本文作者:IMWeb IMWeb團隊 原文出處:IMWeb社群 未經同意,禁止轉載
create-react-app是一個react的cli腳手架+構建器,我們可以基於CRA零配置直接上手開發一個react的SPA應用。 通過3種方式快速建立一個React SPA應用:
npm init
with initializer (npm 6.1+)npx
with generator (npm 5.2+)yarn create
with initializer (yarn 0.25+)
例如我們新建一個叫my-app的SPA:
my-app
├── README.md
├── node_modules
├── package.json
├── .gitignore
├── public
│ ├── favicon.ico
│ ├── index.html
│ └── manifest.json
└── src
├── App.css
├── App.js
├── App.test.js
├── index.css
├── index.js
├── logo.svg
└── serviceWorker.js
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通過新增引數生成ts支援:
npx create-react-app my-app --typescript
# or
yarn create react-app my-app --typescript
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當然,如果我們是把一個CRA已經生成的js專案改成支援ts,可以:
npm install --save typescript @types/node @types/react @types/react-dom @types/jest
# or
yarn add typescript @types/node @types/react @types/react-dom @types/jest
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然後,將.js檔案字尾改成.ts重啟development server即可。
CRA還能幹嘛
CRA除了能幫我們構建出一個React的SPA專案(generator),充當腳手架的作用。還能為我們在專案開發,編譯時進行構建,充當builder的作用。可以看到生成的專案中的package.json
包含很多命令:
react-scripts start
啟動開發模式下的一個dev-server,並支援程式碼修改時的Hot Reload
react-scripts build
使用webpack進行編譯打包,生成生產模式下的所有指令碼,靜態資源react-scripts test
執行所有測試用例,完成對我們每個模組質量的保證
這裡,我們針對start這條線進行追蹤,探查CRA實現的原理。入口為create-react-app/packages/react-scripts/bin/react-scripts.js
,這個指令碼會在react-scripts中設定到package.json
的bin欄位中去,也就是說這個package可以作為可執行的nodejs指令碼,通過cli方式在nodejs宿主環境中。這個入口指令碼非常簡單,這裡只列出主要的一個switch
分支:
switch (script) {
case 'build':
case 'eject':
case 'start':
case 'test': {
const result = spawn.sync(
'node',
nodeArgs
.concat(require.resolve('../scripts/' + script))
.concat(args.slice(scriptIndex + 1)),
{ stdio: 'inherit' }
);
if (result.signal) {
if (result.signal === 'SIGKILL') {
console.log(
'The build failed because the process exited too early. ' +
'This probably means the system ran out of memory or someone called ' +
'`kill -9` on the process.'
);
} else if (result.signal === 'SIGTERM') {
console.log(
'The build failed because the process exited too early. ' +
'Someone might have called `kill` or `killall`, or the system could ' +
'be shutting down.'
);
}
process.exit(1);
}
process.exit(result.status);
break;
}
default:
console.log('Unknown script "' + script + '".');
console.log('Perhaps you need to update react-scripts?');
console.log(
'See: https://facebook.github.io/create-react-app/docs/updating-to-new-releases'
);
break;
}
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可以看到,當根據不同command,會分別resolve不同的js指令碼,執行不同的任務,這裡我們繼續看require('../scripts/start')
:
// Do this as the first thing so that any code reading it knows the right env.
process.env.BABEL_ENV = 'development';
process.env.NODE_ENV = 'development';
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因為是開發模式,所以這裡把babel,node的環境變數都設定為development
,然後是全域性錯誤的捕獲,這些都是一個cli指令碼通常的處理方式:
// Makes the script crash on unhandled rejections instead of silently
// ignoring them. In the future, promise rejections that are not handled will
// terminate the Node.js process with a non-zero exit code.
process.on('unhandledRejection', err => {
throw err;
});
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確保其他的環境變數配置也讀進程式了,所以這裡會通過../config/env
指令碼進行初始化:
// Ensure environment variables are read.
