mongodb 4.0副本集搭建

懂點IT的耿小廚發表於2020-08-07

近期有同學問mongodb副本集難不難部署，我的回答是不難，很快，幾分鐘搞定，比mysql MHA簡單的不止一點半點。那麼到底如何部署呢？請看下文。

1. 準備工作

1.1 下載軟體

選擇版本並下載mongodb的軟體，注意作業系統版本等。本次我選用的是percona分支的mongodb 4.2.8版本搭建，作業系統為centos6

cd /usr/local/
wget  https://www.percona.com/downloads/percona-server-mongodb-LATEST/percona-server-mongodb-4.2.8-8/binary/tarball/percona-server-mongodb-4.2.8-8-centos6-x86_64.tar.gz
tar -zxvf  percona-server-mongodb-4.2.8-8-centos6-x86_64.tar.gz
ln -s percona-server-mongodb-4.2.8-8 mongodb

1.2 規劃各節點角色

各節點角色如下

IP	port	role
192.168.128.208	27017	PRIMARY
192.168.128.209	27017	SECONDARY
192.168.128.209	28017	ARBITER

2 部署

2.1 建立各節點相關目錄

[root@m1 ~]# mkdir -p /data/mongodb/27017/{data,logs,tmp,etc,keyfile}
[root@m1 ~]# cd /data/mongodb/27017/
[root@m1 27017]# ll
總用量 20
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 8月   7 16:59 data
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 8月   7 16:59 etc
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 8月   7 16:59 keyfile
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 8月   7 16:59 logs
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 8月   7 16:59 tmp

2.2 配置檔案

建立配置檔案，並新增對應的配置資訊，注意仲裁節點的埠

[root@m1 27017]# cd  /data/mongodb/27017/etc/
[root@m1 etc]# vim mongod.conf
新增如下內容

storage:
  dbPath: /data/mongodb/27017/data
  journal:
    enabled: true
systemLog:
  destination: file
  logAppend: true
  path: /data/mongodb/27017/logs/mongod.log
processManagement:
  fork: true
  pidFilePath: /data/mongodb/27017/tmp/mongod.pid
net:
  port: 27017
  bindIp: 0.0.0.0
replication:
  replSetName: "test1"                 # 副本集名稱

2.3 啟動各節點

以其中一個節點為例，其他節點修改對應配置檔案即可

[root@m1 local]#  /usr/local/mongodb/bin/mongod   -f /data/mongodb/27017/etc/mongod.conf 
about to fork child process, waiting until server is ready for connections.
forked process: 30019
child process started successfully, parent exiting

2.4 初始化副本集

初始化副本集，指定各節點id及角色，注意副本集的名稱和配置檔案裡一致。

在任意節點執行如下語句

> use admin
switched to db admin
> rs.initiate( {
... _id: "test1",
... members: [
... { _id: 0, host: "192.168.128.208:27017" },
... { _id: 1, host: "192.168.128.209:27017" },
... { _id: 2, host: "192.168.128.209:28017",arbiterOnly:true }
... ] })
{
    "ok" : 1,
    "$clusterTime" : {
        "clusterTime" : Timestamp(1596792682, 1),
        "signature" : {
            "hash" : BinData(0,"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA="),
            "keyId" : NumberLong(0)
        }
    },
    "operationTime" : Timestamp(1596792682, 1)
}

