《Flutter實戰·第二版》
簡介
類似node的npm
配置檔案是pubspec.yaml
name：應用或包名稱。
description: 應用或包的描述、簡介。
version：應用或包的版本號。
dependencies：應用或包依賴的其他包或外掛。
dev_dependencies：開發環境依賴的工具包（而不是flutter應用本身依賴的包）。
flutter：flutter相關的配置選項。
name: flutter01
description: "A new Flutter project."
# The following line prevents the package from being accidentally published to
# pub.dev using `flutter pub publish`. This is preferred for private packages.
publish_to: 'none' # Remove this line if you wish to publish to pub.dev
# The following defines the version and build number for your application.
# A version number is three numbers separated by dots, like 1.2.43
# followed by an optional build number separated by a +.
# Both the version and the builder number may be overridden in flutter
# build by specifying --build-name and --build-number, respectively.
# In Android, build-name is used as versionName while build-number used as versionCode.
# Read more about Android versioning at https://developer.android.com/studio/publish/versioning
# In iOS, build-name is used as CFBundleShortVersionString while build-number is used as CFBundleVersion.
# Read more about iOS versioning at
# https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/General/Reference/InfoPlistKeyReference/Articles/CoreFoundationKeys.html
# In Windows, build-name is used as the major, minor, and patch parts
# of the product and file versions while build-number is used as the build suffix.
version: 1.0.0+1
environment:
sdk: '>=3.4.3 <4.0.0'
# Dependencies specify other packages that your package needs in order to work.
# To automatically upgrade your package dependencies to the latest versions
# consider running `flutter pub upgrade --major-versions`. Alternatively,
# dependencies can be manually updated by changing the version numbers below to
# the latest version available on pub.dev. To see which dependencies have newer
# versions available, run `flutter pub outdated`.
dependencies:
flutter:
sdk: flutter
# The following adds the Cupertino Icons font to your application.
# Use with the CupertinoIcons class for iOS style icons.
cupertino_icons: ^1.0.6
dev_dependencies:
flutter_test:
sdk: flutter
# The "flutter_lints" package below contains a set of recommended lints to
# encourage good coding practices. The lint set provided by the package is
# activated in the `analysis_options.yaml` file located at the root of your
# package. See that file for information about deactivating specific lint
# rules and activating additional ones.
flutter_lints: ^3.0.0
# For information on the generic Dart part of this file, see the
# following page: https://dart.dev/tools/pub/pubspec
# The following section is specific to Flutter packages.
flutter:
# The following line ensures that the Material Icons font is
# included with your application, so that you can use the icons in
# the material Icons class.
uses-material-design: true
# To add assets to your application, add an assets section, like this:
# assets:
# - images/a_dot_burr.jpeg
# - images/a_dot_ham.jpeg
# An image asset can refer to one or more resolution-specific "variants", see
# https://flutter.dev/assets-and-images/#resolution-aware
# For details regarding adding assets from package dependencies, see
# https://flutter.dev/assets-and-images/#from-packages
# To add custom fonts to your application, add a fonts section here,
# in this "flutter" section. Each entry in this list should have a
# "family" key with the font family name, and a "fonts" key with a
# list giving the asset and other descriptors for the font. For
# example:
# fonts:
# - family: Schyler
# fonts:
# - asset: fonts/Schyler-Regular.ttf
# - asset: fonts/Schyler-Italic.ttf
# style: italic
# - family: Trajan Pro
# fonts:
# - asset: fonts/TrajanPro.ttf
# - asset: fonts/TrajanPro_Bold.ttf
# weight: 700
#
# For details regarding fonts from package dependencies,
# see https://flutter.dev/custom-fonts/#from-packages
示例(依賴Pub倉庫)
在pubspec.yaml中增加,並且點選右上角的Pub get 按鈕，會新增新的依賴
dependencies:
flutter:
sdk: flutter
# 新新增的依賴
english_words: ^4.0.0
在使用時，則需要引入包import 'package:english_words/english_words.dart';
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
import 'package:english_words/english_words.dart';
// import 'package:flutter/cupertino.dart';
// void main() {
// runApp(const MyApp());
// }
void main() => runApp(const MyApp());
// void main() => runApp(CupertinoApp(home: CupertinoTestRoute()));
class MyApp extends StatelessWidget {
const MyApp({super.key});
// This widget is the root of your application.
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return MaterialApp(
title: 'Flutter Demo',
initialRoute:"/", //名為"/"的路由作為應用的home(首頁)
theme: ThemeData(
colorScheme: ColorScheme.fromSeed(seedColor: Colors.blue),
useMaterial3: true,
),
routes:{
"new_page":(context) => TipRoute(text:'這個引數是配置路由傳過來的'),
"/":(context) => RouterTestRoute(), //註冊首頁路由
},
);
}
}
class TipRoute extends StatelessWidget {
TipRoute({
Key? key,
required this.text, // 接收一個text引數
}) : super(key: key);
final String text;
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
//獲取路由引數
var args=ModalRoute.of(context)?.settings.arguments;
print('舊頁面傳遞引數的方法2：arguments：$args');
return Scaffold(
appBar: AppBar(
title: Text("提示"),
),
body: Padding(
padding: EdgeInsets.all(18),
child: Center(
child: Column(
children: <Widget>[
Text(text),
ElevatedButton(
onPressed: () => Navigator.pop(context, "這個資料是新頁面傳遞給舊頁面的"),
child: Text("返回"),
)
],
),
),
),
);
}
}
class RouterTestRoute extends StatelessWidget {
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return Scaffold(
appBar: AppBar(
title: Text("初始頁面"),
),
body: Center(
child: Column(
children: [
ElevatedButton(
onPressed: () async {
// 開啟`TipRoute`，並等待返回結果
// var result = await Navigator.push(
// context,
// MaterialPageRoute(
// builder: (context) {
// return TipRoute(
// // 路由引數
// text: "這個資料是舊頁面傳遞給新頁面的",
// );
// },
// ),
// );
var result = await Navigator.pushNamed(context, "new_page", arguments: "hi");
//輸出`TipRoute`路由返回結果
print("路由返回值: $result");
},
child: Text("開啟提示頁"),
),
RandomWordsWidget(),
],
),
),
);
}
}
class RandomWordsWidget extends StatelessWidget {
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
// 生成隨機字串
final wordPair = WordPair.random();
return Padding(
padding: const EdgeInsets.all(8.0),
child: Text('這是隨機的英文字串：' + wordPair.toString()),
);
}
}
其他依賴方式
- 依賴本地包 路徑可以是相對的，也可以是絕對的。
dependencies:
pkg1:
path: ../../code/pkg1
- 依賴Git:依賴儲存在Git倉庫中的包。
// 如果在倉庫根目錄中
dependencies:
pkg1:
git:
url: git://github.com/xxx/pkg1.git
// 如果不在倉庫根目錄中
dependencies:
package1:
git:
url: git://github.com/flutter/packages.git
path: packages/package1