Kubernetes Ingress-nginx使用

劉新元發表於2020-12-03

簡介

Kubernetes 提供了兩種內建的雲端負載均衡機制（ cloud load balancing ）用於釋出公共應用，工作於傳輸層的 Service 資源，它實現的是 TCP 負載均衡器”，另種是Ingress 資源，它現的是“ HTTP(S ）負載均衡器”

Ingress和Ingress Controller

Ingress是Kubernetes API的標準資源型別之一，它其實就是基於DNS名稱(host)或URL路徑把請求轉發至指定的Service資源的規則，用於將叢集外部的請求流量轉發至叢集內部完成服務釋出。然而，Ingess資源自身並不能執行“流量穿透”，它僅僅是一組路由規則的集合，這些規則要想真正發揮作用還需其它功能的輔助，如監聽某個套接字上，根據這些規則匹配機制路由請求流量：這種能夠為Ingress資源監聽套接字並轉發流量的元件稱之為Ingress控制器

注意：
不同於 Deployment 控制器等 Ingress 控制器並不直接執行為 kube-controller-rnanager的一部，它是Kubemetes叢集的重要附件類似於 CoreDNS 需要在叢集單獨部署

1. 部署Ingress-Controller

官方地址

此處部署3.0版本

在你需要部署的node節點上拉去Ingerss-Controller映象

[root@k8s-master01 daem]# docker pull quay.io/kubernetes-ingress-controller/nginx-ingress-controller:0.30.0

進入到GitHub上將mandatory.yaml複製到node節點上

mandatory.yaml地址

[root@k8s-master01 ingressdeploy]# cat mandatory.yaml 
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx

---

kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: nginx-configuration
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
#data:
#  whitelist-source-range: 192.168.29.102 #白名單，允許某個IP或IP段的訪問
#  block-cidrs: 192.168.29.101 #黑名單拒絕訪問

---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: tcp-services
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx

---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: udp-services
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx

---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  name: nginx-ingress-clusterrole
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
rules:
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - configmaps
      - endpoints
      - nodes
      - pods
      - secrets
    verbs:
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - nodes
    verbs:
      - get
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - services
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - events
    verbs:
      - create
      - patch
  - apiGroups:
      - "extensions"
      - "networking.k8s.io"
    resources:
      - ingresses
    verbs:
      - get
      - list
      - watch
  - apiGroups:
      - "extensions"
      - "networking.k8s.io"
    resources:
      - ingresses/status
    verbs:
      - update

---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Role
metadata:
  name: nginx-ingress-role
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
rules:
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - configmaps
      - pods
      - secrets
      - namespaces
    verbs:
      - get
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - configmaps
    resourceNames:
      # Defaults to "<election-id>-<ingress-class>"
      # Here: "<ingress-controller-leader>-<nginx>"
      # This has to be adapted if you change either parameter
      # when launching the nginx-ingress-controller.
      - "ingress-controller-leader-nginx"
    verbs:
      - get
      - update
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - configmaps
    verbs:
      - create
  - apiGroups:
      - ""
    resources:
      - endpoints
    verbs:
      - get

---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  name: nginx-ingress-role-nisa-binding
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: nginx-ingress-role
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount
    namespace: ingress-nginx

---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: nginx-ingress-clusterrole-nisa-binding
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: nginx-ingress-clusterrole
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount
    namespace: ingress-nginx

