監控索引的使用(轉)

zhouwf0726發表於2019-05-27
如何監控索引的使用?  研究發現,oracle資料庫使用的索引不會超過總數的25%,或者不易他們期望被使用的方式使用。通過 監控資料庫索引的使用,釋放那些未被使用的索引,從而節省維護索引的開銷,優化效能。
  
  1、在oracle8i中,確定使用了那個索引的方法意味著要對存在語共享SQL區中的所有語句執行EXPLIAN PALN,然後查詢計劃表中的OPERATION列,從而識別有OBJECT_OWNER和OBJECT_NAME列所確定的那個索引上的索引訪問。
  下面是一個監控索引使用的指令碼,這個指令碼僅僅是一個樣品,在某種條件下成立:
  
  條件:
  執行這個指令碼的使用者擁有許可權解釋所有的v$sqlarea中的sql,除了不是被SYS裝載的。
  plan_table.remarks能夠別用來決定與特權習慣的錯誤。
  對所有的共享池中SQL,引數OPTIMIZER_GOAL是一個常量,無視v$sqlarea.optimizer_mode。
  兩次快照之間,統計資料被再次分析過。
  沒有語句別截斷。
  所有的物件都是區域性的。
  所有被引用的表或檢視或者是被執行指令碼的使用者所擁有,或者完全有資格的名字或同義詞被使用。
  自從上次快照以來,沒有不受"歡迎"的語句被沖洗出共享池(例如,在裝載)。
  對於所有的語句, v$sqlarea.version_count = 1 (children)。
  
  指令碼:
  Code: [Copy to clipboard]
  set echo off
  Rem Drop and recreate PLAN_TABLE for EXPLAIN PLAN
  drop table plan_table;
  create table PLAN_TABLE (
  statement_id     varchar2(30),
  timestamp      date,
  remarks       varchar2(80),
  operation      varchar2(30),
  options        varchar2(255),
  object_node     varchar2(128),
  object_owner     varchar2(30),
  object_name     varchar2(30),
  object_instance    numeric,
  object_type     varchar2(30),
  optimizer      varchar2(255),
  search_columns     number,
  id            numeric,
  parent_id        numeric,
  position        numeric,
  cost        numeric,
  cardinality        numeric,
  bytes        numeric,
  other_tag      varchar2(255),
  partition_start   varchar2(255),
  partition_stop   varchar2(255),
  partition_id    numeric,
  other        long,
  distribution    varchar2(30),
  cpu_cost        numeric,
  io_cost        numeric,
  temp_space        numeric,
  access_predicates  varchar2(4000),
  filter_predicates  varchar2(4000));
  
  Rem Drop and recreate SQLTEMP for taking a snapshot of the SQLAREA
  drop table sqltemp;
  create table sqltemp  (
  ADDR         VARCHAR2 (16),
  SQL_TEXT         VARCHAR2 (2000),
  DISK_READS        NUMBER,
  EXECUTIONS        NUMBER,
  PARSE_CALLS     NUMBER);
  
  set echo on
  Rem Create procedure to populate the plan_table by executing
  Rem explain plan...for 'sqltext' dynamically
  create or replace procedure do_explain (
  addr IN varchar2, sqltext IN varchar2)
  as dummy varchar2 (1100);
  mycursor integer;
  ret integer;
  my_sqlerrm varchar2 (85);
  begin dummy:='EXPLAIN PLAN SET STATEMENT_ID=' ;
  dummy:=dummy||''''||addr||''''||' FOR '||sqltext;
  mycursor := dbms_sql.open_cursor;
  dbms_sql.parse(mycursor,dummy,dbms_sql.v7);
  ret := dbms_sql.execute(mycursor);
  dbms_sql.close_cursor(mycursor);
  commit;
  exception -- Insert errors into PLAN_TABLE...
  when others then my_sqlerrm := substr(sqlerrm,1,80);
  insert into plan_table(statement_id,remarks) values (addr,my_sqlerrm);
  -- close cursor if exception raised on EXPLAIN PLAN
  dbms_sql.close_cursor(mycursor);
  end;
  /
  
