(2)Address-Restricted cone NAT :限制地址,即只接收曾經傳送到對端的IP地址來的資料包。
一旦一個內部地址(iAddr:port1)對映到外部地址(eAddr:port2),所有發自iAddr:port1的包都經由eAddr:port2向外傳送。任意外部主機(hostAddr:any)都能通過給eAddr:port2發包到達iAddr:port1的前提是:iAddr:port1之前傳送過包到hostAddr:any. "any"也就是說埠不受限制(只需知道某個轉換後的外網ip+埠即可。)
(3)Port-Restricted cone NAT:類似受限制錐形NAT(Restricted cone NAT),但是還有埠限制。
(4)Symmetric NAT(對稱NAT)
1 /// <summary> 2 /// 打洞服務端,非常的簡單,接收兩個連線並且轉發給對方; 3 /// </summary> 4 public class ServerListener : IServerListener 5 { 6 IPEndPoint EndPoint { get; set; } 7 //訊息委託 8 public delegate void EventMsg(object sender, string e); 9 public static object obj = new object(); 10 //通知訊息 11 public event EventMsg NoticeMsg; 12 //接收事件 13 public event EventMsg ReceivedMsg; 14 /// <summary> 15 /// 上次連結的 16 /// </summary> 17 private Socket Previous; 18 public ServerListener(IPEndPoint endpoint) 19 { 20 this.EndPoint = endpoint; 21 } 22 private Socket listener; 23 public void Start() 24 { 25 this.listener = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp); 26 var connectArgs = new SocketAsyncEventArgs(); 27 listener.Bind(EndPoint); 28 listener.Listen(2); 29 EndPoint = (IPEndPoint)listener.LocalEndPoint; 30 connectArgs.Completed += OnAccept; 31 //是否同步就完成了,同步完成需要自己觸發 32 if (!listener.AcceptAsync(connectArgs)) 33 OnAccept(listener, connectArgs); 34 } 35 byte[] bytes = new byte[400]; 36 private void OnAccept(object sender, SocketAsyncEventArgs e) 37 { 38 Socket socket = null; 39 try 40 { 41 var remoteEndPoint1 = e.AcceptSocket.RemoteEndPoint.ToString(); 42 NoticeMsg?.Invoke(sender, $"客戶端:{remoteEndPoint1}連線上我了!\r\n"); 43 SocketAsyncEventArgs readEventArgs = new SocketAsyncEventArgs(); 44 readEventArgs.Completed += OnSocketReceived; 45 readEventArgs.UserToken = e.AcceptSocket; 46 readEventArgs.SetBuffer(bytes, 0, 400); 47 if (!e.AcceptSocket.ReceiveAsync(readEventArgs)) 48 OnSocketReceived(e.AcceptSocket, readEventArgs); 49 lock (obj) 50 { 51 socket = e.AcceptSocket; 52 //上次有連結並且連結還”健在“ 53 if (Previous == null||! Previous.Connected) 54 { 55 Previous = e.AcceptSocket; 56 } 57 else 58 { 59 //Previous.SendAsync()..? 60 Previous.Send(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(remoteEndPoint1 + "_1")); 61 socket.Send(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(Previous.RemoteEndPoint.ToString() + "_2")); 62 NoticeMsg?.Invoke(sender, $"已經通知雙方!\r\n"); 63 Previous = null; 64 } 65 } 66 67 e.AcceptSocket = null; 68 if (e.SocketError != SocketError.Success) 69 throw new SocketException((int)e.SocketError); 70 71 if(!listener.AcceptAsync(e)) 72 OnAccept(listener, e); 73 } 74 catch 75 { 76 socket?.Close(); 77 } 78 79 } 80 public void Close() 81 { 82 using (listener) 83 { 84 // listener.Shutdown(SocketShutdown.Both); 85 listener.Close(); 86 } 87 //throw new NotImplementedException(); 88 } 89 /// <summary> 90 /// 此處留有一個小BUG,接收的字串大於400的時候會有問題;可以參考客戶端修改 91 /// </summary> 92 public void OnSocketReceived(object sender, SocketAsyncEventArgs e) 93 { 94 Socket socket = e.UserToken as Socket; 95 var remoteEndPoint = socket.RemoteEndPoint.ToString(); 96 try 97 { 98 if (e.BytesTransferred > 0 && e.SocketError == SocketError.Success) 99 { 100 101 ReceivedMsg?.Invoke(sender, $"收到:{remoteEndPoint}發來資訊:{Encoding.UTF8.GetString(e.Buffer, 0, e.BytesTransferred)}\r\n"); 102 103 } 104 else 105 { 106 socket?.Close(); 107 NoticeMsg?.Invoke(sender, $"連結:{remoteEndPoint}釋放啦!\r\n"); 108 return; 109 } 110 if (!socket.ReceiveAsync(e)) 111 OnSocketReceived(socket, e); 112 } 113 catch 114 { 115 socket?.Close(); 116 } 117 118 //{ 119 // if (!((Socket)sender).AcceptAsync(e)) 120 // OnSocketReceived(sender, e); 121 //} 122 //catch 123 //{ 124 // return; 125 //} 126 } 127 }
