Date填坑記

因發表於2018-06-27

平時在專案開發中，經常會遇到諸多的時間處理，最開始選擇moment，後來發現，其實專案中需要處理函式的場景比較單一，沒必要引入moment，於是就開始了處理date的漫漫填坑之路。

填坑之旅

坑一

Date填坑記

首先看一下上面這段程式碼，我的本意是生成2018-06-17 00:00:00這個時間，但是執行的結果卻是早上8點。那麼理清這個的原因就涉及GMT、UTC的概念。

GMT（格林尼治標準時間）是一些歐洲和非洲國家正式使用的時間，UTC是國際標準。這兩個時間一般情況是相等的。中國處於東八區，與UTC時間相差8個小時，也就是說UTC時間00:00:00的時候，我們的時間是08:00:00。

為了避免這種現象，對於任何的輸入，都統一生成一個UTC時間，那麼新建一個date函式，這個Date函式用於根據傳入的時間模板，生成一致的時間。'yyyy-MM-dd'格式的時間模板new出來的date是本地時間，所以用正規表示式匹配一下/^\d{4}(-\d{2}){0,2}$/.test(date)。重寫一個Date建構函式，用於根據輸入的時間模板生成一致的時間。

    var localDate = new Date(date)
    if (date && /^\d{4}(-\d{2}){0,2}$/.test(date))  {
      let timeZoneOffset = localDate.getTimezoneOffset()
      let utcTimeStamp = localDate.getTime() + timeZoneOffset * 60 * 1000
      return new Date(utcTimeStamp)
    }
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坑二

IOS上執行new Date('1990-01-04 09:09:09')會得到invilaid date。處理方法是對1990-01-04轉換成1990/01/04的格式

後端為了區分時間和普通的字串，對時間模板通常會加一個T分隔時間，如'1990-01-04T10:10:00'。 js移動端執行結果

Date填坑記
PC端執行結果
Date填坑記

ISO 8601的標準格式是：YYYY-MM-DDTHH:mm:ss.sssZ。T表示UTC，所以手機端執行出的時間會在加上8個小時的時差。

此外，

考慮到後端用T只是用於區分普通字串和時間，所以此處將T替換成空格。 完整的生成Date的函式


  function DateUTC (date) {
    let isDate = (typeof date === 'object') && (date instanceof Date)
    if (isDate) return date
    let localDate
    
    if (Object.prototype.toString.apply(date).slice(-7, -1) === 'String') {
      date = date.replace(/T/, ' ').replace(/-/g, '/')
    }
    try {
      localDate = date === undefined ? new Date() : new Date(date)
    } catch (e) {
      console.error(e)
    }
    
    var localDate = new Date(date)
    if (date && /^\d{4}(-\d{2}){0,2}$/.test(date))  {
      let timeZoneOffset = localDate.getTimezoneOffset()
      let utcTimeStamp = localDate.getTime() + timeZoneOffset * 60 * 1000
      return new Date(utcTimeStamp)
    }
    return localDate
  }
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常用的功能

format，格式化時間

    // 預設的格式是 'yyyy-MM-dd'
  function format (date, form = 'yyyy-MM-dd') {
    date = DateUTC(date)
    if (!form) return date
    let year = date.getFullYear()
    let month = leftPad(date.getMonth() + 1)
    let day = leftPad(date.getDate())
    let hours = leftPad(date.getHours())
    let minutes = leftPad(date.getMinutes())
    let seconds = leftPad(date.getSeconds())
    return form.replace('yyyy', year).replace('MM', month).replace('dd', day).replace('HH', hours).replace('mm', minutes).replace('ss', seconds)
  }
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diff，計算兩個時間差

  /**
   * 
   * @param {*} time1 a Date object or Date params
   * @param {*} time2 a Date object or Date params
   * @param {*} unit can be one of ['year', 'month', 'day', 'hour', 'minute', 'second']
   * @param {*} exact get exact day diff
   */
  function diff (time1, time2, unit='day', exact = false) {
    let date1 = DateUTC(time1)
    let date2 = DateUTC(time2)
    if (unit === 'year') {
      return date2.getFullYear() - date1.getFullYear()
    }
    if (unit === 'month') {
      let diffYear = date2.getFullYear() - date1.getFullYear()
      return (date2.getMonth() - date1.getMonth()) + 12 * diffYear
    }
    if (!exact && unit === 'day') {
      date1 = DateUTC(format(date1, 'yyyy-MM-dd'))
      date2 = DateUTC(format(date2, 'yyyy-MM-dd'))
    }
    let timeStampUnit = getTimeStampUnit(unit)
    return parseInt((date2.getTime() - date1.getTime()) / timeStampUnit)
  }
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dateFrom，根據給定的時間time，返回另一個時間