  Rem Start EXPLAINing all S/I/U/D statements in the shared pool
  declare
  -- exclude statements with v$sqlarea.parsing_schema_id = 0 (SYS)
  cursor c1 is select address, sql_text, DISK_READS, EXECUTIONS, PARSE_CALLS
  from v$sqlarea
  where command_type in (2,3,6,7)
  and parsing_schema_id != 0;
  cursor c2 is select addr, sql_text from sqltemp;
  addr2         varchar(16);
  sqltext         v$sqlarea.sql_text%type;
  dreads         v$sqlarea.disk_reads%type;
  execs         v$sqlarea.executions%type;
  pcalls         v$sqlarea.parse_calls%type;
  begin open c1;
  fetch c1 into addr2,sqltext,dreads,execs,pcalls;
  while (c1%found) loop
  insert into sqltemp values(addr2,sqltext,dreads,execs,pcalls);
  commit;
  fetch c1 into addr2,sqltext,dreads,execs,pcalls;
  end  loop;
  close c1;
  open c2;
  fetch c2 into addr2, sqltext;
  while (c2%found) loop
  do_explain(addr2,sqltext);
  fetch c2 into addr2, sqltext;
  end  loop;
  close c2;
  end;
  /
  
  Rem Generate a report of index usage based on the number of times
  Rem a SQL statement using that index was executed
  select p.owner, p.name, sum(s.executions) totexec
  from sqltemp s,
  (select distinct statement_id stid, object_owner owner, object_name name
  from plan_table where operation = 'INDEX') p
  where s.addr = p.stid
  group by p.owner, p.name
  order by 2 desc;
  
  Rem Perform cleanup on exit (optional)
  delete from plan_table
  where statement_id in
  ( select addr from sqltemp );
  drop table sqltemp;
  
  
  
  關於這個指令碼,有幾個重要的地方需要注意,即它可能一起明顯的開銷,因此,應該在仔細地進行 權衡後才把它應用到繁忙的生產應用系統中區。
  
  2、oracle9i中如何確定索引的使用情況
  在oracle9i中,情況會簡單得多,因為有一個新得字典檢視V$SQL_PLAN儲存了實際計劃,這些計劃用於執行共享SQL區中得語句。V$SQL_PLAN檢視很類似與計劃表,但V$SQL_PLAN使用ADDRESS和HASH_VALUE列 來識別語句, 而計劃表使用使用者提供得STATEMENT_ID來識別語句。下面的SQL顯示了在一個oracle9i資料庫中,由出現在共享SQL區中語句使用的所有索引
  [/code]
  select object_owner, object_name, options, count(*)
  from  v$sql_plan
  where operation='INDEX'
  and  object_owner!='SYS'
  group by object_owner, object_name, operation, options
  order by count(*) desc;
  [/code]
  
  所有基於共享SQL區中的信心來識別索引使用情況的方法, 都可能會收集到不完整的資訊。共享SQL區是一 個動態結構,除非能對它進行足夠頻繁的取樣, 否則在有關索引使用的情況的資訊被收集之前,SQL語句可 能就已經(因為老化)被移出快取了。oracle9i提供瞭解決這個問題的方案,即它為alter index提供了一個
  monitoring usage子句。當啟用monitoring usage 時,oralce記錄簡單的yes或no值,以指出在監控間隔 期間某個索引是否被使用。
  
  為了演示這個新特性,你可以使用下面的例子:
  (a) Create and populate a small test table
  (b) Create Primary Key index on that table
  (c) Query v$object_usage: the monitoring has not started yet
  (d) Start monitoring of the index usage
  (e) Query v$object_usage to see the monitoring in progress
  (f) Issue the SELECT statement which uses the index
  (g) Query v$object_usage again to see that the index has been used
  (h) Stop monitoring of the index usage
  (i) Query v$object_usage to see that the monitoring sDetailed steps:
  
  (a) Create and populate a small test table
  create table products  (
  prod_id number(3),
  prod_name_code varchar2(5));
  
  insert into products values(1,'aaaaa');
  insert into products values(2,'bbbbb');
  insert into products values(3,'ccccc');
  insert into products values(4,'ddddd');
  commit;
  
  (b) Create Primary Key index on that table
  alter table products  add (constraint products_pk primary key (prod_id));
  