2.客戶端類 PeerClient用BeginReceive和EndReceive實現非同步;
public class StateObject { public Socket workSocket = null; public const int BufferSize = 100; public byte[] buffer = new byte[BufferSize]; public List<byte> buffers = new List<byte>(); //是不是和伺服器的連結 public bool IsServerCon = false; } /// <summary> /// 打洞節點客戶端 實現的功能: /// 連線伺服器獲取對方節點ip /// 請求對方ip(打洞) /// 根據條件判斷是監聽連線還是監聽等待連線 /// </summary> public class PeerClient : IPeerClient { //ManualResetEvent xxxxDone = new ManualResetEvent(false); //Semaphore /// <summary> /// 當前連結 /// </summary> public Socket Client { get;private set; } #region 服務端 public string ServerHostName { get;private set; } public int ServerPort { get; private set; } #endregion #region 接收和通知事件 public delegate void EventMsg(object sender, string e); //接收事件 public event EventMsg ReceivedMsg; //通知訊息 public event EventMsg NoticeMsg; #endregion //本地繫結的節點 private IPEndPoint LocalEP; public PeerClient(string hostname, int port) { Client = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp); this.ServerHostName = hostname; this.ServerPort = port; } /// <summary> /// 初始化客戶端(包括啟動) /// </summary> public void Init() { try { Client.Connect(ServerHostName, ServerPort); } catch (SocketException ex) { NoticeMsg?.Invoke(Client, $"連線伺服器失敗!{ex}!\r\n"); throw; } catch (Exception ex) { NoticeMsg?.Invoke(Client, $"連線伺服器失敗!{ex}!\r\n"); throw; } NoticeMsg?.Invoke(Client, $"連線上伺服器了!\r\n"); var _localEndPoint = Client.LocalEndPoint.ToString(); LocalEP = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse(_localEndPoint.Split(':')[0]) , int.Parse(_localEndPoint.Split(':')[1])); Receive(Client); } private void Receive(Socket client) { try { StateObject state = new StateObject(); state.workSocket = client; state.IsServerCon = true; client.BeginReceive(state.buffer, 0, StateObject.BufferSize, 0, new AsyncCallback(ReceiveCallback), state); } catch (Exception e) { NoticeMsg?.Invoke(Client, $"接收訊息出錯了{e}!\r\n"); } } private void ReceiveCallback(IAsyncResult ar) { try { var state = (StateObject)ar.AsyncState; Socket _client = state.workSocket; //因為到這邊的經常Connected 還是true //if (!_client.Connected) //{ // _client.Close(); // return; //} SocketError error = SocketError.Success; int bytesRead = _client.EndReceive(ar,out error); if (error == SocketError.ConnectionReset) { NoticeMsg?.Invoke(Client, $"連結已經釋放!\r\n"); _client.Close(); _client.Dispose(); return; } if (SocketError.Success!= error) { throw new SocketException((int)error); } var arr = state.buffer.AsQueryable().Take(bytesRead).ToArray(); state.buffers.AddRange(arr); if (bytesRead >= state.buffer.Length) { _client.BeginReceive(state.buffer, 0, StateObject.BufferSize, 0, new AsyncCallback(ReceiveCallback), state); ////state.buffers.CopyTo(state.buffers.Count, state.buffer, 0, bytesRead); //_client.BeginReceive(state.buffer, 0, StateObject.BufferSize, 0, // new AsyncCallback(ReceiveCallback), state); } else { var _msg = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(state.buffers.ToArray()); ReceivedMsg?.Invoke(_client, _msg); if (state.IsServerCon) { _client.Shutdown(SocketShutdown.Both); _client.Close(); int retryCon = _msg.Contains("_1") ? 