Python3.6實現12306火車票自動搶票

gxcuizy發表於2019-03-03

最近在學Python,所以用Python寫了這個12306搶票指令碼,分享出來,與大家共同交流和學習,有不對的地方,請大家多多指正。話不多說,進入正題:

在進入正題之前,我想說明一下,由於12306官網的改版更新,所以指令碼作了一點小小的變化,具體修改後的原始碼,可以到GitHub上面檢視……新版指令碼原始碼

這個指令碼目前只能刷一趟車的,人數可以是多個,支援選取作為型別等。
實現思路是splinter.browser模擬瀏覽器登陸和操作,由於12306的驗證碼不好自動識別,所以,驗證碼需要使用者進行手動識別,並進行登陸操作,之後的事情,就交由指令碼來操作就可以了,下面是我測試時候的一些截圖:

第一步:如下圖,首先輸入搶票基本資訊

Python3.6實現12306火車票自動搶票

第二步:然後進入登入頁,需要手動輸入驗證碼,並點選登陸操作

Python3.6實現12306火車票自動搶票

第三步:登陸後,自動進入到搶票頁面,如下圖這樣的

Python3.6實現12306火車票自動搶票

最後:就是坐等刷票結果就好了,如下圖這樣,就說是刷票成功了,刷到票後,會進行簡訊和郵件的通知,請記得及時前往12306進行支付,不然就白搶了。

Python3.6實現12306火車票自動搶票

Python執行環境:python3.6
用到的模組:re、splinter、time、sys、httplib2、urllib、smtplib、email
未安裝的模組,請使用pip instatll進行安裝,例如:pip install splinter
如下程式碼是這個指令碼所有用到的模組引入:

import re
from splinter.browser import Browser
from time import sleep
import sys
import httplib2
from urllib import parse
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
複製程式碼

刷票前資訊準備,我主要說一下始發站和目的地的cookie值獲取,因為輸入城市的時候,需要通過cookie值,cookie值可以通過12306官網,然後在F12(相信所有的coder都知道這個吧)的network裡面的查詢請求cookie中可以看到,在請求的header裡面可以找到,_jc_save_fromStation值是出發站的cookie,_jc_save_toStation的值是目的地的cookie,然後加入到程式碼裡的城市的cookie字典city_list裡即可,鍵是城市的首字母,值是cookie值的形式。

搶票,肯定需要先登入,我這裡模擬的登入操作,會自動填充12306的賬號名和密碼,當然,你也可以在開啟的瀏覽器中修改賬號和密碼,實現的關鍵程式碼如下:

def do_login(self):
    """登入功能實現,手動識別驗證碼進行登入"""
    self.driver.visit(self.login_url)
    sleep(1)
    self.driver.fill(`loginUserDTO.user_name`, self.user_name)
    self.driver.fill(`userDTO.password`, self.password)
    print(`請輸入驗證碼……`)
    while True:
        if self.driver.url != self.init_my_url:
            sleep(1)
        else:
            break
複製程式碼

登入之後,就是控制刷票的各種操作處理了,這裡,我就不貼程式碼了,因為程式碼比較多,別擔心,在最後,我會貼出完整的程式碼的。

當刷票成功後,我會進行簡訊和郵件的雙重通知,當然,這裡簡訊通知的平臺,就看你用那個具體來修改程式碼了,我用的是互億無線的體驗版的免費簡訊通知介面;傳送郵件模組我用的是smtplib,傳送郵件伺服器用的是163郵箱,如果用163郵箱的話,你還沒有設定客戶端授權密碼,記得先設定客戶端授權密碼就好了,挺方便的。以下是主要實現程式碼:

def send_sms(self, mobile, sms_info):
    """傳送手機通知簡訊,用的是-互億無線-的測試簡訊"""
    host = "106.ihuyi.com"
    sms_send_uri = "/webservice/sms.php?method=Submit"
    account = "C59782899"
    pass_word = "19d4d9c0796532c7328e8b82e2812655"
    params = parse.urlencode(
        {`account`: account, `password`: pass_word, `content`: sms_info, `mobile`: mobile, `format`: `json`}
    )
    headers = {"Content-type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", "Accept": "text/plain"}
    conn = httplib2.HTTPConnectionWithTimeout(host, port=80, timeout=30)
    conn.request("POST", sms_send_uri, params, headers)
    response = conn.getresponse()
    response_str = response.read()
    conn.close()
    return response_str

