關於Webpack5 搭建 React 多頁面應用介紹

liu739發表於2020-12-21

react-multi-page-app 是一個基於 webpack5 搭建的 react 多頁面應用。

為什麼搭建多頁面應用:

  • 多個頁面之間業務互不關聯,頁面之間並沒有共享的資料
  • 多個頁面使用同一個後端服務、使用通用的元件和基礎庫

搭建多頁面應用的好處:

  • 保留了傳統單頁應用的開發模式:支援模組化打包,你可以把每個頁面看成是一個單獨的單頁應用
  • 獨立部署:每個頁面相互獨立,可以單獨部署,解耦專案的複雜性,甚至可以在不同的頁面選擇不同的技術棧
  • 減少包的體積,優化載入渲染流程

快速上手

clone

git clone https://github.com/zhedh/react-multi-page-app.git

安裝依賴

yarn install

開發

yarn start
http://localhost:8000/page1

打包

yarn build

簡易搭建流程

npm 初始化

yarn init

約定目錄

|____README.md
|____package.json
|____src
| |____utils
| |____components
| |____pages
| | |____page2
| | | |____index.css
| | | |____index.jsx
| | |____page1
| | | |____index.css
| | | |____index.jsx

Webpack 配置

安裝 Webpack

yarn add -D 可以使用 npm i --save-dev 替代

yarn add -D webpack webpack-cli

建立配置檔案

touch webpack.config.js

入口配置

module.exports = {
  entry: {
    page1: "./src/pages/page1/index.jsx",
    page2: "./src/pages/page2/index.jsx",
    // ...
  },
};

輸出配置

module.exports = {
  entry: {
    page1: "./src/pages/page1/index.jsx",
    page2: "./src/pages/page2/index.jsx",
    // ...
  },
  output: {
    path: path.resolve(__dirname, "./dist"),
    filename: "[name]/index.js",
  },
};

js|jsx 編譯

安裝 babel 外掛

yarn add -D babel-loader @babel/core @babel/preset-env
module.exports = {
  ...
  module: {
    rules: [
      {
        test: /\.jsx?$/,
        exclude: /(node_modules|bower_components)/,
        use: {
          loader: 'babel-loader',
          options: {
            presets: ['@babel/preset-env']
          }
        }
      }
    ]
  },
}

css 編譯

安裝 loader

yarn add -D style-loader css-loader
module.exports = {
  ...
  module: {
    ...
    rules: [
      {
        test: /\.css$/i,
        use: [
          'style-loader',
          'css-loader'
        ],
      },
    ]
  },
}

html 外掛配置

安裝 html-webpack-plugin

yarn add -D html-webpack-plugin
module.exports = {
  ...
  plugins: [
    new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
      filename: 'page1/index.html',
      chunks: ['page1']
    }),
    new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
      filename: 'page2/index.html',
      chunks: ['page2']
    }),
  ],
}

頁面編輯

page1

index.jsx

import "./index.css";

document.querySelector("body").append("PAGE1");

index.css

body {
  color: blue;
}

page2

index.jsx

import "./index.css";

document.querySelector("body").append("PAGE2");

index.css

body {
  color: green;
}

打包

執行

webpack

輸出 dist 包產物如下:

├── page1
│   ├── index.html
│   └── index.js
└── page2
    ├── index.html
    └── index.js

完整的配置檔案

webpack.config.js

const path = require("path");
const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require("html-webpack-plugin");

module.exports = {
  entry: {
    page1: "./src/pages/page1/index.jsx",
    page2: "./src/pages/page2/index.jsx",
  },
  output: {
    path: path.resolve(__dirname, "./dist"),
    filename: "[name]/index.js",
  },
  module: {
    rules: [
      {
        test: /\.css$/i,
        use: ["style-loader", "css-loader"],
      },
      {
        test: /\.m?jsx$/,
        exclude: /(node_modules|bower_components)/,
        use: {
          loader: "babel-loader",
          options: {
            presets: ["@babel/preset-env"],
          },
        },
      },
    ],
  },
  plugins: [
    new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
      filename: "page1/index.html",
      chunks: ["page1"],
      // chunks: ['page1', 'page1/index.css']
    }),
    new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
      filename: "page2/index.html",
      chunks: ["page2"],
    }),
  ],
};

package.json

{
  "name": "react-multi-page-app",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "description": "React 多頁面應用",
  "main": "index.js",
  "license": "MIT",
  "devDependencies": {
    "@babel/core": "^7.12.9",
    "@babel/preset-env": "^7.12.7",
    "babel-loader": "^8.2.2",
    "css-loader": "^5.0.1",
    "html-webpack-plugin": "^4.5.0",
    "style-loader": "^2.0.0",
    "webpack": "^5.9.0",
    "webpack-cli": "^4.2.0"
  }
}

去 github 檢視簡易版完整程式碼react-multi-page-app

流程優化

分離開發生產環境

新建 config 目錄,並建立配置檔案

mkdir config
cd config
touch webpack.base.js
touch webpack.dev.js
touch webpack.prod.js
├── webpack.base.js
├── webpack.dev.js
└── webpack.prod.js