  /**
   * 
   * @param {*} date a Date object or Date params
   * @param {*} diff 
   * @param {*} unit can be one of ['year', 'month', 'day', 'hour', 'minute', 'second']
   * for example: dateFrom('2012-02-29', 12, 'month') // Fri Mar 01 2013 00:00:00 GMT+0800 (CST)
   */
  function dateFrom(time, diff, unit='day') {
    let date = DateUTC(time)
    if (unit === 'year') {
      let year =  date.getFullYear() + diff
      return DateUTC(date.setFullYear(year))
    }
    if (unit === 'month') {
      let month = date.getMonth() + diff
      return DateUTC(date.setMonth(month))
    }
    let timeStampUnit = getTimeStampUnit(unit)
    return DateUTC(date.getTime() + diff * timeStampUnit)
  }
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dateTemplate，時間模板函式

  /**
   * a date template which can help you new a Date
   */
  function dateTemplate ({ date, diff, form, unit } = {}) {
    var _date = !date ? DateUTC() : date
    if (diff) {
      _date = dateFrom(_date, diff, unit)
    }
    if (form) {
      _date = format(_date, form)
    }
    return _date
  }
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完整程式碼

(function ($) {
function DateUTC (date) {
  if (arguments.length === 0) return new Date()
  if (isDate(date)) return date
  let localDate
  if (Object.prototype.toString.apply(date).slice(-7, -1) === 'String') {
    date = date.replace(/T/, ' ').replace(/-/g, '/')
  }
  try {
    localDate = new Date(date)
  } catch (e) {
    console.error(e)
  }
  // 匹配yyyy-MM-dd | yyyy-MM
  if (date && /^\d{4}(-\d{2}){0,2}$/.test(date))  {
    let timeZoneOffset = localDate.getTimezoneOffset()
    let utcTimeStamp = localDate.getTime() + timeZoneOffset * 60 * 1000
    return new Date(utcTimeStamp)
  }
  return localDate
}

function format (date, form = 'yyyy-MM-dd') {
  date = DateUTC(date)
  if (!form) return date
  let year = date.getFullYear()
  let month = leftPad(date.getMonth() + 1)
  let day = leftPad(date.getDate())
  let hours = leftPad(date.getHours())
  let minutes = leftPad(date.getMinutes())
  let seconds = leftPad(date.getSeconds())
  return form.replace('yyyy', year).replace('MM', month).replace('dd', day).replace('HH', hours).replace('mm', minutes).replace('ss', seconds)
}

/**
 * 
 * @param {*} time1 a Date object or Date params
 * @param {*} time2 a Date object or Date params
 * @param {*} unit can be one of ['year', 'month', 'day', 'hour', 'minute', 'second']
 * @param {*} exact get exact day diff
 */
function diff (time1, time2, unit='day', exact = false) {
  let date1 = DateUTC(time1)
  let date2 = DateUTC(time2)
  if (unit === 'year') {
    return date2.getFullYear() - date1.getFullYear()
  }
  if (unit === 'month') {
    let diffYear = date2.getFullYear() - date1.getFullYear()
    return (date2.getMonth() - date1.getMonth()) + 12 * diffYear
  }
  if (!exact && unit === 'day') {
    date1 = DateUTC(format(date1, 'yyyy-MM-dd'))
    date2 = DateUTC(format(date2, 'yyyy-MM-dd'))
  }
  let timeStampUnit = getTimeStampUnit(unit)
  return parseInt((date2.getTime() - date1.getTime()) / timeStampUnit)
}
/**
 * 
 * @param {*} date a Date object or Date params
 * @param {*} diff 
 * @param {*} unit can be one of ['year', 'month', 'day', 'hour', 'minute', 'second']
 * for example: dateFrom('2012-02-29', 12, 'month') // Fri Mar 01 2013 00:00:00 GMT+0800 (CST)
 */
function dateFrom(time, diff, unit='day') {
  let date = DateUTC(time)
  if (unit === 'year') {
    let year =  date.getFullYear() + diff
    return DateUTC(date.setFullYear(year))
  }
  if (unit === 'month') {
    let month = date.getMonth() + diff
    return DateUTC(date.setMonth(month))
  }
  let timeStampUnit = getTimeStampUnit(unit)
  return DateUTC(date.getTime() + diff * timeStampUnit)
}

/**
 * a date template which can help you new a Date
 */
function dateTemplate ({ date, diff, form, unit } = {}) {
  var _date = !date ? DateUTC() : date
  if (diff) {
    _date = dateFrom(_date, diff, unit)
  }
  if (form) {
    _date = format(_date, form)
  }
  return _date
}


function isDate (date) {
  return date instanceof Date
}

function leftPad (val) {
  return val.toString().padStart(2, '0')
}

function getTimeStampUnit (unit) {
  switch (unit) {
    case 'day':
      return 1000 * 3600 * 24
    case 'hour':
      return  1000 * 3600
    case 'minute':
      return 1000 * 60
    case 'second':
      return 1000
      break
    default:
      return 1
  }
}

$.format = format
$.diff = diff
$.DateUTC = DateUTC
$.dateFrom = dateFrom
$.dateTemplate = dateTemplate
})(window.$);
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