原創文章,轉載請標註出處:https://www.cnblogs.com/V1haoge/p/10755431.html
一、概述
HashSet是基於雜湊實現的set集合,其實它底層是一個value固定的HashMap。
HashMap是無序儲存的,所以HashSet也一樣是無序的,而且HashSet允許null值,但只能擁有一個null值,即不允許儲存相同的元素。
二、常量變數
public class HashSet<E> extends AbstractSet<E>
implements Set<E>, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable
{
//...
private transient HashMap<E,Object> map;
private static final Object PRESENT = new Object();
//...
}
上面的map即為HashSet底層的HashMap,針對HashSet的操作,全部轉交給這個map來完成。
上面的PRESENT即為底層HashMap中鍵值對的值的固定值。因為在HashSet中只關注鍵。
三、構造器
public class HashSet<E> extends AbstractSet<E>
implements Set<E>, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable{
//...
public HashSet() {
map = new HashMap<>();
}
public HashSet(Collection<? extends E> c) {
map = new HashMap<>(Math.max((int) (c.size()/.75f) + 1, 16));
addAll(c);
}
public HashSet(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) {
map = new HashMap<>(initialCapacity, loadFactor);
}
public HashSet(int initialCapacity) {
map = new HashMap<>(initialCapacity);
}
HashSet(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor, boolean dummy) {
map = new LinkedHashMap<>(initialCapacity, loadFactor);
}
//...
}
很明顯,所有的HashSet的構造器最終都在建立底層的HashMap。
最後一個構造器建立了一個LinkedHashMap例項,其實它也是一個HashMap,因為它繼承自HashMap,是對HashMap的一個功能擴充套件集合,它支援多種順序的遍歷(插入順序和訪問順序)。
四、操作
public class HashSet<E> extends AbstractSet<E>
implements Set<E>, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable{
//...
public Iterator<E> iterator() {
return map.keySet().iterator();
}
public int size() {
return map.size();
}
public boolean isEmpty() {
return map.isEmpty();
}
public boolean contains(Object o) {
return map.containsKey(o);
}
public boolean add(E e) {
return map.put(e, PRESENT)==null;
}
public boolean remove(Object o) {
return map.remove(o)==PRESENT;
}
public void clear() {
map.clear();
}
//...
}
上面的所有基礎操作,全部已開HashMap的對應方法來完成。
五、序列化操作
5.1 序列化
HashSet例項的序列化執行時,並不會序列化map屬性,因為其被transient關鍵字所修飾。參照原始碼:
// 在執行序列化操作的時候會執行這個writeObject方法
public class HashSet<E> extends AbstractSet<E>
implements Set<E>, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable
{
//...
private transient HashMap<E,Object> map;
private static final Object PRESENT = new Object();
private void writeObject(java.io.ObjectOutputStream s)
throws java.io.IOException {
// Write out any hidden serialization magic
// 用於將物件中的非static和非transient的欄位值寫入流中
s.defaultWriteObject();
// Write out HashMap capacity and load factor
// 將底層HashMap的當前容量和載入因子寫入流中
s.writeInt(map.capacity());
s.writeFloat(map.loadFactor());
// Write out size
// 將底層HashMap的當前元素數量size寫入流中
s.writeInt(map.size());
// Write out all elements in the proper order.
// 最後將所有的元素寫入流中
for (E e : map.keySet())
s.writeObject(e);
}
//...
}
5.2 反序列化
// 在執行反序列化操作的時候會執行這個readObject方法
public class HashSet<E> extends AbstractSet<E>
implements Set<E>, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable
{
//...
private transient HashMap<E,Object> map;
private static final Object PRESENT = new Object();
private void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream s)
throws java.io.IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
// Read in any hidden serialization magic
// 讀取流中對應的當前類的非static和非transient的值
s.defaultReadObject();
// Read capacity and verify non-negative.
// 讀取流中的容量值
int capacity = s.readInt();
if (capacity < 0) {
throw new InvalidObjectException("Illegal capacity: " +
capacity);
}
// Read load factor and verify positive and non NaN.
// 讀取流中的載入因子值
float loadFactor = s.readFloat();
if (loadFactor <= 0 || Float.isNaN(loadFactor)) {
throw new InvalidObjectException("Illegal load factor: " +
loadFactor);
}
// Read size and verify non-negative.
// 讀取流中的元素數量值
int size = s.readInt();
if (size < 0) {
throw new InvalidObjectException("Illegal size: " +
size);
}
// Set the capacity according to the size and load factor ensuring that
// the HashMap is at least 25% full but clamping to maximum capacity.
capacity = (int) Math.min(size * Math.min(1 / loadFactor, 4.0f),
HashMap.MAXIMUM_CAPACITY);
// Constructing the backing map will lazily create an array when the first element is
// added, so check it before construction. Call HashMap.tableSizeFor to compute the
// actual allocation size. Check Map.Entry[].class since it's the nearest public type to
// what is actually created.
SharedSecrets.getJavaOISAccess()
.checkArray(s, Map.Entry[].class, HashMap.tableSizeFor(capacity));
// Create backing HashMap
// 建立底層HashMap例項
map = (((HashSet<?>)this) instanceof LinkedHashSet ?
new LinkedHashMap<E,Object>(capacity, loadFactor) :
new HashMap<E,Object>(capacity, loadFactor));
// Read in all elements in the proper order.
// 讀取流中儲存的元素,並將其逐個新增到新建立的HashMap例項中
for (int i=0; i<size; i++) {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
E e = (E) s.readObject();
map.put(e, PRESENT);
}
}
//...
}
六、總結
HashSet就是依靠HashMap實現的。