---

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nginx-ingress-controller
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
      app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
        app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
      annotations:
        prometheus.io/port: "10254"
        prometheus.io/scrape: "true"
    spec:
      hostNetwork: true      ###修改成hostNetwork模式直接共享伺服器的網路名稱空間
      # wait up to five minutes for the drain of connections
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 300
      serviceAccountName: nginx-ingress-serviceaccount
      nodeSelector:
        kubernetes.io/os: linux
        kubernetes.io/hostname: k8s-master02
      dnsPolicy: ClusterFirstWithHostNet
      containers:
        - name: nginx-ingress-controller
          imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent 
          image: quay.io/kubernetes-ingress-controller/nginx-ingress-controller:0.30.0
          args:
            - /nginx-ingress-controller
            - --configmap=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/nginx-configuration
            - --tcp-services-configmap=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/tcp-services
            - --udp-services-configmap=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/udp-services
            - --publish-service=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/ingress-nginx
            - --annotations-prefix=nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io
          securityContext:
            allowPrivilegeEscalation: true
            capabilities:
              drop:
                - ALL
              add:
                - NET_BIND_SERVICE
            # www-data -> 101
            runAsUser: 101
          env:
            - name: POD_NAME
              valueFrom:
                fieldRef:
                  fieldPath: metadata.name
            - name: POD_NAMESPACE
              valueFrom:
                fieldRef:
                  fieldPath: metadata.namespace
          ports:
            - name: http
              containerPort: 80
              protocol: TCP
              #hostPort: 80
            - name: https
              containerPort: 443
              protocol: TCP
              #hostPort: 443
          livenessProbe:
            failureThreshold: 3
            httpGet:
              path: /healthz
              port: 10254
              scheme: HTTP
            initialDelaySeconds: 10
            periodSeconds: 10
            successThreshold: 1
            timeoutSeconds: 10
          readinessProbe:
            failureThreshold: 3
            httpGet:
              path: /healthz
              port: 10254
              scheme: HTTP
            periodSeconds: 10
            successThreshold: 1
            timeoutSeconds: 10
          lifecycle:
            preStop:
              exec:
                command:
                  - /wait-shutdown

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: LimitRange
metadata:
  name: ingress-nginx
  namespace: ingress-nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
spec:
  limits:
  - min:
      memory: 90Mi
      cpu: 100m
    type: Container

需修改：
hostNetwork: true ###修改成hostNetwork模式直接共享伺服器的網路名稱空間

執行create建立Ingress-Controller

[root@k8s-master01 ingressdeploy]# kubectl get deploy -n ingress-nginx
NAME                       READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
nginx-ingress-controller   1/1     1            1           76m

Ingress-Controller已部署完成

2. 使用Ingress規則

建立測試的web應用

[root@k8s-master01 daem]# cat deploy.yaml 
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  namespace: default
  name: nginxapp
  labels:
    app: nginx-deploy
spec:
  replicas: 2
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: mynginx
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: mynginx
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginxweb
        image: nginx:1.15-alpine
[root@k8s-master01 daem]# cat svc.yaml 
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: nginx-svc
  labels:
    app: nginx-svc
spec:
  ports:
  - name: http
    port: 80
    protocol: TCP
    nodePort: 30001   #node節點的對映埠 可以通過外部訪問
    targetPort: 80
  selector:
    app: mynginx
  sessionAffinity: None
  type: NodePort

建立Ingress規則

[root@k8s-master01 daem]# cat ingress.yaml 
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: ingress-daem
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/ingress.class: "nginx" 
    #nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/limit-connections: 10
    #nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/limit-rate: 100K
    #nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/limit-rps: 1
    #nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/limit-rpm: 30
spec:
  rules:
  - host: test.nginxsvc.com
    http:
      paths:
      - backend:
          serviceName: nginx-svc
          servicePort: 80
        path: /

瀏覽器訪問
新增hosts解析
192.168.29.102 test.nginxsvc.com test-tls.test.com

[root@k8s-master01 daem]# curl -I http://test.nginxsvc.com/
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.17.8
Date: Thu, 03 Dec 2020 06:56:49 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 612
Connection: keep-alive
Vary: Accept-Encoding
Last-Modified: Sat, 11 May 2019 00:35:53 GMT
ETag: "5cd618e9-264"
Accept-Ranges: bytes

2.1 Ingress地址重寫

流量重定向到目標URL



apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: ingress-daem
  annotations:
    #kubernetes.io/ingress.class: "nginx" 
    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/permanent-redirect: https://www.baidu.com   #當訪問 test.nginxsvc.com會被重寫到百度上
spec:
  rules:
  - host: test.nginxsvc.com
    http:
      paths:
      - backend:
          serviceName: nginx-svc
          servicePort: 80
        path: /

前後端分離

  [root@k8s-master01 daem]# cat ingress.yaml 
  apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
  kind: Ingress
  metadata:
    name: ingress-daem
    annotations:
      #kubernetes.io/ingress.class: "nginx" 
      #nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/permanent-redirect: https://www.baidu.com
      nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target: /    #當訪問test.nginxsvc.com/foo  會把請求打到 nginx-svc此service上
  spec:
    rules:
    - host: test.nginxsvc.com
      http:
        paths:
        - backend:
            serviceName: nginx-svc
            servicePort: 80
          path: /foo