def send_mail(self, receiver_address, content):
    """傳送郵件通知"""
    # 連線郵箱伺服器資訊
    host = `smtp.163.com`
    port = 25
    sender = `xxxxxx@163.com`  # 你的發件郵箱號碼
    pwd = `******`  # 不是登陸密碼,是客戶端授權密碼
    # 發件資訊
    receiver = receiver_address
    body = `<h2>溫馨提醒:</h2><p>` + content + `</p>`
    msg = MIMEText(body, `html`, _charset="utf-8")
    msg[`subject`] = `搶票成功通知!`
    msg[`from`] = sender
    msg[`to`] = receiver
    s = smtplib.SMTP(host, port)
    # 開始登陸郵箱,併傳送郵件
    s.login(sender, pwd)
    s.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string())
複製程式碼

說了那麼多,感覺都是說了好多廢話啊,哈哈,不好意思,耽誤大家時間來看我瞎扯了,我貼上大家最關心的原始碼,請接碼,大家在嘗試執行過程中,有任何問題,可以給我留言或者私信我,我看到都會及時回覆大家的:

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

"""
通過splinter刷12306火車票
可以自動填充賬號密碼,同時,在登入時,也可以修改賬號密碼
然後手動識別驗證碼,並登陸,接下來的事情,交由指令碼來做了,靜靜的等待搶票結果就好(刷票過程中,瀏覽器不可關閉)
author: cuizy
time: 2018-05-30
"""

import re
from splinter.browser import Browser
from time import sleep
import sys
import httplib2
from urllib import parse
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText


class BrushTicket(object):
    """買票類及實現方法"""

    def __init__(self, user_name, password, passengers, from_time, from_station, to_station, number, seat_type, receiver_mobile, receiver_email):
        """定義例項屬性,初始化"""
        # 1206賬號密碼
        self.user_name = user_name
        self.password = password
        # 乘客姓名
        self.passengers = passengers
        # 起始站和終點站
        self.from_station = from_station
        self.to_station = to_station
        # 乘車日期
        self.from_time = from_time
        # 車次編號
        self.number = number.capitalize()
        # 座位型別所在td位置
        if seat_type == `商務座特等座`:
            seat_type_index = 1
            seat_type_value = 9
        elif seat_type == `一等座`:
            seat_type_index = 2
            seat_type_value = `M`
        elif seat_type == `二等座`:
            seat_type_index = 3
            seat_type_value = 0
        elif seat_type == `高階軟臥`:
            seat_type_index = 4
            seat_type_value = 6
        elif seat_type == `軟臥`:
            seat_type_index = 5
            seat_type_value = 4
        elif seat_type == `動臥`:
            seat_type_index = 6
            seat_type_value = `F`
        elif seat_type == `硬臥`:
            seat_type_index = 7
            seat_type_value = 3
        elif seat_type == `軟座`:
            seat_type_index = 8
            seat_type_value = 2
        elif seat_type == `硬座`:
            seat_type_index = 9
            seat_type_value = 1
        elif seat_type == `無座`:
            seat_type_index = 10
            seat_type_value = 1
        elif seat_type == `其他`:
            seat_type_index = 11
            seat_type_value = 1
        else:
            seat_type_index = 7
            seat_type_value = 3
        self.seat_type_index = seat_type_index
        self.seat_type_value = seat_type_value
        # 通知資訊
        self.receiver_mobile = receiver_mobile
        self.receiver_email = receiver_email
        # 主要頁面網址
        self.login_url = `https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/login/init`
        self.init_my_url = `https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/index/initMy12306`
        self.ticket_url = `https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/init`
        # 瀏覽器驅動資訊,驅動下載頁:https://sites.google.com/a/chromium.org/chromedriver/downloads
        self.driver_name = `chrome`
        self.executable_path = `C:\UserscuizyAppDataLocalProgramsPythonPython36Scriptschromedriver.exe`

    def do_login(self):
        """登入功能實現,手動識別驗證碼進行登入"""
        self.driver.visit(self.login_url)
        sleep(1)
        self.driver.fill(`loginUserDTO.user_name`, self.user_name)
        self.driver.fill(`userDTO.password`, self.password)
        print(`請輸入驗證碼……`)
        while True:
            if self.driver.url != self.init_my_url:
                sleep(1)
            else:
                break

