SpringBoot極簡整合Shiro

抓住驚魚的熊發表於2019-07-12

1. 前言

Apache Shiro是一個功能強大且易於使用的Java安全框架，提供了認證，授權，加密，和會話管理。

Shiro有三大核心元件：

Subject：即當前使用者，在許可權管理的應用程式裡往往需要知道誰能夠操作什麼，誰擁有操作該程式的權利，shiro中則需要通過Subject來提供基礎的當前使用者資訊，Subject 不僅僅代表某個使用者，與當前應用互動的任何東西都是Subject，如網路爬蟲等。所有的Subject都要繫結到SecurityManager上，與Subject的互動實際上是被轉換為與SecurityManager的互動。

SecurityManager：即所有Subject的管理者，這是Shiro框架的核心元件，可以把他看做是一個Shiro框架的全域性管理元件，用於排程各種Shiro框架的服務。作用類似於SpringMVC中的DispatcherServlet，用於攔截所有請求並進行處理。

Realm：Realm是使用者的資訊認證器和使用者的許可權人證器，我們需要自己來實現Realm來自定義的管理我們自己系統內部的許可權規則。SecurityManager要驗證使用者，需要從Realm中獲取使用者。可以把Realm看做是資料來源。

2. 資料庫設計

2.1 User(使用者)

SET NAMES utf8mb4;
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 0;

-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for user
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `user`;
CREATE TABLE `user`  (
  `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `password` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  `username` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  `account` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT = 4 CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;

-- ----------------------------
-- Records of user
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES (1, 'root', '超級使用者', 'root');
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES (2, 'user', '普通使用者', 'user');
INSERT INTO `user` VALUES (3, 'vip', 'VIP使用者', 'vip');

SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;
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2.2 Role(角色)

SET NAMES utf8mb4;
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 0;

-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for role
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `role`;
CREATE TABLE `role`  (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `role` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  `desc` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT = 4 CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;

-- ----------------------------
-- Records of role
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `role` VALUES (1, 'admin', '超級管理員');
INSERT INTO `role` VALUES (2, 'user', '普通使用者');
INSERT INTO `role` VALUES (3, 'vip_user', 'VIP使用者');

SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;
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2.3 Permission(許可權)

SET NAMES utf8mb4;
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 0;

-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for permission
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `permission`;
CREATE TABLE `permission`  (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `permission` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '許可權名稱',
  `desc` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '許可權描述',
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT = 5 CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;

-- ----------------------------
-- Records of permission
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `permission` VALUES (1, 'add', '增加');
INSERT INTO `permission` VALUES (2, 'update', '更新');
INSERT INTO `permission` VALUES (3, 'select', '檢視');
INSERT INTO `permission` VALUES (4, 'delete', '刪除');

SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;
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2.4 User_Role(使用者-角色)

SET NAMES utf8mb4;
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 0;

-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for user_role
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `user_role`;
CREATE TABLE `user_role`  (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `user_id` int(11) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  `role_id` int(11) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT = 4 CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = Fixed;

-- ----------------------------
-- Records of user_role
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `user_role` VALUES (1, 1, 1);
INSERT INTO `user_role` VALUES (2, 2, 2);
INSERT INTO `user_role` VALUES (3, 3, 3);

SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;
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2.5 Role_Permission(角色-許可權)

SET NAMES utf8mb4;
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 0;

-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for role_permission
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `role_permission`;
CREATE TABLE `role_permission`  (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `role_id` int(11) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  `permission_id` int(255) NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT = 9 CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = Fixed;

-- ----------------------------
-- Records of role_permission
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `role_permission` VALUES (1, 1, 1);
INSERT INTO `role_permission` VALUES (2, 1, 2);
INSERT INTO `role_permission` VALUES (3, 1, 3);
INSERT INTO `role_permission` VALUES (4, 1, 4);
INSERT INTO `role_permission` VALUES (5, 2, 3);
INSERT INTO `role_permission` VALUES (6, 3, 3);
INSERT INTO `role_permission` VALUES (7, 3, 2);
INSERT INTO `role_permission` VALUES (8, 2, 1);

SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;

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3. 專案結構

4. 前期準備

4.1 匯入Pom

<dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>

<dependency>
        <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        <version>1.3.2</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
        <artifactId>shiro-spring</artifactId>
        <version>1.4.0</version>
</dependency>
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4.2 application.yml

server:
  port: 8903
spring:
  application:
    name: lab-user
  datasource:
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/laboratory?charset=utf8
    username: root
    password: root
mybatis:
  type-aliases-package: cn.ntshare.laboratory.entity
  mapper-locations: classpath:mapper/*.xml
  configuration:
    map-underscore-to-camel-case: true

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4.3 實體類

4.3.1 User.java

@Data
@ToString
public class User implements Serializable {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = -6056125703075132981L;

    private Integer id;

    private String account;

    private String password;

    private String username;
}
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4.3.2 Role.java

