000000 l ....
<32 bytes per line>
BBED> modify /x 06
File: /mnt/ramdisk/book/tea01.dbf (6)
Block: 2 Offsets: 20 to 23 Dba:0x01800002
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
06000000
<64 bytes per line>
BBED> dump /v count 4
File: /mnt/ramdisk/book/tea01.dbf (6)
Block: 2 Offsets: 20 to 23 Dba:0x01800002
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
06000000 l ....
<32 bytes per line>
BBED> sum apply
Check value for File 6, Block 2:
current = 0x9bc1, required = 0x9bc1
BBED> verify
DBVERIFY - Verification starting
FILE = /mnt/ramdisk/book/tea01.dbf
BLOCK = 2
DBVERIFY - Verification complete
Total Blocks Examined : 1
Total Blocks Processed (Data) : 0
Total Blocks Failing (Data) : 0
Total Blocks Processed (Index): 0
Total Blocks Failing (Index): 0
Total Blocks Empty : 0
Total Blocks Marked Corrupt : 0
Total Blocks Influx : 0
Message 531 not found; product=RDBMS; facility=BBED
SYS@book> alter system flush buffer_cache;
System altered.
SYS@book> alter database datafile 6 online ;
Database altered.
SYS@book> update scott.tx set object_name=lpad(object_name,128,' ');
87038 rows updated.
SYS@book> rollback ;
Rollback complete.
--//OK，現在擴張沒有問題了。
SYS@book> create table ty tablespace tea as select * from dba_objects ;
Table created.
SYS@book> select count(*) from ty;
COUNT(*)
----------
87039
Select MAX(d.bytes) total_bytes,
nvl(SUM(f.Bytes), 0) free_bytes,
d.file_name,
MAX(d.bytes) - nvl(SUM(f.bytes), 0) used_bytes,
ROUND(SQRT(MAX(f.BLOCKS)/SUM(f.BLOCKS))*(100/SQRT(SQRT(COUNT(f.BLOCKS)) )), 2) frag_idx
from DBA_FREE_SPACE f , DBA_DATA_FILES d
where f.tablespace_name(+) = d.tablespace_name
and f.file_id(+) = d.file_id
and d.tablespace_name = 'TEA'
group by d.file_name;
TOTAL_BYTES FREE_BYTES FILE_NAME USED_BYTES FRAG_IDX
----------- ---------- ------------------------------------------------------------ ---------- ----------
41943040 8388608 /mnt/ramdisk/book/tea01.dbf 33554432 100
6.總結：
--//1.建立類似的資料檔案屬性。使用它覆蓋。至於建立的指令碼可以透過alert獲得。在toad下點選script獲得，好像一些屬性屬於
--//表空間的屬性，比如EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL AUTOALLOCATE，BLOCKSIZE 8K，SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT MANUAL，FLASHBACK ON;
--//2.修改2處,dba地址(偏移4-7)，以及檔案號(偏移20－21).
--//3.再次提醒使用dd命令要小心再小心。我再次犯錯。
--//在恢復使用dd時少寫了引數seek。導致覆蓋了tea01.dbf的第0塊。最後我選擇改用bbed要安全可靠一些。
--// dd if=/mnt/ramdisk/book/sugar01.dbf of=/mnt/ramdisk/book/tea01.dbf bs=8192 skip=2 seek=2 count=1 conv=notrun
來自 “ ITPUB部落格 ” ，連結：http://blog.itpub.net/267265/viewspace-2744047/，如需轉載，請註明出處，否則將追究法律責任。
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