從CentOS 7.0升級到7.7版本

yang wu發表於2020-04-18

我平時都在VirtualBox上裝虛擬機器,方法是匯入ova映象檔案,比如匯入從網上下載的CentOS7-base.ova,該ova為CentOS 7.0版本,而現在最新版本為7.7,為此進入系統後第一件事就是系統升級:

# yum update

可是該命令居然異常退出了!

重新進入系統後檢查:

# uname -r
3.10.0-123.9.2.el7.x86_64

# cat /proc/version
Linux version 3.10.0-123.9.2.el7.x86_64 (builder@kbuilder.dev.centos.org) (gcc version 4.8.2 20140120 (Red Hat 4.8.2-16) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Tue Oct 28 18:05:26 UTC 2014

# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.7.1908 (Core)

可見Linux發行版本號已改為7.7,但核心仍然是舊版本,並且再次執行yum update命令失敗,說明系統未升級成功。經常一段時間摸索找到兩種從7.0升級到7.7的方法。

方法一:升級失敗後手工解決錯誤並重新升級

yum update命令異常退出後重新登入系統,然後執行:

清理上次失敗的命令

# yum-complete-transaction --cleanup-only

檢視重複的包

# package-cleanup --dupes
kbd-misc-1.15.5-10.el7.noarch
kbd-misc-1.15.5-15.el7.noarch
nss-tools-3.44.0-7.el7_7.x86_64
nss-tools-3.16.2-7.el7_0.x86_64
...
gzip-1.5-10.el7.x86_64
gzip-1.5-7.el7.x86_64

該命令本應無輸出,但由於上次yum update命令失敗導致大量重複的新舊包。

刪除重複的包

# package-cleanup --cleandupes
...
Complete!
Warning: Some duplicates were not removed because they are required by installed packages.
You can try --cleandupes with --removenewestdupes, or review them with --dupes and remove manually.

該命令雖然刪除了很多重複包,但提示未完全清除。

嘗試重新升級

# yum update
...
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Error: Package: avahi-libs-0.6.31-13.el7.x86_64 (@anaconda)
           Requires: avahi = 0.6.31-13.el7
           Removing: avahi-0.6.31-13.el7.x86_64 (@anaconda)
               avahi = 0.6.31-13.el7
           Updated By: avahi-0.6.31-19.el7.x86_64 (base)
               avahi = 0.6.31-19.el7
Error: firewalld conflicts with 1:NetworkManager-0.9.9.1-28.git20140326.4dba720.el7_0.2.x86_64
Error: avahi-libs conflicts with avahi-0.6.31-19.el7.x86_64
 You could try using --skip-broken to work around the problem
...

仍升級失敗!

根據上面的錯誤資訊刪除舊包

# rpm -e avahi-libs-0.6.31-13.el7.x86_64
error: Failed dependencies:
        avahi-libs = 0.6.31-13.el7 is needed by (installed) avahi-0.6.31-13.el7.x86_64
        avahi-libs = 0.6.31-13.el7 is needed by (installed) avahi-autoipd-0.6.31-13.el7.x86_64

該命令失敗,原因是存在依賴項。為此需同時刪除依賴項:

# rpm -e avahi-libs-0.6.31-13.el7.x86_64 \
> avahi-0.6.31-13.el7.x86_64 \
> avahi-autoipd-0.6.31-13.el7.x86_64
error: Failed dependencies:
        avahi-autoipd is needed by (installed) NetworkManager-1:0.9.9.1-28.git20140326.4dba720.el7_0.2.x86_64

仍有其它級聯依賴項,一併刪除:

# rpm -e avahi-libs-0.6.31-13.el7.x86_64 \
> avahi-0.6.31-13.el7.x86_64 \
> avahi-autoipd-0.6.31-13.el7.x86_64 \
> NetworkManager-1:0.9.9.1-28.git20140326.4dba720.el7_0.2.x86_64
error: Failed dependencies:
        NetworkManager = 1:0.9.9.1-28.git20140326.4dba720.el7_0.2 is needed by (installed) NetworkManager-tui-1:0.9.9.1-28.git20140326.4dba720.el7_0.2.x86_64

繼續一併刪除:

# rpm -e avahi-libs-0.6.31-13.el7.x86_64 \
> avahi-0.6.31-13.el7.x86_64 \
> avahi-autoipd-0.6.31-13.el7.x86_64 \
> NetworkManager-1:0.9.9.1-28.git20140326.4dba720.el7_0.2.x86_64 \
> NetworkManager-tui-1:0.9.9.1-28.git20140326.4dba720.el7_0.2.x86_64

成功!

