SkyWalking —— 分散式應用監控與鏈路追蹤

廢物大師兄發表於2020-12-02

SkyWalking 是一個應用效能監控系統,特別為微服務、雲原生和基於容器(Docker, Kubernetes, Mesos)體系結構而設計。除了應用指標監控以外,它還能對分散式呼叫鏈路進行追蹤。類似功能的元件還有:Zipkin、Pinpoint、CAT等。

上幾張圖,看看效果,然後再一步一步搭建並使用

1.  概念與架構

SkyWalking是一個開源監控平臺,用於從服務和雲原生基礎設施收集、分析、聚合和視覺化資料。SkyWalking提供了一種簡單的方法來維護分散式系統的清晰檢視,甚至可以跨雲檢視。它是一種現代APM,專門為雲原生、基於容器的分散式系統設計。 

SkyWalking從三個維度對應用進行監視:service(服務), service instance(例項), endpoint(端點)

服務和例項就不多說了,端點是服務中的某個路徑或者說URI

SkyWalking allows users to understand the topology relationship between Services and Endpoints, to view the metrics of every Service/Service Instance/Endpoint and to set alarm rules.

SkyWalking允許使用者瞭解服務和端點之間的拓撲關係,檢視每個服務/服務例項/端點的度量,並設定警報規則。

1.1.  架構

 

SkyWalking邏輯上分為四個部分:Probes(探針), Platform backend(平臺後端), Storage(儲存), UI

這個結構就很清晰了,探針就是Agent負責採集資料並上報給服務端,服務端對資料進行處理和儲存,UI負責展示

2.  下載與安裝

SkyWalking有兩中版本,ES版本和非ES版。如果我們決定採用ElasticSearch作為儲存,那麼就下載es版本。 

https://skywalking.apache.org/downloads/

https://archive.apache.org/dist/skywalking/

agent目錄將來要拷貝到各服務所在機器上用作探針

bin目錄是服務啟動指令碼

config目錄是配置檔案

oap-libs目錄是oap服務執行所需的jar包

webapp目錄是web服務執行所需的jar包

接下來,要選擇儲存了,支援的儲存有:

  • H2
  • ElasticSearch 6, 7
  • MySQL
  • TiDB
  • InfluxDB

作為監控系統,首先排除H2和MySQL,這裡推薦InfluxDB,它本身就是時序資料庫,非常適合這種場景

但是InfluxDB我不是很熟悉,所以這裡先用ElasticSearch7

https://github.com/apache/skywalking/blob/master/docs/en/setup/backend/backend-storage.md

2.1.  安裝ElasticSearch

https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/7.10/targz.html 

# 啟動
./bin/elasticsearch -d -p pid
# 停止
pkill -F pid

ElasticSearch7.x需要Java 11以上的版本,但是如果你設定了環境變數JAVA_HOME的話,它會用你自己的Java版本

通常,啟動過程中會報以下三個錯誤:

[1]: max file descriptors [4096] for elasticsearch process is too low, increase to at least [65535]
[2]: max virtual memory areas vm.max_map_count [65530] is too low, increase to at least [262144]
[3]: the default discovery settings are unsuitable for production use; at least one of [discovery.seed_hosts, discovery.seed_providers, cluster.initial_master_nodes] must be configured

解決方法:

在 /etc/security/limits.conf 檔案中追加以下內容:

* soft nofile 65536
* hard nofile 65536
* soft nproc  4096
* hard nproc  4096

可通過以下四個命令檢視修改結果:

ulimit -Hn
ulimit -Sn
ulimit -Hu
ulimit -Su

修改 /etc/sysctl.conf 檔案,追加以下內容:

vm.max_map_count=262144

修改es配置檔案 elasticsearch.yml 取消註釋,保留一個節點

cluster.initial_master_nodes: ["node-1"]

為了能夠ip:port方式訪問,還需修改網路配置

network.host: 0.0.0.0

修改完是這樣的:

至此,ElasticSearch算是啟動成功了

接下來,在 config/application.yml 中配置es地址即可

storage:
  selector: ${SW_STORAGE:elasticsearch7}
  elasticsearch7:
    clusterNodes: ${SW_STORAGE_ES_CLUSTER_NODES:192.168.100.19:9200}

2.2.  安裝Agent

https://github.com/apache/skywalking/blob/v8.2.0/docs/en/setup/service-agent/java-agent/README.md

將agent目錄拷貝至各服務所在的機器上

scp -r ./agent chengjs@192.168.100.12:~/

這裡,我將它拷貝至各個服務目錄下

plugins是探針用到各種外掛,SkyWalking外掛都是即插即用的,可以把optional-plugins中的外掛放到plugins中 

修改 agent/config/agent.config 配置檔案,也可以通過命令列引數指定

主要是配置服務名稱和後端服務地址

agent.service_name=${SW_AGENT_NAME:user-center}
collector.backend_service=${SW_AGENT_COLLECTOR_BACKEND_SERVICES:192.168.100.17:11800}