1 : 100; _msg = _msg.Replace("_1", "").Replace("_2", ""); TryConnection(_msg.Split(':')[0], int.Parse(_msg.Split(':')[1]), retryCon); return; } state = new StateObject(); state.IsServerCon = false; state.workSocket = _client; _client.BeginReceive(state.buffer, 0, StateObject.BufferSize, 0, new AsyncCallback(ReceiveCallback), state); } } catch (SocketException ex) { //10054 NoticeMsg?.Invoke(Client, $"連結已經釋放!{ex}!\r\n"); } catch (Exception e) { NoticeMsg?.Invoke(Client, $"接收訊息出錯了2{e}!\r\n"); } } /// <summary> /// 打洞或者嘗試連結 /// </summary> private void TryConnection(string remoteHostname, int remotePort,int retryCon) { Client = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp); Client.SetSocketOption(SocketOptionLevel.Socket, SocketOptionName.ReuseAddress, true); var _iPRemotePoint = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse(remoteHostname), remotePort); Client.Bind(LocalEP); System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(retryCon==1?1:3*1000); for (int i = 0; i < retryCon; i++) { try { Client.Connect(_iPRemotePoint); NoticeMsg?.Invoke(Client, $"已經連線上:{remoteHostname}:{remotePort}!\r\n"); StateObject state = new StateObject(); state.workSocket = Client; state.IsServerCon = false; Client.BeginReceive(state.buffer, 0, StateObject.BufferSize, 0, new AsyncCallback(ReceiveCallback), state); return; } catch { NoticeMsg?.Invoke(Client, $"嘗試第{i+1}次連結:{remoteHostname}:{remotePort}!\r\n"); } } if (retryCon==1) { Listening(LocalEP.Port); return; } NoticeMsg?.Invoke(Client, $"嘗試了{retryCon}次都沒有辦法連線到:{remoteHostname}:{remotePort},涼了!\r\n"); } /// <summary> /// 如果連線不成功,因為事先有打洞過了,根據條件監聽 等待對方連線來 /// </summary> private void Listening(int Port) { try { Client = new Socket(AddressFamily.InterNetwork, SocketType.Stream, ProtocolType.Tcp); Client.SetSocketOption(SocketOptionLevel.Socket, SocketOptionName.ReuseAddress, true); Client.Bind(new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Any, Port)); Client.Listen((int)SocketOptionName.MaxConnections); NoticeMsg?.Invoke(Client, $"開始偵聽斷開等待連結過來!\r\n"); StateObject state = new StateObject(); state.IsServerCon = false; var _socket = Client.Accept();//只有一個連結 不用BeginAccept Client.Close();//關係現有偵聽 Client = _socket; state.workSocket = Client; NoticeMsg?.Invoke(Client, $"接收到來自{Client.RemoteEndPoint}的連線!\r\n"); Client.BeginReceive(state.buffer, 0, StateObject.BufferSize, 0, new AsyncCallback(ReceiveCallback), state); } catch (Exception ex) { NoticeMsg?.Invoke(Client, $"監聽出錯了{ex}涼了!\r\n"); } //scoket.send } /// <summary> /// 本例子只存在一個成功的連結,對成功的連線傳送訊息! /// </summary> /// <param name="strMsg"></param> public void Send(string strMsg) { byte[] bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(strMsg); Client.BeginSend(bytes, 0, bytes.Length, 0, new AsyncCallback(SendCallback), Client); } private void SendCallback(IAsyncResult ar) { try { Socket _socket = (Socket)ar.AsyncState; //if(ar.IsCompleted) _socket.EndSend(ar); } catch (Exception e) { NoticeMsg?.Invoke(Client, $"傳送訊息出錯了{e}!\r\n"); } } }
完整程式碼:
https://gitee.com/qqljcn/zsg_-peer-to-peer
Task+(TcpClient+TcpListener )|(UdpClient)實現 tcp|udp的打洞!這個就不貼程式碼了直接放碼雲連線
https://gitee.com/qqljcn/zsg_-peer-to-peer_-lite
1.本人是個老菜鳥程式碼僅供參考,都是挺久以前寫的也沒有經過嚴格的測試僅能演示這個例子,有不成熟的地方,煩請各位大神海涵指教;
2.不要都用本機試這個例子,本機不走nat
3.然後udp因為是無連線的所以打孔成功後不要等太久再發訊息,nat快取一過就失效了!
4.確定自己不是對稱型nat的話,如果打洞不成功,那就多試幾次!
5 .我這個例子程式碼名字叫 PeerToPeer 但不是真的p2p, 微軟提供了p2p的實現 在using System.Net.PeerToPeer名稱空間下。
以上是通過nat的方式,另外還有一種方式是,通過一個有外網ip的第三方伺服器轉發像 花生殼、nat123這類軟體,也有做個小程式,並且自己在用以後演示;