require('../config/env');
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還有一些預檢查,這部分是作為eject之前對專案目錄的檢查,這裡因為eject不在我們範圍,直接跳過。然後進入到了我們主指令碼的依賴列表:
const fs = require('fs');
const chalk = require('react-dev-utils/chalk');
const webpack = require('webpack');
const WebpackDevServer = require('webpack-dev-server');
const clearConsole = require('react-dev-utils/clearConsole');
const checkRequiredFiles = require('react-dev-utils/checkRequiredFiles');
const {
choosePort,
createCompiler,
prepareProxy,
prepareUrls,
} = require('react-dev-utils/WebpackDevServerUtils');
const openBrowser = require('react-dev-utils/openBrowser');
const paths = require('../config/paths');
const configFactory = require('../config/webpack.config');
const createDevServerConfig = require('../config/webpackDevServer.config');
const useYarn = fs.existsSync(paths.yarnLockFile);
const isInteractive = process.stdout.isTTY;
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可以看到,主要的依賴還是webpack,WDS,以及自定義的一些devServer的configuration以及webpack的configuration,可以大膽猜想原理和我們平時使用webpack並沒有什麼不同。
因為create-react-app my-app
之後通過模版生成的專案中入口指令碼被放置在src/index.js,而入口html被放置在public/index.html,所以需要對這兩個檔案進行檢查:
// Warn and crash if required files are missing
if (!checkRequiredFiles([paths.appHtml, paths.appIndexJs])) {
process.exit(1);
}
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下面這部分是涉及C9雲部署時的環境變數檢查,不在我們考究範圍,也直接跳過。react-dev-utils/browsersHelper
是一個瀏覽器支援的幫助utils,因為在react-scripts v2
之後必須要提供一個browser list支援列表,不過我們可以在package.json
中看到,模版專案中已經為我們生成了:
"browserslist": {
"production": [
">0.2%",
"not dead",
"not op_mini all"
],
"development": [
"last 1 chrome version",
"last 1 firefox version",
"last 1 safari version"
]
}
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檢查完devServer埠後,進入我們核心邏輯執行,這裡的主線還是和我們使用webpack方式幾乎沒什麼區別,首先會通過configFactory
建立出一個webpack的configuration object,然後通過createDevServerConfig
建立出一個devServer的configuration object,然後傳遞webpack config例項化一個webpack compiler例項,傳遞devServer的configuration例項化一個WDS例項開始監聽指定的埠,最後通過openBrowser呼叫我們的瀏覽器,開啟我們的SPA。
其實,整個流程我們看到這裡,已經結束了,我們知道WDS和webpack配合,可以進行熱更,file changes watching等功能,我們開發時,通過修改原始碼,或者樣式檔案,會被實時監聽,然後webpack中的HWR會實時重新整理瀏覽器頁面,可以很方便的進行實時除錯開發。
const config = configFactory('development');
const protocol = process.env.HTTPS === 'true' ? 'https' : 'http';
const appName = require(paths.appPackageJson).name;
const useTypeScript = fs.existsSync(paths.appTsConfig);
const urls = prepareUrls(protocol, HOST, port);
const devSocket = {
warnings: warnings =>
devServer.sockWrite(devServer.sockets, 'warnings', warnings),
errors: errors =>
devServer.sockWrite(devServer.sockets, 'errors', errors),
};
// Create a webpack compiler that is configured with custom messages.
const compiler = createCompiler({
appName,
config,
devSocket,
urls,
useYarn,
useTypeScript,
webpack,
});
// Load proxy config
const proxySetting = require(paths.appPackageJson).proxy;
const proxyConfig = prepareProxy(proxySetting, paths.appPublic);
// Serve webpack assets generated by the compiler over a web server.
const serverConfig = createDevServerConfig(
proxyConfig,
urls.lanUrlForConfig
);
const devServer = new WebpackDevServer(compiler, serverConfig);
// Launch WebpackDevServer.
devServer.listen(port, HOST, err => {
if (err) {
return console.log(err);
}
if (isInteractive) {
clearConsole();
}
// We used to support resolving modules according to `NODE_PATH`.
// This now has been deprecated in favor of jsconfig/tsconfig.json
// This lets you use absolute paths in imports inside large monorepos:
if (process.env.NODE_PATH) {
console.log(
chalk.yellow(
'Setting NODE_PATH to resolve modules absolutely has been deprecated in favor of setting baseUrl in jsconfig.json (or tsconfig.json if you are using TypeScript) and will be removed in a future major release of create-react-app.'
)
);
console.log();
}
console.log(chalk.cyan('Starting the development server...\n'));
openBrowser(urls.localUrlForBrowser);
});
['SIGINT', 'SIGTERM'].forEach(function(sig) {
process.on(sig, function() {
devServer.close();
process.exit();
});
});
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通過start
命令的追蹤,我們知道CRA最終還是通過WDS和webpack進行開發監聽的,其實build
會比start
更簡單,只是在webpack configuration中會進行優化。CRA做到了可以0配置,就能進行react專案的開發,除錯,打包。
其實是因為CRA把複雜的webpack config配置封裝起來了,把babel plugins預設好了,把開發時會常用到的一個環境檢查,polyfill相容都給開發者做了,所以使用起來會比我們直接使用webpack,自己進行重複的配置資訊設定要來的簡單很多。