當然,也可以通過環境變數或系統屬性的方式來設定,例如:

export SW_AGENT_COLLECTOR_BACKEND_SERVICES=127.0.0.1:11800

最後,在服務啟動的時候用命令列引數 -javaagent 來指定探針

java -javaagent:/path/to/skywalking-agent/skywalking-agent.jar -jar yourApp.jar

例如:

java -javaagent:./agent/skywalking-agent.jar -Dspring.profiles.active=dev -Xms512m -Xmx1024m -jar demo-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar

3.  啟動服務

修改 webapp/webapp.yml 檔案,更改埠號及後端服務地址

server:
  port: 8080

collector:
  path: /graphql
  ribbon:
    ReadTimeout: 10000
    # Point to all backend's restHost:restPort, split by ,
    listOfServers: 127.0.0.1:12800

啟動服務

bin/startup.sh

或者分別依次啟動

bin/oapService.sh
bin/webappService.sh

檢視logs目錄下的日誌檔案,看是否啟動成功

瀏覽器訪問 http://127.0.0.1:8080

4. 告警

 

編輯 alarm-settings.yml 設定告警規則和通知

https://github.com/apache/skywalking/blob/v8.2.0/docs/en/setup/backend/backend-alarm.md

重點說下告警通知

 

為了使用釘釘機器人通知,接下來,新建一個專案

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.4.0</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.wt.monitor</groupId>
    <artifactId>skywalking-alarm</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>skywalking-alarm</name>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.aliyun</groupId>
            <artifactId>alibaba-dingtalk-service-sdk</artifactId>
            <version>1.0.1</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-codec</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-codec</artifactId>
            <version>1.15</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.75</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

可選依賴(不建議引入)

<dependency
    <groupId>org.apache.skywalking</groupId>
    <artifactId>server-core</artifactId>
    <version>8.2.0</version>
</dependency>

定義告警訊息實體類

package com.wt.monitor.skywalking.alarm.domain;

import lombok.Data;

import java.io.Serializable;

/**
 * @author ChengJianSheng
 * @date 2020/12/1
 */
@Data
public class AlarmMessageDTO implements Serializable {

    private int scopeId;

    private String scope;

    /**
     * Target scope entity name
     */
    private String name;

    private String id0;

    private String id1;

    private String ruleName;

    /**
     * Alarm text message
     */
    private String alarmMessage;

    /**
     * Alarm time measured in milliseconds
     */
    private long startTime;

}

傳送釘釘機器人訊息

package com.wt.monitor.skywalking.alarm.service;

import com.dingtalk.api.DefaultDingTalkClient;
import com.dingtalk.api.DingTalkClient;
import com.dingtalk.api.request.OapiRobotSendRequest;
import com.taobao.api.ApiException;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import javax.crypto.Mac;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.security.InvalidKeyException;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;

/**
 * https://ding-doc.dingtalk.com/doc#/serverapi2/qf2nxq
 * @author ChengJianSheng
 * @data 2020/12/1
 */
@Slf4j
@Service
public class DingTalkAlarmService {

    @Value("${dingtalk.webhook}")
    private String webhook;
    @Value("${dingtalk.secret}")
    private String secret;

    public void sendMessage(String content) {
        try {
            Long timestamp = System.currentTimeMillis();
            String stringToSign = timestamp + "\n" + secret;
            Mac mac = Mac.getInstance("HmacSHA256");
            mac.init(new SecretKeySpec(secret.getBytes("UTF-8"), "HmacSHA256"));
            byte[] signData = mac.doFinal(stringToSign.getBytes("UTF-8"));
            String sign = URLEncoder.encode(new String(Base64.encodeBase64(signData)),"UTF-8");

            String serverUrl = webhook + "&timestamp=" + timestamp + "&sign=" + sign;
            DingTalkClient client = new DefaultDingTalkClient(serverUrl);
            OapiRobotSendRequest request = new OapiRobotSendRequest();
            request.setMsgtype("text");
            OapiRobotSendRequest.Text text = new OapiRobotSendRequest.Text();
            text.setContent(content);
            request.setText(text);

            client.execute(request);
        } catch (ApiException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
        } catch (InvalidKeyException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            log.error(e.getMessage(), e);
        }
    }
}

AlarmController.java

package com.wt.monitor.skywalking.alarm.controller;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.wt.monitor.skywalking.alarm.domain.AlarmMessageDTO;
import com.wt.monitor.skywalking.alarm.service.DingTalkAlarmService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import java.text.MessageFormat;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * @author ChengJianSheng
 * @date 2020/12/1
 */
@Slf4j
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/skywalking")
public class AlarmController {

    @Autowired
    private DingTalkAlarmService dingTalkAlarmService;

    @PostMapping("/alarm")
    public void alarm(@RequestBody List<AlarmMessageDTO> alarmMessageDTOList) {
       log.info("收到告警資訊: {}", JSON.toJSONString(alarmMessageDTOList));
       if (null != alarmMessageDTOList) {
           alarmMessageDTOList.forEach(e->dingTalkAlarmService.sendMessage(MessageFormat.format("-----來自SkyWalking的告警-----\n【名稱】: {0}\n【訊息】: {1}\n", e.getName(), e.getAlarmMessage())));
       }
    }
}

5.  文件

https://skywalking.apache.org/

https://skywalking.apache.org/zh/ 

https://github.com/apache/skywalking/tree/v8.2.0/docs

https://archive.apache.org/dist/

https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/master/index.html 

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