完成後可以檢視各叢集狀態,如下，可見當前192.168.128.208:27017 為PRIMARY節點

test1:PRIMARY> rs.status()
{
    "set" : "test1",
    "date" : ISODate("2020-08-07T11:09:24.454Z"),
    "myState" : 1,
    "term" : NumberLong(1),
    "syncingTo" : "",
    "syncSourceHost" : "",
    "syncSourceId" : -1,
    "heartbeatIntervalMillis" : NumberLong(2000),
    "majorityVoteCount" : 2,
    "writeMajorityCount" : 2,
    "optimes" : {
        "lastCommittedOpTime" : {
            "ts" : Timestamp(1596798563, 1),
            "t" : NumberLong(1)
        },
        "lastCommittedWallTime" : ISODate("2020-08-07T11:09:23.663Z"),
        "readConcernMajorityOpTime" : {
            "ts" : Timestamp(1596798563, 1),
            "t" : NumberLong(1)
        },
        "readConcernMajorityWallTime" : ISODate("2020-08-07T11:09:23.663Z"),
        "appliedOpTime" : {
            "ts" : Timestamp(1596798563, 1),
            "t" : NumberLong(1)
        },
        "durableOpTime" : {
            "ts" : Timestamp(1596798563, 1),
            "t" : NumberLong(1)
        },
        "lastAppliedWallTime" : ISODate("2020-08-07T11:09:23.663Z"),
        "lastDurableWallTime" : ISODate("2020-08-07T11:09:23.663Z")
    },
    "lastStableRecoveryTimestamp" : Timestamp(1596798513, 1),
    "lastStableCheckpointTimestamp" : Timestamp(1596798513, 1),
    "electionCandidateMetrics" : {
        "lastElectionReason" : "electionTimeout",
        "lastElectionDate" : ISODate("2020-08-07T09:31:33.409Z"),
        "electionTerm" : NumberLong(1),
        "lastCommittedOpTimeAtElection" : {
            "ts" : Timestamp(0, 0),
            "t" : NumberLong(-1)
        },
        "lastSeenOpTimeAtElection" : {
            "ts" : Timestamp(1596792682, 1),
            "t" : NumberLong(-1)
        },
        "numVotesNeeded" : 2,
        "priorityAtElection" : 1,
        "electionTimeoutMillis" : NumberLong(10000),
        "numCatchUpOps" : NumberLong(0),
        "newTermStartDate" : ISODate("2020-08-07T09:31:33.444Z"),
        "wMajorityWriteAvailabilityDate" : ISODate("2020-08-07T09:31:34.050Z")
    },
    "members" : [
        {
            "_id" : 0,
            "name" : "192.168.128.208:27017",
            "health" : 1,
            "state" : 1,
            "stateStr" : "PRIMARY",
            "uptime" : 5950,
            "optime" : {
                "ts" : Timestamp(1596798563, 1),
                "t" : NumberLong(1)
            },
            "optimeDate" : ISODate("2020-08-07T11:09:23Z"),
            "syncingTo" : "",
            "syncSourceHost" : "",
            "syncSourceId" : -1,
            "infoMessage" : "",
            "electionTime" : Timestamp(1596792693, 1),
            "electionDate" : ISODate("2020-08-07T09:31:33Z"),
            "configVersion" : 1,
            "self" : true,
            "lastHeartbeatMessage" : ""
        },
        {
            "_id" : 1,
            "name" : "192.168.128.209:27017",
            "health" : 1,
            "state" : 2,
            "stateStr" : "SECONDARY",
            "uptime" : 5882,
            "optime" : {
                "ts" : Timestamp(1596798563, 1),
                "t" : NumberLong(1)
            },
            "optimeDurable" : {
                "ts" : Timestamp(1596798563, 1),
                "t" : NumberLong(1)
            },
            "optimeDate" : ISODate("2020-08-07T11:09:23Z"),
            "optimeDurableDate" : ISODate("2020-08-07T11:09:23Z"),
            "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2020-08-07T11:09:23.672Z"),
            "lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2020-08-07T11:09:22.804Z"),
            "pingMs" : NumberLong(0),
            "lastHeartbeatMessage" : "",
            "syncingTo" : "192.168.128.208:27017",
            "syncSourceHost" : "192.168.128.208:27017",
            "syncSourceId" : 0,
            "infoMessage" : "",
            "configVersion" : 1
        },
        {
            "_id" : 2,
            "name" : "192.168.128.209:28017",
            "health" : 1,
            "state" : 7,
            "stateStr" : "ARBITER",
            "uptime" : 5882,
            "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2020-08-07T11:09:23.672Z"),
            "lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2020-08-07T11:09:22.952Z"),
            "pingMs" : NumberLong(0),
            "lastHeartbeatMessage" : "",
            "syncingTo" : "",
            "syncSourceHost" : "",
            "syncSourceId" : -1,
            "infoMessage" : "",
            "configVersion" : 1
        }
    ],
    "ok" : 1,
    "$clusterTime" : {
        "clusterTime" : Timestamp(1596798563, 1),
        "signature" : {
            "hash" : BinData(0,"AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA="),
            "keyId" : NumberLong(0)
        }
    },
    "operationTime" : Timestamp(1596798563, 1)
}
test1:PRIMARY>

3 修改為認證模式

為考慮安全性等，需要開啟認證模式（需要通過使用者名稱/密碼方式登入）

3.1 建立使用者

建立超級管理員賬號

test1:PRIMARY> db.createUser({user: "root", pwd: "Root#123", roles: [{role: "root", db: "admin"}]})
Successfully added user: {
    "user" : "root",
    "roles" : [
        {
            "role" : "root",
            "db" : "admin"
        }
    ]
}

3.2 建立key檔案

在主庫上執行指令碼生成key檔案，然後將結拷貝到另外2個節點

[root@m1 mongodb]# cd /data/mongodb/27017/keyfile/
[root@m1 keyfile]# openssl rand -base64 756 > mongo.key
[root@m1 keyfile]# chmod 600 mongo.key   # 必須修改為600許可權，否則無法啟動

以上完成後，將檔案複製到另外2個節點

3.3 修改配置檔案

配置檔案中 新增如下內容，注意不同節點的檔案路徑

security:
  authorization: enabled
  clusterAuthMode: keyFile
  keyFile: /data/mongodb/27017/keyfile/mongo.key

3.4 重啟後並用認證模式登陸

# 關閉mongodb
[root@m1 keyfile]#  /usr/local/mongodb/bin/mongod   -f /data/mongodb/27017/etc/mongod.conf  -shutdown
killing process with pid: 30675
# 啟動mongodb
[root@m1 keyfile]#  /usr/local/mongodb/bin/mongod   -f /data/mongodb/27017/etc/mongod.conf about to fork child process, waiting until server is ready for connections.
forked process: 2430

child process started successfully, parent exiting

#  認證模式登陸
[root@m1 keyfile]# 
[root@m1 keyfile]# /usr/local/mongodb/bin/mongo   -u root  -p 'Root#123'  --authenticationDatabase admin

至此，mongodb 副本集搭建完畢，你會了嗎？

想了解更多內容或參與技術交流可以關注微信公眾號【資料庫乾貨鋪】或進技術交流群溝通。

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