1. 概述
前面文章載入的底圖資料是一種柵格資料,還有一種很重要的地理資訊表現形式是向量資料。在osgEarth中,這部分包含的內容還是很豐富的,這裡就總結一二。
2. 詳論
2.1. 基本繪製
在《osgEarth使用筆記1——顯示一個數字地球》這篇文章中程式碼的基礎之上,新增載入顯示向量的程式碼:
#include <Windows.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <osgViewer/Viewer>
#include <osgDB/ReadFile>
#include <osgEarth/MapNode>
#include <osgEarth/ImageLayer>
#include <osgEarthDrivers/gdal/GDALOptions>
#include <osgEarthDrivers/cache_filesystem/FileSystemCache>
#include <osgEarthDrivers/feature_ogr/OGRFeatureOptions>
#include <osgEarthFeatures/FeatureSourceLayer>
#include <osgEarthFeatures/FeatureModelLayer>
#include <osgEarthUtil/EarthManipulator>
using namespace std;
void AddVector(osg::ref_ptr<osgEarth::Map> map)
{
//
std::string filePath = "D:/Work/OSGNewBuild/osgearth-2.10.1/data/world.shp";
osgEarth::Drivers::OGRFeatureOptions featureData;
featureData.url() = filePath;
// 如果缺少空間參考,可以手動指定
// ifstream infile("C:/Data/vector/hs/23.prj");
// string line;
// getline(infile, line);
// featureData.profile()->srsString() = line;
// Make a feature source layer and add it to the Map:
osgEarth::Features::FeatureSourceLayerOptions ogrLayer;
ogrLayer.name() = filePath + "_source";
ogrLayer.featureSource() = featureData;
osgEarth::Features::FeatureSourceLayer* featureSourceLayer = new osgEarth::Features::FeatureSourceLayer(ogrLayer);
map->addLayer(featureSourceLayer);
osgEarth::Features::FeatureSource *features = featureSourceLayer->getFeatureSource();
if (!features)
{
printf(("無法開啟該向量檔案!"));
return;
}
//
osgEarth::Features::FeatureModelLayerOptions fmlOpt;
fmlOpt.name() = filePath;
fmlOpt.featureSourceLayer() = filePath + "_source";
fmlOpt.enableLighting() = false;
osg::ref_ptr<osgEarth::Features::FeatureModelLayer> fml = new osgEarth::Features::FeatureModelLayer(fmlOpt);
map->addLayer(fml);
}
int main()
{
osgEarth::ProfileOptions profileOpts;
//地圖配置:設定快取目錄
osgEarth::Drivers::FileSystemCacheOptions cacheOpts;
string cacheDir = "D:/Work/OSGNewBuild/tmp";
cacheOpts.rootPath() = cacheDir;
//
osgEarth::MapOptions mapOpts;
mapOpts.cache() = cacheOpts;
mapOpts.profile() = profileOpts;
//建立地圖節點
osg::ref_ptr<osgEarth::Map> map = new osgEarth::Map(mapOpts);
osg::ref_ptr<osgEarth::MapNode> mapNode = new osgEarth::MapNode(map);
osgEarth::Drivers::GDALOptions gdal;
gdal.url() = "D:/Work/OSGNewBuild/osgearth-2.10.1/data/world.tif";
osg::ref_ptr<osgEarth::ImageLayer> layer = new osgEarth::ImageLayer("BlueMarble", gdal);
map->addLayer(layer);
AddVector(map);
osgViewer::Viewer viewer;
viewer.setSceneData(mapNode);
osg::ref_ptr< osgEarth::Util::EarthManipulator> mainManipulator = new osgEarth::Util::EarthManipulator;
viewer.setCameraManipulator(mainManipulator);
viewer.setUpViewInWindow(100, 100, 800, 600);
return viewer.run();
}
osgEarth表達向量的基本思路是,先將其讀取到向量源圖層FeatureSourceLayer中,這個圖層載入到osgEarth的圖層列表中是不顯示的,必須得再載入一個專門的符號化圖層,將其符號號,才能正常顯示。這裡使用的是FeatureModelLayer,也就是將這個向量當成模型來載入。執行這段程式顯示結果如下:
這個向量載入的是osgEarth自帶的向量地圖world.shp,是一個面向量,但是顯示的效果卻不太正確,也是因為沒有設定合適的符號化方式。
2.2. 向量符號化
向量符號化在osgEarth中被抽象成了類似於CSS中樣式表StyleSheet,可以在其中載入樣式Style:
//設定樣式
osgEarth::Symbology::Style style;
//具體設定
//...