  (c) Query v$object_usage: the monitoring has not started yet
  column
如何監控索引的使用?  研究發現,oracle資料庫使用的索引不會超過總數的25%,或者不易他們期望被使用的方式使用。通過 監控資料庫索引的使用,釋放那些未被使用的索引,從而節省維護索引的開銷,優化效能。
  
  1、在oracle8i中,確定使用了那個索引的方法意味著要對存在語共享SQL區中的所有語句執行EXPLIAN PALN,然後查詢計劃表中的OPERATION列,從而識別有OBJECT_OWNER和OBJECT_NAME列所確定的那個索引上的索引訪問。
  下面是一個監控索引使用的指令碼,這個指令碼僅僅是一個樣品,在某種條件下成立:
  
  條件:
  執行這個指令碼的使用者擁有許可權解釋所有的v$sqlarea中的sql,除了不是被SYS裝載的。
  plan_table.remarks能夠別用來決定與特權習慣的錯誤。
  對所有的共享池中SQL,引數OPTIMIZER_GOAL是一個常量,無視v$sqlarea.optimizer_mode。
  兩次快照之間,統計資料被再次分析過。
  沒有語句別截斷。
  所有的物件都是區域性的。
  所有被引用的表或檢視或者是被執行指令碼的使用者所擁有,或者完全有資格的名字或同義詞被使用。
  自從上次快照以來,沒有不受"歡迎"的語句被沖洗出共享池(例如,在裝載)。
  對於所有的語句, v$sqlarea.version_count = 1 (children)。
  
  指令碼:
  Code: [Copy to clipboard]
  set echo off
  Rem Drop and recreate PLAN_TABLE for EXPLAIN PLAN
  drop table plan_table;
  create table PLAN_TABLE (
  statement_id     varchar2(30),
  timestamp      date,
  remarks       varchar2(80),
  operation      varchar2(30),
  options        varchar2(255),
  object_node     varchar2(128),
  object_owner     varchar2(30),
  object_name     varchar2(30),
  object_instance    numeric,
  object_type     varchar2(30),
  optimizer      varchar2(255),
  search_columns     number,
  id            numeric,
  parent_id        numeric,
  position        numeric,
  cost        numeric,
  cardinality        numeric,
  bytes        numeric,
  other_tag      varchar2(255),
  partition_start   varchar2(255),
  partition_stop   varchar2(255),
  partition_id    numeric,
  other        long,
  distribution    varchar2(30),
  cpu_cost        numeric,
  io_cost        numeric,
  temp_space        numeric,
  access_predicates  varchar2(4000),
  filter_predicates  varchar2(4000));
  
  Rem Drop and recreate SQLTEMP for taking a snapshot of the SQLAREA
  drop table sqltemp;
  create table sqltemp  (
  ADDR         VARCHAR2 (16),
  SQL_TEXT         VARCHAR2 (2000),
  DISK_READS        NUMBER,
  EXECUTIONS        NUMBER,
  PARSE_CALLS     NUMBER);
  
  set echo on
  Rem Create procedure to populate the plan_table by executing
  Rem explain plan...for 'sqltext' dynamically
  create or replace procedure do_explain (
  addr IN varchar2, sqltext IN varchar2)
  as dummy varchar2 (1100);
  mycursor integer;
  ret integer;
  my_sqlerrm varchar2 (85);
  begin dummy:='EXPLAIN PLAN SET STATEMENT_ID=' ;
  dummy:=dummy||''''||addr||''''||' FOR '||sqltext;
  mycursor := dbms_sql.open_cursor;
  dbms_sql.parse(mycursor,dummy,dbms_sql.v7);
  ret := dbms_sql.execute(mycursor);
  dbms_sql.close_cursor(mycursor);
  commit;
  exception -- Insert errors into PLAN_TABLE...
  when others then my_sqlerrm := substr(sqlerrm,1,80);
  insert into plan_table(statement_id,remarks) values (addr,my_sqlerrm);
  -- close cursor if exception raised on EXPLAIN PLAN
  dbms_sql.close_cursor(mycursor);
  end;
  /
  