    def start_brush(self):
        """買票功能實現"""
        self.driver = Browser(driver_name=self.driver_name, executable_path=self.executable_path)
        # 瀏覽器視窗的大小
        self.driver.driver.set_window_size(900, 700)
        self.do_login()
        self.driver.visit(self.ticket_url)
        try:
            print(`開始刷票……`)
            # 載入車票查詢資訊
            self.driver.cookies.add({"_jc_save_fromStation": self.from_station})
            self.driver.cookies.add({"_jc_save_toStation": self.to_station})
            self.driver.cookies.add({"_jc_save_fromDate": self.from_time})
            self.driver.reload()
            count = 0
            while self.driver.url.split(`?`)[0] == self.ticket_url:
                self.driver.find_by_text(`查詢`).click()
                sleep(1)
                count += 1
                print(`第%d次點選查詢……` % count)
                try:
                    car_no_location = self.driver.find_by_id("queryLeftTable")[0].find_by_text(self.number)[1]
                    current_tr = car_no_location.find_by_xpath("./../../../../..")
                    if current_tr.find_by_tag(`td`)[self.seat_type_index].text == `--`:
                        print(`無此座位型別出售,已結束當前刷票,請重新開啟!`)
                        sys.exit(1)
                    elif current_tr.find_by_tag(`td`)[self.seat_type_index].text == `無`:
                        print(`無票,繼續嘗試……`)
                    else:
                        # 有票,嘗試預訂
                        print(`刷到票了(餘票數:` + str(current_tr.find_by_tag(`td`)[self.seat_type_index].text) + `),開始嘗試預訂……`)
                        current_tr.find_by_css(`td.no-br>a`)[0].click()
                        sleep(1)
                        key_value = 1
                        for p in self.passengers:
                            # 選擇使用者
                            print(`開始選擇使用者……`)
                            self.driver.find_by_text(p).last.click()
                            # 選擇座位型別
                            print(`開始選擇席別……`)
                            if self.seat_type_value != 0:
                                seat_select = self.driver.find_by_id("seatType_" + str(key_value))[0]
                                seat_select.find_by_xpath("//option[@value=`" + str(self.seat_type_value) + "`]")[0].click()
                            key_value += 1
                            sleep(0.5)
                            if p[-1] == `)`:
                                self.driver.find_by_id(`dialog_xsertcj_ok`).click()
                        print(`正在提交訂單……`)
                        self.driver.find_by_id(`submitOrder_id`).click()
                        sleep(2)
                        # 檢視放回結果是否正常
                        submit_false_info = self.driver.find_by_id(`orderResultInfo_id`)[0].text
                        if submit_false_info != ``:
                            print(submit_false_info)
                            self.driver.find_by_id(`qr_closeTranforDialog_id`).click()
                            sleep(0.2)
                            self.driver.find_by_id(`preStep_id`).click()
                            sleep(0.3)
                            continue
                        print(`正在確認訂單……`)
                        self.driver.find_by_id(`qr_submit_id`).click()
                        print(`預訂成功,請及時前往支付……`)
                        # 傳送通知資訊
                        self.send_mail(self.receiver_email, `恭喜您,搶到票了,請及時前往12306支付訂單!`)
                        self.send_sms(self.receiver_mobile, `您的驗證碼是:8888。請不要把驗證碼洩露給其他人。`)
                except Exception as error_info:
                    print(error_info)
        except Exception as error_info:
            print(error_info)

    def send_sms(self, mobile, sms_info):
        """傳送手機通知簡訊,用的是-互億無線-的測試簡訊"""
        host = "106.ihuyi.com"
        sms_send_uri = "/webservice/sms.php?method=Submit"
        account = "C59782899"
        pass_word = "19d4d9c0796532c7328e8b82e2812655"
        params = parse.urlencode(
            {`account`: account, `password`: pass_word, `content`: sms_info, `mobile`: mobile, `format`: `json`}
        )
        headers = {"Content-type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", "Accept": "text/plain"}
        conn = httplib2.HTTPConnectionWithTimeout(host, port=80, timeout=30)
        conn.request("POST", sms_send_uri, params, headers)
        response = conn.getresponse()
        response_str = response.read()
        conn.close()
        return response_str