//
osgEarth::Features::FeatureModelLayerOptions fmlOpt;
fmlOpt.name() = filePath;
fmlOpt.featureSourceLayer() = filePath + "_source";
fmlOpt.enableLighting() = false;
fmlOpt.styles() = new osgEarth::Symbology::StyleSheet();
fmlOpt.styles()->addStyle(style);
osg::ref_ptr<osgEarth::Features::FeatureModelLayer> fml = new osgEarth::Features::FeatureModelLayer(fmlOpt);
map->addLayer(fml);
2.2.1. 可見性
設定是否啟用深度測試:
//可見性
osgEarth::Symbology::RenderSymbol* rs = style.getOrCreate<osgEarth::Symbology::RenderSymbol>();
rs->depthTest() = false;
2.2.2. 高度設定
//貼地設定
osgEarth::Symbology::AltitudeSymbol* alt = style.getOrCreate<osgEarth::Symbology::AltitudeSymbol>();
alt->clamping() = alt->CLAMP_TO_TERRAIN;
alt->technique() = alt->TECHNIQUE_DRAPE;
osgEarth有三種設定高度的方式,分別是:貼地,相對高程和絕對高程。我這裡是將其設定為貼地。
向量貼地有多種技術實現方式,對每一種情況來說,並不存在一種最好的方式,需要根據實際的情況去設定,具體的技術說明可以參考osgEarth文件:
2.2.3. 符號化
接下來就是設定具體的樣式了。這個向量是個面向量,所以給它設定一個面的樣式,包含邊界線和填充效果:
//設定向量面樣式(包括邊界線)
osgEarth::Symbology::LineSymbol* ls = style.getOrCreateSymbol<osgEarth::Symbology::LineSymbol>();
ls->stroke()->color() = osgEarth::Symbology::Color("#FA8072");
ls->stroke()->width() = 1.0;
ls->tessellationSize()->set(100, osgEarth::Units::KILOMETERS);
osgEarth::Symbology::PolygonSymbol *polygonSymbol = style.getOrCreateSymbol<osgEarth::Symbology::PolygonSymbol>();
polygonSymbol->fill()->color() = osgEarth::Symbology::Color(152.0f / 255, 251.0f / 255, 152.0f / 255, 0.8f); //238 230 133
polygonSymbol->outline() = true;
2.2.4. 顯示標註
可以將向量中儲存的欄位作為註記,標註在地圖中。這時可以另外新建一個FeatureModelLayer圖層,並且還是會用到之間已經讀取好的FeatureSourceLayer,只不過顯示的樣式修改為文字樣式TextSymbol:
void AddAnno(std::string filePath, osg::ref_ptr<osgEarth::Map> map)
{
osgEarth::Symbology::Style labelStyle;
osgEarth::Symbology::TextSymbol* text = labelStyle.getOrCreateSymbol<osgEarth::Symbology::TextSymbol>();
string name = "[CNTRY_NAME]"; //如果需要顯示漢字,則需要轉換成UTF-8編碼
text->content() = osgEarth::Symbology::StringExpression(name);
text->priority() = osgEarth::NumericExpression( "[pop_cntry]" );
text->size() = 16.0f;
text->alignment() = osgEarth::Symbology::TextSymbol::ALIGN_CENTER_CENTER;
text->fill()->color() = osgEarth::Symbology::Color::White;
text->halo()->color() = osgEarth::Symbology::Color::Red;
text->encoding() = osgEarth::Symbology::TextSymbol::ENCODING_UTF8;
//string fontFile = PathRef::GetAppDir() + "/fonts/SourceHanSansCN-Regular.ttf";
//text->font() = fontFile; //如果顯示漢字,需要支援中文字型檔的字型
// and configure a model layer:
osgEarth::Features::FeatureModelLayerOptions fmlOpt;
fmlOpt.name() = filePath + "_labels";
fmlOpt.featureSourceLayer() = filePath + "_source";
fmlOpt.styles() = new osgEarth::Symbology::StyleSheet();
fmlOpt.styles()->addStyle(labelStyle);
osg::ref_ptr<osgEarth::Features::FeatureModelLayer> fml = new osgEarth::Features::FeatureModelLayer(fmlOpt);
map->addLayer(fml);