  Rem Start EXPLAINing all S/I/U/D statements in the shared pool
  declare
  -- exclude statements with v$sqlarea.parsing_schema_id = 0 (SYS)
  cursor c1 is select address, sql_text, DISK_READS, EXECUTIONS, PARSE_CALLS
  from v$sqlarea
  where command_type in (2,3,6,7)
  and parsing_schema_id != 0;
  cursor c2 is select addr, sql_text from sqltemp;
  addr2         varchar(16);
  sqltext         v$sqlarea.sql_text%type;
  dreads         v$sqlarea.disk_reads%type;
  execs         v$sqlarea.executions%type;
  pcalls         v$sqlarea.parse_calls%type;
  begin open c1;
  fetch c1 into addr2,sqltext,dreads,execs,pcalls;
  while (c1%found) loop
  insert into sqltemp values(addr2,sqltext,dreads,execs,pcalls);
  commit;
  fetch c1 into addr2,sqltext,dreads,execs,pcalls;
  end  loop;
  close c1;
  open c2;
  fetch c2 into addr2, sqltext;
  while (c2%found) loop
  do_explain(addr2,sqltext);
  fetch c2 into addr2, sqltext;
  end  loop;
  close c2;
  end;
  /
  
  Rem Generate a report of index usage based on the number of times
  Rem a SQL statement using that index was executed
  select p.owner, p.name, sum(s.executions) totexec
  from sqltemp s,
  (select distinct statement_id stid, object_owner owner, object_name name
  from plan_table where operation = 'INDEX') p
  where s.addr = p.stid
  group by p.owner, p.name
  order by 2 desc;
  
  Rem Perform cleanup on exit (optional)
  delete from plan_table
  where statement_id in
  ( select addr from sqltemp );
  drop table sqltemp;
  
  
  
  關於這個指令碼,有幾個重要的地方需要注意,即它可能一起明顯的開銷,因此,應該在仔細地進行 權衡後才把它應用到繁忙的生產應用系統中區。
  
  2、oracle9i中如何確定索引的使用情況
  在oracle9i中,情況會簡單得多,因為有一個新得字典檢視V$SQL_PLAN儲存了實際計劃,這些計劃用於執行共享SQL區中得語句。V$SQL_PLAN檢視很類似與計劃表,但V$SQL_PLAN使用ADDRESS和HASH_VALUE列 來識別語句, 而計劃表使用使用者提供得STATEMENT_ID來識別語句。下面的SQL顯示了在一個oracle9i資料庫中,由出現在共享SQL區中語句使用的所有索引
  [/code]
  select object_owner, object_name, options, count(*)
  from  v$sql_plan
  where operation='INDEX'
  and  object_owner!='SYS'
  group by object_owner, object_name, operation, options
  order by count(*) desc;
  [/code]
  
  所有基於共享SQL區中的信心來識別索引使用情況的方法, 都可能會收集到不完整的資訊。共享SQL區是一 個動態結構,除非能對它進行足夠頻繁的取樣, 否則在有關索引使用的情況的資訊被收集之前,SQL語句可 能就已經(因為老化)被移出快取了。oracle9i提供瞭解決這個問題的方案,即它為alter index提供了一個
  monitoring usage子句。當啟用monitoring usage 時,oralce記錄簡單的yes或no值,以指出在監控間隔 期間某個索引是否被使用。
  
  為了演示這個新特性,你可以使用下面的例子:
  (a) Create and populate a small test table
  (b) Create Primary Key index on that table
  (c) Query v$object_usage: the monitoring has not started yet
  (d) Start monitoring of the index usage
  (e) Query v$object_usage to see the monitoring in progress
  (f) Issue the SELECT statement which uses the index
  (g) Query v$object_usage again to see that the index has been used
  (h) Stop monitoring of the index usage
  (i) Query v$object_usage to see that the monitoring sDetailed steps:
  
  (a) Create and populate a small test table
  create table products  (
  prod_id number(3),
  prod_name_code varchar2(5));
  
  insert into products values(1,'aaaaa');
  insert into products values(2,'bbbbb');
  insert into products values(3,'ccccc');
  insert into products values(4,'ddddd');
  commit;
  
  (b) Create Primary Key index on that table
  alter table products  add (constraint products_pk primary key (prod_id));
  
  (c) Query v$object_usage: the monitoring has not started yet
  column

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