基礎配置

webpack.base.js

const path = require("path");
const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require("html-webpack-plugin");

module.exports = {
  entry: {
    page1: "./src/pages/page1/index.jsx",
    page2: "./src/pages/page2/index.jsx",
  },
  output: {
    path: path.resolve(__dirname, "./dist"),
    filename: "[name]/index.js",
  },
  module: {
    rules: [
      {
        test: /\.css$/i,
        use: ["style-loader", "css-loader"],
      },
      {
        test: /\.js$/,
        exclude: /(node_modules|bower_components)/,
        use: {
          loader: "babel-loader",
          options: {
            presets: ["@babel/preset-env"],
          },
        },
      },
    ],
  },
  plugins: [
    new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
      filename: "page1/index.html",
      chunks: ["page1"],
    }),
    new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
      filename: "page2/index.html",
      chunks: ["page2"],
    }),
  ],
};

開發配置

  • 安裝 webpack-merge,用於合併 webpack 配置資訊
yarn add -D webpack-merge
  • 安裝 webpack-dev-server,用於啟動開發服務
yarn add -D webpack-dev-server
  • 開發配置如下

webpack.dev.js

const { merge } = require("webpack-merge");
const path = require("path");
const base = require("./webpack.base");

module.exports = merge(base, {
  mode: "development",
  devtool: "inline-source-map",
  target: "web",
  devServer: {
    open: true,
    contentBase: path.join(__dirname, "./dist"),
    historyApiFallback: true, //不跳轉
    inline: true, //實時重新整理
    hot: true, // 開啟熱更新,
    port: 8000,
  },
});
  • 配置啟動命令

package.json

{
  "scripts": {
    "start": "webpack serve --mode development --env development --config config/webpack.dev.js"
  },
}
  • 啟動
yarn start
  • 預覽
http://localhost:8000/page1
http://localhost:8000/page2

生產配置

  • 配置如下

webpack.prod.js

const { merge } = require('webpack-merge')
const base = require('./webpack.base')

module.exports = merge(base, {
    mode: 'production',
})
  • 配置打包命令

package.json

{
  "scripts": {
    "start": "webpack serve --mode development --env development --config config/webpack.dev.js",
    "build": "webpack --config config/webpack.prod.js"
  },
}
  • 打包
yarn build

引入React

以page1頁面為例

  • 約定目錄
├── page1
│   ├── app.jsx
│   ├── index.jsx
│   └── index.css
└── page2
    ├── app.js
    ├── index.jsx
    └── index.css
  • 安裝react
yarn add react react-dom
  • 程式碼如下

app.js

import React from 'react'

function App() {
  return (
    <div id="page1">
      我是PAGE1,Hello World
    </div>
  )
}

export default App

index.js

import React from 'react'
import ReactDOM from 'react-dom'
import App from './app'
import './index.css'

ReactDOM.render(<App />, document.getElementById('root'))

index.css

body{
  background-color: #ccc;
}

#page1 {
  color: rebeccapurple;
}
  • 新增react編譯

webpack.base.js

module.exports = {
  module: {
    // ...
    rules: [
      // ...
      {
        test: /\.jsx?$/,
        exclude: /(node_modules|bower_components)/,
        use: {
          loader: 'babel-loader',
          options: {
            presets: ['@babel/preset-react', '@babel/preset-env'],
            plugins: ['@babel/plugin-proposal-class-properties']
          }
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  // ...
}
  • 省略獲取檔案字尾

webpack.base.js

module.exports = {
  // ...
  resolve: {
    extensions: ['.js', '.jsx', '.json']
  }
}
  • 新增html預設模版,掛載 React DOM
cd src
touch template.html

template.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <title>Document</title>
</head>

<body>
  <div id="root"></div>
</body>

</html>

webpack.base.js

module.exports = {
  plugins: [
    new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
      filename: 'page1/index.html',
      chunks: ['page1'],
      template: './src/template.html'
    }),
    new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
      filename: 'page2/index.html',
      chunks: ['page2'],
      template: './src/template.html'
    }),
  ],
}
  • 安裝依賴
yarn add @babel/preset-react @babel/plugin-proposal-class-properties

引入Sass

以 page1 為例

  • 將 index.css 變更為 index.scss

index.scss

body {
  background-color: #ccc;

  #page1 {
    color: rebeccapurple;
  }
}
  • 新增scss編譯

webpack.base.js

module.exports = {
  // ...
  module: {
    // ...
    rules: [
      {
        test: /\.(sa|sc|c)ss$/,
        use: [
          'style-loader',
          'css-loader',
          'resolve-url-loader',
          'sass-loader'
        ]
      },
    ]
  },
  // ...
}
  • 安裝依賴
yarn add -D resolve-url-loader sass-loader