@Data
@ToString
public class Role implements Serializable {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = -1767327914553823741L;

    private Integer id;

    private String role;

    private String desc;
}

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4.4 Dao層

4.4.1 PermissionMapper.java

@Mapper
@Repository
public interface PermissionMapper {

    List<String> findByRoleId(@Param("roleIds") List<Integer> roleIds);
}
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4.4.2 PermissionMapper.xml

<mapper namespace="cn.ntshare.laboratory.dao.PermissionMapper">
    <sql id="base_column_list">
        id, permission, desc
    </sql>

    <select id="findByRoleId" parameterType="List" resultType="String">
        select permission
        from permission, role_permission rp
        where rp.permission_id = permission.id and rp.role_id in
        <foreach collection="roleIds" item="id" open="(" close=")" separator=",">
            #{id}
        </foreach>
    </select>
</mapper>
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4.4.3 RoleMapper.java

@Mapper
@Repository
public interface RoleMapper {

    List<Role> findRoleByUserId(@Param("userId") Integer userId);
}
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4.4.4 RoleMapper.xml

<mapper namespace="cn.ntshare.laboratory.dao.RoleMapper">
    <sql id="base_column_list">
        id, user_id, role_id
    </sql>

    <select id="findRoleByUserId" parameterType="Integer" resultType="Role">
        select role.id, role
        from role, user, user_role ur
        where role.id = ur.role_id and ur.user_id = user.id and user.id = #{userId}
    </select>
</mapper>
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4.4.5 UserMapper.java

@Mapper
@Repository
public interface UserMapper {
    User findByAccount(@Param("account") String account);
}
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4.4.6 UserMapper.xml

<mapper namespace="cn.ntshare.laboratory.dao.UserMapper">

    <sql id="base_column_list">
        id, account, password, username
    </sql>

    <select id="findByAccount" parameterType="Map" resultType="User">
        select
        <include refid="base_column_list"/>
        from user
        where account = #{account}
    </select>
</mapper>
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4.5 Service層

4.5.1 PermissionServiceImpl.java

@Service
public class PermissionServiceImpl implements PermissionService {

    @Autowired
    private PermissionMapper permissionMapper;

    @Override
    public List<String> findByRoleId(List<Integer> roleIds) {
        return permissionMapper.findByRoleId(roleIds);
    }
}
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4.5.2 RoleServiceImpl.java

@Service
public class RoleServiceImpl implements RoleService {

    @Autowired
    private RoleMapper roleMapper;

    @Override
    public List<Role> findRoleByUserId(Integer id) {
        return roleMapper.findRoleByUserId(id);
    }
}
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4.5.3 UserServiceImpl.java

@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {

    @Autowired
    private UserMapper userMapper;

    @Override
    public User findByAccount(String account) {
        return userMapper.findByAccount(account);
    }
}
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4.6. 系統返回狀態列舉與包裝函式

4.6.1 ServerResponseEnum.java

@AllArgsConstructor
@Getter
public enum ServerResponseEnum {
    SUCCESS(0, "成功"),
    ERROR(10, "失敗"),

    ACCOUNT_NOT_EXIST(11, "賬號不存在"),
    DUPLICATE_ACCOUNT(12, "賬號重複"),
    ACCOUNT_IS_DISABLED(13, "賬號被禁用"),
    INCORRECT_CREDENTIALS(14, "賬號或密碼錯誤"),
    NOT_LOGIN_IN(15, "賬號未登入"),
    UNAUTHORIZED(16, "沒有許可權")
    ;
    Integer code;
    String message;
}
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4.6.2 ServerResponseVO.java

@Getter
@Setter
@NoArgsConstructor
public class ServerResponseVO<T> implements Serializable {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = -1005863670741860901L;
    // 響應碼
    private Integer code;

    // 描述資訊
    private String message;

    // 響應內容
    private T data;

    private ServerResponseVO(ServerResponseEnum responseCode) {
        this.code = responseCode.getCode();
        this.message = responseCode.getMessage();
    }

    private ServerResponseVO(ServerResponseEnum responseCode, T data) {
        this.code = responseCode.getCode();
        this.message = responseCode.getMessage();
        this.data = data;
    }

    private ServerResponseVO(Integer code, String message) {
        this.code = code;
        this.message = message;
    }

    /**
     * 返回成功資訊
     * @param data      資訊內容
     * @param <T>
     * @return
     */
    public static<T> ServerResponseVO success(T data) {
        return new ServerResponseVO<>(ServerResponseEnum.SUCCESS, data);
    }

    /**
     * 返回成功資訊
     * @return
     */
    public static ServerResponseVO success() {
        return new ServerResponseVO(ServerResponseEnum.SUCCESS);
    }

    /**
     * 返回錯誤資訊
     * @param responseCode      響應碼
     * @return
     */
    public static ServerResponseVO error(ServerResponseEnum responseCode) {
        return new ServerResponseVO(responseCode);
    }
}
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4.7 統一異常處理

當使用者身份認證失敗時，會丟擲UnauthorizedException，我們可以通過統一異常處理來處理該異常

@RestControllerAdvice
public class UserExceptionHandler {

    @ExceptionHandler(UnauthorizedException.class)
    @ResponseStatus(HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED)
    public ServerResponseVO UnAuthorizedExceptionHandler(UnauthorizedException e) {
        return ServerResponseVO.error(ServerResponseEnum.UNAUTHORIZED);
    }
}
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5. 整合Shiro