  [root@k8s-master01 daem]# cat ingress.yaml 
  apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
  kind: Ingress
  metadata:
    name: ingress-daem
    annotations:
      #kubernetes.io/ingress.class: "nginx" 
      #nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/permanent-redirect: https://www.baidu.com
      nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target: /$2
  spec:
    rules:
    - host: test.nginxsvc.com
      http:
        paths:
        - backend:
            serviceName: nginx-svc
            servicePort: 80
          path: /nginxservice(/|$)(.*)
        paths:
        - backend:
            serviceName: tomcat-svc
            servicePort: 80
          path: /tomcatservice(/|$)(.*) #當訪問test.nginxsvc.com:PORT/tomcatservice -> 就會被重定向到tomcat-svc  / 資源下

2.2 配置HTTPS

    [root@k8s-master01 ~]# openssl req -x509 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout tls.key -out tls.cert -subj "/CN=test-tls.test.com/O=test-tls.test.com"
    Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
    ..............................................+++
    .........................................................................................+++
    writing new private key to 'tls.key'
    -----

    [root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl create secret tls ca-cert  --key tls.key --cert tls.cert 
    secret/ca-cert created
    [root@k8s-master01 ~]# cat tlsingress.yaml
    apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
    kind: Ingress
    metadata:
      annotations:
        nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/ssl-redirect: "false"
      name: test-tls
    spec:
      rules:
      - host: test-tls.test.com
        http:
          paths:
          - backend:
              serviceName: nginx-svc
              servicePort: 80
            path: /
      tls:                     
      - hosts:
        - test-tls.test.com
        secretName: ca-cert

2.3 黑白名單配置

    黑白名單

    [root@k8s-master01 ingressdeploy]# cat mandatory.yaml
    apiVersion: v1
    kind: Namespace
    metadata:
      name: ingress-nginx
      labels:
        app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
        app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx

    ---

    kind: ConfigMap
    apiVersion: v1
    metadata:
      name: nginx-configuration
      namespace: ingress-nginx
      labels:
        app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
        app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
    data:
      #############新增如下資訊#################
      whitelist-source-range: 192.168.29.102 #白名單，允許某個IP或IP段的訪問
      block-cidrs: 192.168.29.101 #黑名單拒絕訪問

2.4 匹配請求頭

      apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
      kind: Ingress
      metadata:
        annotations:
          nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/server-snippet: |
              set $agentflag 0;

              if ($http_user_agent ~* "(Mobile)" ){
                set $agentflag 1;
              }

              if ( $agentflag = 1 ) {
                return 301 https://m.example.com;
              }

解釋：
如果你的http_user_agent == Mobile。那麼就把agentflag set成1 ，然後當agentflag == 1時，就會return 到這個域名 https://m.example.com

2.5 速率限制

 
    apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
    kind: Ingress
    metadata:
      name: ingress-nginx
      annotations:
        kubernetes.io/ingress.class: "nginx"
        nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/limit-rate: 100K
        nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/limit-rps: 1
        nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/limit-rpm: 30
    spec:
      ......

nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/limit-connections

單個IP地址允許的併發連線數。超過此限制時返回503錯誤
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/limit-rps:

每秒從給定IP接受的請求數。突發限制設定為該限制乘以突發乘數，預設乘數為5。當客戶機超過此限制時，將返回limit req status code default:503
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/limit-rpm:

每分鐘從給定IP接受的請求數。突發限制設定為該限制乘以突發乘數，預設乘數為5。當客戶機超過此限制時，將返回limit req status code default:503
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/limit-burst-multiplier:

突發大小限制速率的乘數。預設的突發乘數為5，此批註覆蓋預設乘數。當客戶機超過此限制時，將返回limit req status code default:503。
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/limit-rate-after

初始千位元組數，此後對給定連線的響應的進一步傳輸將受到速率限制。此功能必須在啟用代理緩衝的情況下使用
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/limit-rate

每秒允許傳送到給定連線的KB數。零值禁用速率限制。此功能必須在啟用代理緩衝的情況下使用
nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/limit-whitelist

要從速率限制中排除的客戶端IP源範圍。該值是一個逗號分隔的cidr列表

以上就是Ingress常用的相關配置，所有配置均來自官方文件：https://kubernetes.github.io/ingress-nginx/user-guide/nginx-configuration/annotations/

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