    def send_mail(self, receiver_address, content):
        """傳送郵件通知"""
        # 連線郵箱伺服器資訊
        host = `smtp.163.com`
        port = 25
        sender = `******@163.com`  # 你的發件郵箱號碼
        pwd = `******`  # 不是登陸密碼,是客戶端授權密碼
        # 發件資訊
        receiver = receiver_address
        body = `<h2>溫馨提醒:</h2><p>` + content + `</p>`
        msg = MIMEText(body, `html`, _charset="utf-8")
        msg[`subject`] = `搶票成功通知!`
        msg[`from`] = sender
        msg[`to`] = receiver
        s = smtplib.SMTP(host, port)
        # 開始登陸郵箱,併傳送郵件
        s.login(sender, pwd)
        s.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string())


if __name__ == `__main__`:
    # 12306使用者名稱
    user_name = input(`請輸入12306使用者名稱:`)
    while user_name == ``:
        user_name = input(`12306使用者名稱不能為空,請重新輸入:`)
    # 12306登陸密碼
    password = input(`請輸入12306登陸密碼:`)
    while password == ``:
        password = input(`12306登陸密碼不能為空,請重新輸入:`)
    # 乘客姓名
    passengers_input = input(`請輸入乘車人姓名,多人用英文逗號“,”連線,(例如單人“張三”或者多人“張三,李四”):`)
    passengers = passengers_input.split(",")
    while passengers_input == `` or len(passengers) > 4:
        print(`乘車人最少1位,最多4位!`)
        passengers_input = input(`請重新輸入乘車人姓名,多人用英文逗號“,”連線,(例如單人“張三”或者多人“張三,李四”):`)
        passengers = passengers_input.split(",")
    # 乘車日期
    from_time = input(`請輸入乘車日期(例如“2018-08-08”):`)
    date_pattern = re.compile(r`^d{4}-d{2}-d{2}$`)
    while from_time == `` or re.findall(date_pattern, from_time) == []:
        from_time = input(`乘車日期不能為空或者時間格式不正確,請重新輸入:`)
    # 城市cookie字典
    city_list = {
        `bj`: `%u5317%u4EAC%2CBJP`,  # 北京
        `hd`: `%u5929%u6D25%2CTJP`,  # 邯鄲
        `nn`: `%u5357%u5B81%2CNNZ`,  # 南寧
        `wh`: `%u6B66%u6C49%2CWHN`,  # 武漢
        `cs`: `%u957F%u6C99%2CCSQ`,  # 長沙
        `ty`: `%u592A%u539F%2CTYV`,  # 太原
        `yc`: `%u8FD0%u57CE%2CYNV`,  # 運城
        `gzn`: `%u5E7F%u5DDE%u5357%2CIZQ`,  # 廣州南
        `wzn`: `%u68A7%u5DDE%u5357%2CWBZ`,  # 梧州南
    }
    # 出發站
    from_input = input(`請輸入出發站,只需要輸入首字母就行(例如北京“bj”):`)
    while from_input not in city_list.keys():
        from_input = input(`出發站不能為空或不支援當前出發站(如有需要,請聯絡管理員!),請重新輸入:`)
    from_station = city_list[from_input]
    # 終點站
    to_input = input(`請輸入終點站,只需要輸入首字母就行(例如北京“bj”):`)
    while to_input not in city_list.keys():
        to_input = input(`終點站不能為空或不支援當前終點站(如有需要,請聯絡管理員!),請重新輸入:`)
    to_station = city_list[to_input]
    # 車次編號
    number = input(`請輸入車次號(例如“G110”):`)
    while number == ``:
        number = input(`車次號不能為空,請重新輸入:`)
    # 座位型別
    seat_type = input(`請輸入座位型別(例如“軟臥”):`)
    while seat_type == ``:
        seat_type = input(`座位型別不能為空,請重新輸入:`)
    # 搶票成功,通知該手機號碼
    receiver_mobile = input(`請預留一個手機號碼,方便搶到票後進行通知(例如:18888888888):`)
    mobile_pattern = re.compile(r`^1{1}d{10}$`)
    while receiver_mobile == `` or re.findall(mobile_pattern, receiver_mobile) == []:
        receiver_mobile = input(`預留手機號碼不能為空或者格式不正確,請重新輸入:`)
    receiver_email = input(`請預留一個郵箱,方便搶到票後進行通知(例如:test@163.com):`)
    while receiver_email == ``:
        receiver_email = input(`預留郵箱不能為空,請重新輸入:`)
    # 開始搶票
    ticket = BrushTicket(user_name, password, passengers, from_time, from_station, to_station, number, seat_type, receiver_mobile, receiver_email)
    ticket.start_brush()

複製程式碼

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