5.1 UserRealm.java

/**
 * 負責認證使用者身份和對使用者進行授權
 */
public class UserRealm extends AuthorizingRealm {

    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    @Autowired
    private RoleService roleService;

    @Autowired
    private PermissionService permissionService;

    // 使用者授權
    protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principalCollection) {
        User user = (User) principalCollection.getPrimaryPrincipal();
        SimpleAuthorizationInfo authorizationInfo = new SimpleAuthorizationInfo();
        List<Role> roleList = roleService.findRoleByUserId(user.getId());
        Set<String> roleSet = new HashSet<>();
        List<Integer> roleIds = new ArrayList<>();
        for (Role role : roleList) {
            roleSet.add(role.getRole());
            roleIds.add(role.getId());
        }
        // 放入角色資訊
        authorizationInfo.setRoles(roleSet);
        // 放入許可權資訊
        List<String> permissionList = permissionService.findByRoleId(roleIds);
        authorizationInfo.setStringPermissions(new HashSet<>(permissionList));

        return authorizationInfo;
    }

    // 使用者認證
    protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken authToken) throws AuthenticationException {
        UsernamePasswordToken token = (UsernamePasswordToken) authToken;
        User user = userService.findByAccount(token.getUsername());
        if (user == null) {
            return null;
        }
        return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo(user, user.getPassword(), getName());
    }
}
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5.2 ShiroConfig.java

@Configuration
public class ShiroConfig {

    @Bean
    public UserRealm userRealm() {
        return new UserRealm();
    }

    @Bean
    public DefaultWebSecurityManager securityManager() {
        DefaultWebSecurityManager securityManager = new DefaultWebSecurityManager();
        securityManager.setRealm(userRealm());
        return securityManager;
    }

    /**
     * 路徑過濾規則
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public ShiroFilterFactoryBean shiroFilter(DefaultWebSecurityManager securityManager) {
        ShiroFilterFactoryBean shiroFilterFactoryBean = new ShiroFilterFactoryBean();
        shiroFilterFactoryBean.setSecurityManager(securityManager);

        shiroFilterFactoryBean.setLoginUrl("/login");
        shiroFilterFactoryBean.setSuccessUrl("/");
        Map<String, String> map = new LinkedHashMap<>();
        // 有先後順序
        map.put("/login", "anon");      // 允許匿名訪問
        map.put("/**", "authc");        // 進行身份認證後才能訪問
        shiroFilterFactoryBean.setFilterChainDefinitionMap(map);
        return shiroFilterFactoryBean;
    }

    /**
     * 開啟Shiro註解模式，可以在Controller中的方法上新增註解
     * @param securityManager
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public AuthorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor authorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor(@Qualifier("securityManager") DefaultSecurityManager securityManager) {
        AuthorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor authorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor = new AuthorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor();
        authorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor.setSecurityManager(securityManager);
        return authorizationAttributeSourceAdvisor;
    }
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5.3 LoginController.java

@RestController
@RequestMapping("")
public class LoginController {

    @PostMapping("/login")
    public ServerResponseVO login(@RequestParam(value = "account") String account,
                                  @RequestParam(value = "password") String password) {
        Subject userSubject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
        UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken(account, password);
        try {
            // 登入驗證
            userSubject.login(token);
            return ServerResponseVO.success();
        } catch (UnknownAccountException e) {
            return ServerResponseVO.error(ServerResponseEnum.ACCOUNT_NOT_EXIST);
        } catch (DisabledAccountException e) {
            return ServerResponseVO.error(ServerResponseEnum.ACCOUNT_IS_DISABLED);
        } catch (IncorrectCredentialsException e) {
            return ServerResponseVO.error(ServerResponseEnum.INCORRECT_CREDENTIALS);
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return ServerResponseVO.error(ServerResponseEnum.ERROR);
        }
    }

    @GetMapping("/login")
    public ServerResponseVO login() {
        return ServerResponseVO.error(ServerResponseEnum.NOT_LOGIN_IN);
    }

    @GetMapping("/auth")
    public String auth() {
        return "已成功登入";
    }

    @GetMapping("/role")
    @RequiresRoles("vip")
    public String role() {
        return "測試Vip角色";
    }

    @GetMapping("/permission")
    @RequiresPermissions(value = {"add", "update"}, logical = Logical.AND)
    public String permission() {
        return "測試Add和Update許可權";
    }
}
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6. 測試

6.1 用root使用者登入

6.1.1 登入

6.1.2 驗證是否登入

6.1.3 測試角色許可權

6.1.4 測試使用者操作許可權

6.2 user使用者和vip使用者測試略

7. 總結

本文演示了SpringBoot極簡整合Shiro框架，實現了基礎的身份認證和授權功能，如有不足，請多指教。

後續可擴充套件的功能點有：

整合Redis實現Shiro的分散式會話
整合JWT實現單點登入功能

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