到此,一個完整的 React 多頁面應用搭建完成,檢視完整程式碼react-multi-page-app

入口配置和模版自動匹配

為了不用每次新增頁面都要新增入口頁面配置,我們將入口配置改成自動匹配

  • 入口檔案自動匹配
cd config
touch webpack.util.js

webpack.util.js

const glob = require('glob')

function setEntry() {
  const files = glob.sync('./src/pages/**/index.jsx')
  const entry = {}
  files.forEach(file => {
    const ret = file.match(/^\.\/src\/pages\/(\S*)\/index\.jsx$/)
    if (ret) {
      entry[ret[1]] = {
        import: file,
      }
    }
  })

  return entry
}

module.exports = {
  setEntry,
}

webpack.base.js

const { setEntry } = require('./webpack.util')

module.exports = {
  entry: setEntry,
}
  • 拆分 React 依賴,將 React 單獨打包出一個 bundle,作為公共依賴引入各個頁面

webpack.util.js

function setEntry() {
  const files = glob.sync('./src/pages/**/index.jsx')
  const entry = {}
  files.forEach(file => {
    const ret = file.match(/^\.\/src\/pages\/(\S*)\/index\.jsx$/)
    if (ret) {
      entry[ret[1]] = {
        import: file,
        dependOn: 'react_vendors',
      }
    }
  })

  // 拆分react依賴
  entry['react_vendors'] = {
    import: ['react', 'react-dom'],
    filename: '_commom/[name].js'
  }

  return entry
}
  • html 模版自動匹配,並引入react bundle

以 page1 為例子,引入頁面自定義模版目錄約定如下

├── app.jsx
├── index.html
├── index.jsx
└── index.scss

index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">

<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <title>頁面1</title>
</head>

<body>
  <div id="root"></div>
</body>

</html>

如果匹配不到自定義模版,會匹配預設模版,配置如下:

webpack.util.js

function getTemplate(name) {
  const files = glob.sync(`./src/pages/${name}/index.html`)
  if (files.length > 0) {
    return files[0]
  }
  return './src/template.html'
}

function setHtmlPlugin() {
  const files = glob.sync('./src/pages/**/index.jsx')
  const options = []
  files.forEach(file => {
    const ret = file.match(/^\.\/src\/pages\/(\S*)\/index\.jsx$/)
    if (ret) {
      const name = ret[1]
      options.push(new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
        filename: `${name}/index.html`,
        template: getTemplate(name),
        chunks: ['react_vendors', name,]
      }))
    }
  })
  return options
}

module.exports = {
  setEntry,
  setHtmlPlugin
}

webpack.base.js

const { setEntry, setHtmlPlugin } = require('./webpack.util')

module.exports = {
  plugins: [
    ...setHtmlPlugin(),
  ]
}
  • 安裝相關依賴
yarn add -D html-webpack-plugin glob

配置優化

  • 清除之前打包檔案

webpack.base.js

const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin')

module.exports = {
  plugins: [
    new CleanWebpackPlugin(),
  ]
}
yarn add -D clean-webpack-plugin
  • 分離並壓縮 css

webpack.base.js

const MiniCssExtractPlugin = require('mini-css-extract-plugin')
const OptimizeCSSPlugin = require('optimize-css-assets-webpack-plugin')

module.exports = {
   module: {
    rules: [
      {
        test: /\.(sa|sc|c)ss$/,
        use: [
          // 'style-loader',
          MiniCssExtractPlugin.loader,
          'css-loader',
          'resolve-url-loader',
          'sass-loader'
        ]
      },
    ]
  },
  plugins: [
    new MiniCssExtractPlugin({
      filename: '[name]/index.css',
    }),
    new OptimizeCSSPlugin({
      cssProcessorOptions: {
        safe: true
      }
    })
  ]
}

html 中注入 css
webpack.util.js

function setHtmlPlugin() {
  const files = glob.sync('./src/pages/**/index.jsx')
  const options = []
  files.forEach(file => {
    const ret = file.match(/^\.\/src\/pages\/(\S*)\/index\.jsx$/)
    if (ret) {
      const name = ret[1]
      options.push(new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
        filename: `${name}/index.html`,
        template: getTemplate(name),
        chunks: ['react_vendors', name, '[name]/index.css']
      }))
    }
  })
  return options
}
yarn add -D mini-css-extract-plugin optimize-css-assets-webpack-plugin

在 package.json 配置 sideEffects,避免 webpack Tree Shaking 移除.css、.scss 檔案
package.json

​```json
{
  "sideEffects": [
    "*.css",
    "*.scss"
  ]
}

至此,專案配置完成

專案原始碼

完整程式碼react-multi-page-app,喜歡給個star

問題&解答

Cannot read property 'createSnapshot' of undefined

報錯:UnhandledPromiseRejectionWarning: TypeError: Cannot read property 'createSnapshot' of undefined

原因:因為同時執行 2 個不同版本的 webpack。我們專案中沒有安裝 webpack-cli,webpack 會預設使用全域性的 webpack-cli,webpack5 和 webpack-cli3 不相容

解決:升級全域性 webpack-cli3 到 webpack-cli4 或在專案中安裝最新版本的 webpack-cli4

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