CISO之What & How
作為負責企業網路和資訊保安的決策者,首席資訊保安官(CISO)已經清楚地認識到,在應對當今企業面臨的飛速發展的網路環境時,曾經非常有效的傳統安全手段和人員結構越來越力不從心,大規模的企業網路入侵事件此起彼伏,如何為企業定義和建立一個高效的CISO團隊架構已經成為比安全技術本身更為重要的一個挑戰。
有很多文獻從各個角度對CISO職責做了詳盡描述,形成了各式各樣的理論體系。那麼CISO如何結合自身情況,理解並選擇最適合自己企業的理論和架構模型呢?基於著名的CERT彈性管理模型[Caralli 2011],CISO的主要職責是以下四個方面:
- 保護,遮蔽,防禦和預防(Protect, Shield, Defend & Prevent)
- 監控,發現和追蹤(Monitor, Detect & Hunt)
- 響應,恢復和維持(Rsponse, Recover & Sustain)
- 治理,管理,遵守,教育和風險的管理(Govern, Manage, Comply, Education & Manage Risk)
我們在上一篇文章根據CISO這四個職能描繪了一個理想的CISO組織架構及架構中每一個部門的相關子職能,今天我們繼續以這四個職能為基礎,結合相關的政策,標準和操作規範,探討進一步將這四大職能分解為子職能及其具體工作內容,並與組織結構中的各部門作出對應關係。
參考的相關政策,標準和操作規範如下:
- CERT Resilience Management Model, version 1.1 [Caralli 2011]
- U. S. National Institute of Standards and Technology Special Publication 800-53 Security and Privacy Controls for Federal Information Systems and Organizations [NIST 2015]
- U.S. Department of Energy Cybersecurity Capability Maturity Model (C2M2) [DOE 2014]
- U. S. National Institute of Standards and Technology Framework for Improving Critical Infrastructure Cybersecurity [NIST 2014]
- National Initiative for Cybersecurity Education (NICE) The National Cybersecurity Workforce Framework Version 1.0 [NICE 2013]1 and the Office of Personnel Management extensions to it [OPM 2014]
- SANS Critical Security Controls [SANS 2015]
每個參考模型,我們將其特定探討的主題對映到CISO的四個主要職能之一:保護,監視,響應和治理。每個功能又表示為具有一個或多個支援活動的子功能(即支援功能的下一個詳細級別)。在構建此對映關係時,我們還增加了“外包”屬性,這個屬性意味著該子功能可以不由CISO團隊執行,CISO僅保留監督職責,可以外包給企業內部其他部門或第三方完成。
理想的CISO職能和資源完整對應如下:
職能一:保護、遮蔽、防禦和預防(Protect, Shield, Defend & Prevent)
職能二:監控,發現和追蹤(Monitor, Detect & Hunt)
職能三:響應,恢復和維持(Rsponse, Recover & Sustain)
職能四:治理,管理,遵守,教育和風險的管理(Govern, Manage, Comply, Education & Manage Risk)
關於全息網禦:全息網禦科技融合NG-DLP、UEBA、NG-SIEM、CASB四項先進技術,結合機器學習(人工智慧),發現並實時重構網路中不可見的”使用者-裝置-資料”互動關係,推出以使用者行為為核心的資訊保安風險感知平臺,為企業的資訊保安管理提供無感知、無死角的智慧追溯系統,高效精準的審計過去、監控現在、防患未來,極大提高IT安全運維和安全人員響應事故、抓取證據鏈、追責去責無責、恢復IT系統的能力和效率。
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