}
注意osgEarth中顯示漢字還是很麻煩的,最好向量和程式碼相關的設定都是UTF-8編碼的。
2.3. 其他
在最後的結果中如果線要素或者其他特徵要素還是無法渲染,那麼可能就是需要初始化狀態設定:
//解決Lines or Annotations (FeatureNode, etc.) 不被渲染的問題
osgEarth::GLUtils::setGlobalDefaults(viewer.getCamera()->getOrCreateStateSet());
這一點在osgEarth中被提到了:
3. 結果
整理的完整程式碼如下:
#include <Windows.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <osgViewer/Viewer>
#include <osgDB/ReadFile>
#include <osgEarth/MapNode>
#include <osgEarth/ImageLayer>
#include <osgEarth/GLUtils>
#include <osgEarthDrivers/gdal/GDALOptions>
#include <osgEarthDrivers/cache_filesystem/FileSystemCache>
#include <osgEarthDrivers/feature_ogr/OGRFeatureOptions>
#include <osgEarthFeatures/FeatureSourceLayer>
#include <osgEarthFeatures/FeatureModelLayer>
#include <osgEarthUtil/EarthManipulator>
using namespace std;
void AddAnno(std::string filePath, osg::ref_ptr<osgEarth::Map> map)
{
osgEarth::Symbology::Style labelStyle;
osgEarth::Symbology::TextSymbol* text = labelStyle.getOrCreateSymbol<osgEarth::Symbology::TextSymbol>();
string name = "[CNTRY_NAME]"; //如果需要顯示漢字,則需要轉換成UTF-8編碼
text->content() = osgEarth::Symbology::StringExpression(name);
text->priority() = osgEarth::NumericExpression( "[pop_cntry]" );
text->size() = 16.0f;
text->alignment() = osgEarth::Symbology::TextSymbol::ALIGN_CENTER_CENTER;
text->fill()->color() = osgEarth::Symbology::Color::White;
text->halo()->color() = osgEarth::Symbology::Color::Red;
text->encoding() = osgEarth::Symbology::TextSymbol::ENCODING_UTF8;
//string fontFile = PathRef::GetAppDir() + "/fonts/SourceHanSansCN-Regular.ttf";
//text->font() = fontFile; //如果顯示漢字,需要支援中文字型檔的字型
// and configure a model layer:
osgEarth::Features::FeatureModelLayerOptions fmlOpt;
fmlOpt.name() = filePath + "_labels";
fmlOpt.featureSourceLayer() = filePath + "_source";
fmlOpt.styles() = new osgEarth::Symbology::StyleSheet();
fmlOpt.styles()->addStyle(labelStyle);
osg::ref_ptr<osgEarth::Features::FeatureModelLayer> fml = new osgEarth::Features::FeatureModelLayer(fmlOpt);
map->addLayer(fml);
}
void AddVector(osg::ref_ptr<osgEarth::Map> map)
{
//
std::string filePath = "D:/Work/OSGNewBuild/osgearth-2.10.1/data/world.shp";
osgEarth::Drivers::OGRFeatureOptions featureData;
featureData.url() = filePath;
// 如果缺少空間參考,可以手動指定
// ifstream infile("C:/Data/vector/hs/23.prj");
// string line;
// getline(infile, line);
// featureData.profile()->srsString() = line;
// Make a feature source layer and add it to the Map:
osgEarth::Features::FeatureSourceLayerOptions ogrLayer;
ogrLayer.name() = filePath + "_source";
ogrLayer.featureSource() = featureData;
osgEarth::Features::FeatureSourceLayer* featureSourceLayer = new osgEarth::Features::FeatureSourceLayer(ogrLayer);
map->addLayer(featureSourceLayer);
osgEarth::Features::FeatureSource *features = featureSourceLayer->getFeatureSource();