繼續嘗試升級

# yum update
...
Replaced:
  grub2.x86_64 1:2.02-0.2.10.el7.centos.1

Complete!

成功!成功升級後請重啟系統:

# reboot

再次檢視並刪除重複的包

# package-cleanup --dupes
...
kbd-misc-1.15.5-10.el7.noarch
kbd-misc-1.15.5-15.el7.noarch
libdb-5.3.21-25.el7.x86_64
libdb-5.3.21-17.el7_0.1.x86_64
...
libteam-1.27-9.el7.x86_64
libteam-1.9-15.el7.x86_64

仍有一些重複的包,刪除之:

# package-cleanup --cleandupes
...
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Error: Rpmdb checksum is invalid: pkg checksums: grub2-tools-1:2.02-0.2.10.el7.centos.1.x86_64
 You could try using --skip-broken to work around the problem
...

不知何故居然報錯了,但再次執行就成功了:

# package-cleanup --cleandupes
...
Removed:
  audit-libs.x86_64 0:2.3.3-4.el7                         bind-license.noarch 32:9.9.4-14.el7               device-mapper.x86_64 7:1.02.84-14.el7
  device-mapper-event-libs.x86_64 7:1.02.84-14.el7        device-mapper-libs.x86_64 7:1.02.84-14.el7        dracut.x86_64 0:033-161.el7
  e2fsprogs-libs.x86_64 0:1.42.9-4.el7                    kbd-misc.noarch 0:1.15.5-10.el7                   libcom_err.x86_64 0:1.42.9-4.el7
  libcurl.x86_64 0:7.29.0-19.el7                          libdb.x86_64 0:5.3.21-17.el7_0.1                  libss.x86_64 0:1.42.9-4.el7
  libteam.x86_64 0:1.9-15.el7                             systemd.x86_64 0:208-11.el7_0.4                   systemd-libs.x86_64 0:208-11.el7_0.4

Complete!

再檢查一下是否有重複的包:

# package-cleanup --dupes

沒有重複的包了。

重啟系統並再次檢查新版本號

# reboot

# uname -r 3.10.0-1062.18.1.el7.x86_64

# cat /proc/version
Linux version 3.10.0-1062.18.1.el7.x86_64 (mockbuild@kbuilder.bsys.centos.org) (gcc version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-39) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Tue Mar 17 23:49:17 UTC 2020

# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.7.1908 (Core)

完全正確!至此升級成功!

 

方法二:從7.0到7.5再到7.7版本

如果你已執行了yum update命令並且失敗則只能用上面的方法一解決,本方法適用於新裝系統。

從7.0升級到7.5版本

yum update命令預設升級到最新版,但我們可修改配置檔案讓其升級到指定的版本。

檢查是否有更新

# yum list centos-release
...
Installed Packages
centos-release.x86_64                                                   7-0.1406.el7.centos.2.5                                                   @updates
Available Packages
centos-release.x86_64                                                   7-7.1908.0.el7.centos                                                     base

該命令顯示當前版本是7.0,可升級到7.7版本(但我們知道升級會報錯)。

修改CentOS-Base.repo檔案,指向7.5版本庫

把CentOS-Base.repo檔案裡的mirrorlist註釋掉,並增加相應的baseurl,其它不變,如下:

# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
...
[base]
...
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os&infra=$infra #baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/ baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/7.5.1804/os/$basearch/ ...
[updates]
...
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates&infra=$infra #baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/ baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/7.5.1804/updates/$basearch/ ...
[extras] ...
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras&infra=$infra #baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/ baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/7.5.1804/extras/$basearch/ ...
[centosplus]
...
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=centosplus&infra=$infra #baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/ baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/7.5.1804/centosplus/$basearch/ ...

清空快取

修改配置檔案後要清理一下快取:

# yum clean all

再次檢查更新

# yum list centos-release
Installed Packages
centos-release.x86_64                                                   7-0.1406.el7.centos.2.5                                                   @updates
Available Packages
centos-release.x86_64                                                   7-5.1804.5.el7.centos                                                     updates

可見如果升級則將升級到7.5版本。

升級到7.5版本

# yum update

升級成功後請reboot重啟系統。

從7.5升級到7.7版本

把上面的CentOS-Base.repo檔案還原、清空快取、然後執行yum update即可。

 

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