clarity, texture and sharpening

clarity works on mid-tone, basically add the constrast to the mid-tone. you could rephrase it as “pouching” tool
Clarity is used to increase local contrast - which is the separation between tones on a smaller level.

texture works on mid-frequency area,

sharpening is designed to conteract the blur introduced by lens.
Use sharpness for normal sharpening, and use just a little bit of clarity to counter unwanted softness of the image.
Try the Clarity slider if:

Your image consists of high-frequency features
The effect is needed on a more global scale
Your image is a landscape
The image is black and white
Try the Texture slider if:

Your image has large areas of mid to low-frequency features
A more subtle enhancement is needed
The image is a portrait
Your image has extreme color contrasts/saturation

reference:

https://photo.stackexchange.com/questions/46074/what-is-sharpness-vs-clarity-in-photo-editing-software#:~:text=Use%20sharpness%20for%20normal%20sharpening,unwanted%20softness%20of%20the%20image.&text=Clarity%20is%20used%20to%20increase,and%20I%20suppose%20%22sharper%22.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vE_h_jOH6hg

https://digital-photography-school.com/texture-and-clarity-sliders-lightroom-classic/

https://www.imagejoy.com/article/690