if (!features)
{
printf(("無法開啟該向量檔案!"));
return;
}
//設定樣式
osgEarth::Symbology::Style style;
//可見性
osgEarth::Symbology::RenderSymbol* rs = style.getOrCreate<osgEarth::Symbology::RenderSymbol>();
rs->depthTest() = false;
//貼地設定
osgEarth::Symbology::AltitudeSymbol* alt = style.getOrCreate<osgEarth::Symbology::AltitudeSymbol>();
alt->clamping() = alt->CLAMP_TO_TERRAIN;
alt->technique() = alt->TECHNIQUE_DRAPE;
//設定向量面樣式(包括邊界線)
osgEarth::Symbology::LineSymbol* ls = style.getOrCreateSymbol<osgEarth::Symbology::LineSymbol>();
ls->stroke()->color() = osgEarth::Symbology::Color("#FA8072");
ls->stroke()->width() = 1.0;
ls->tessellationSize()->set(100, osgEarth::Units::KILOMETERS);
osgEarth::Symbology::PolygonSymbol *polygonSymbol = style.getOrCreateSymbol<osgEarth::Symbology::PolygonSymbol>();
polygonSymbol->fill()->color() = osgEarth::Symbology::Color(152.0f / 255, 251.0f / 255, 152.0f / 255, 0.8f); //238 230 133
polygonSymbol->outline() = true;
//
osgEarth::Features::FeatureModelLayerOptions fmlOpt;
fmlOpt.name() = filePath;
fmlOpt.featureSourceLayer() = filePath + "_source";
fmlOpt.enableLighting() = false;
fmlOpt.styles() = new osgEarth::Symbology::StyleSheet();
fmlOpt.styles()->addStyle(style);
osg::ref_ptr<osgEarth::Features::FeatureModelLayer> fml = new osgEarth::Features::FeatureModelLayer(fmlOpt);
map->addLayer(fml);
AddAnno(filePath, map);
}
int main()
{
osgEarth::ProfileOptions profileOpts;
//地圖配置:設定快取目錄
osgEarth::Drivers::FileSystemCacheOptions cacheOpts;
string cacheDir = "D:/Work/OSGNewBuild/tmp";
cacheOpts.rootPath() = cacheDir;
//
osgEarth::MapOptions mapOpts;
mapOpts.cache() = cacheOpts;
mapOpts.profile() = profileOpts;
//建立地圖節點
osg::ref_ptr<osgEarth::Map> map = new osgEarth::Map(mapOpts);
osg::ref_ptr<osgEarth::MapNode> mapNode = new osgEarth::MapNode(map);
osgEarth::Drivers::GDALOptions gdal;
gdal.url() = "D:/Work/OSGNewBuild/osgearth-2.10.1/data/world.tif";
osg::ref_ptr<osgEarth::ImageLayer> layer = new osgEarth::ImageLayer("BlueMarble", gdal);
map->addLayer(layer);
AddVector(map);
osgViewer::Viewer viewer;
viewer.setSceneData(mapNode);
osg::ref_ptr< osgEarth::Util::EarthManipulator> mainManipulator = new osgEarth::Util::EarthManipulator;
viewer.setCameraManipulator(mainManipulator);
//解決Lines or Annotations (FeatureNode, etc.) 不被渲染的問題
osgEarth::GLUtils::setGlobalDefaults(viewer.getCamera()->getOrCreateStateSet());
viewer.setUpViewInWindow(100, 100, 800, 600);
return viewer.run();
}
最後的顯示結果:
4. 問題
osgEarth中向量符號化的樣式機制非常強大,甚至可以將面按照線繪製,線按照點來繪製。但是這樣就會造成一個問題,那就是向量型別如果判斷不正確,渲染的效果就不正確,除非事先知道是點、線或者面。可以從向量圖層中獲取到FeatureSource這個類,存在的getGeometryType()介面獲取的型別有時候不太正確(有時候返回成osgEarth::Symbology::Geometry::TYPE_UNKNOWN)。
一直困擾的兩個問題就來了:
- 對於DXF這種可能包含點、線、面三種型別的向量載入之後,如何設定樣式,保證點按照點樣式渲染,線按照線樣式渲染,面按照面樣式渲染呢?
- 如何修改向量中某個或者某些特定要素的樣式?最好是不重新載入資料。
這兩個問題估計只能留待以後解決了。