效果
走馬燈是一種常見的效果,本文講一下如何用 PageView
在 Flutter
裡實現一個走馬燈, 效果如下,當前頁面的高度比其它頁面高,切換頁面的時候有一個高度變化的動畫。實現這樣的效果主要用到的是 PageView.builder
部件。
開發
建立首頁
首先建立一個 IndexPage
部件,這個部件用來放 PageView
,因為需要使用 setState
方法更新 UI,所以它是 stateful 的。
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
class IndexPage extends StatefulWidget {
@override
_IndexPageState createState() => _IndexPageState();
}
class _IndexPageState extends State<IndexPage> {
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return Scaffold(
appBar: AppBar(
elevation: 0.0,
backgroundColor: Colors.white,
),
body: Column(
children: <Widget>[],
),
);
}
}
複製程式碼
然後在部件內申明一個 _pageIndex
變數用來儲存當前顯示的頁面的 index,在 initState
生命週期裡面初始化一個 PageController
用來配置 PageView
部件。
在 body
的 Column
裡面建立一個 PageView.builder
,使用一個 SizedBox
部件指定 PageView
的高度,將 controller
設定為 _pageController
,在 onPageChanged
事件裡將當前顯示頁面的 index
值賦值給 _pageIndex
變數。
int _pageIndex = 0;
PageController _pageController;
@override
void initState() {
super.initState();
_pageController = PageController(
initialPage: 0,
viewportFraction: 0.8,
);
}
body: Column(
children: <Widget>[
SizedBox(
height: 580.0,
child: PageView.builder(
itemCount: 3,
pageSnapping: true,
controller: _pageController,
onPageChanged: (int index) {
setState(() {
_pageIndex = index;
});
},
itemBuilder: (BuildContext ctx, int index) {
return _buildItem(_pageIndex, index);
},
),
),
],
),
複製程式碼
關鍵點: 設定
PageController
的viewportFraction
引數小於 1,這個值是用來設定每個頁面在螢幕上顯示的比例,小於 1 的話,就可以在當前頁面同時顯示其它頁面的內容了。
/// The fraction of the viewport that each page should occupy. /// Defaults to 1.0, which means each page fills the viewport in the scrolling direction. final double viewportFraction; 複製程式碼
實現 _buildItem
接著實現 _buildItem
方法,這個方法就是返回 PageView.builder
裡每一個頁面渲染的內容,第一個引數 activeIndex
是當前顯示在螢幕上頁面的 index
,第二個引數 index
是每一項自己的 index
。
使用一個 Center
部件讓內容居中顯示,然後用一個 AnimatedContainer
新增頁面切換時的高度變化的動畫效果,切換頁面的時候使用了setState
方法改變了 _pageIndex
,Flutter
重新繪製每一項。關鍵點在於判斷當前頁面是否為正在顯示的頁面,是的話它的高度就是 500 不是的話就是 450。
_buildItem(activeIndex, index) {
return Center(
child: AnimatedContainer(
curve: Curves.easeInOut,
duration: Duration(milliseconds: 300),
height: activeIndex == index ? 500.0 : 450.0,
margin: EdgeInsets.symmetric(vertical: 20.0, horizontal: 10.0),
decoration: BoxDecoration(
color: heroes[index].color,
borderRadius: BorderRadius.all(Radius.circular(12.0)),
),
child: Stack(),
),
);
}
複製程式碼
新增內容
然後給 AnimatedContainer
新增每一項的內容
child: Stack(
fit: StackFit.expand,
children: <Widget>[
ClipRRect(
borderRadius: BorderRadius.all(
Radius.circular(12.0),
),
child: Image.network(
heroes[index].image,
fit: BoxFit.cover,
),
),
Align(
alignment: Alignment.bottomCenter,
child: Row(
children: <Widget>[
Expanded(
child: Container(
padding: EdgeInsets.all(12.0),
decoration: BoxDecoration(
color: Colors.black26,
borderRadius: BorderRadius.only(
bottomRight: Radius.circular(12.0),
bottomLeft: Radius.circular(12.0),
),
),
child: Text(
heroes[index].title,
textAlign: TextAlign.center,
style: TextStyle(
fontSize: 20.0,
fontWeight: FontWeight.bold,
color: Colors.white,
),
),
),
)
],
),
),
],
),
複製程式碼
實現指示器
然後實現頁面的指示器,建立一個 PageIndicator
部件,需要傳入 pageCount
表示總頁數,以及 currentIndex
表示當前顯示的頁數索引。把所有指示器放在一個 Row
部件裡,判斷當前指示器的 index
是否為正在顯示頁面的 index
,是的話顯示較深的顏色。
class PageIndicator extends StatelessWidget {
final int pageCount;
final int currentIndex;
const PageIndicator(this.currentIndex, this.pageCount);
Widget _indicator(bool isActive) {
return Container(
width: 6.0,
height: 6.0,
margin: EdgeInsets.symmetric(horizontal: 3.0),
decoration: BoxDecoration(
color: isActive ? Color(0xff666a84) : Color(0xffb9bcca),
shape: BoxShape.circle,
boxShadow: [
BoxShadow(
color: Colors.black12,
offset: Offset(0.0, 3.0),
blurRadius: 3.0,
),
],
),
);
}
List<Widget> _buildIndicators() {
List<Widget> indicators = [];
for (int i = 0; i < pageCount; i++) {
indicators.add(i == currentIndex ? _indicator(true) : _indicator(false));
}
return indicators;
}
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return Row(
mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,
children: _buildIndicators(),
);
}
}
複製程式碼
新增 PageIndicator
到 SizedBox
下面
封裝 Carousel
最後的最後優化一下程式碼,把部件封裝一下,讓它成為一個單獨的部件,建立一個 Carousel
部件,對外暴露 items
和 height
兩個屬性,分別配置資料和高度。
class Carousel extends StatefulWidget {
final List items;
final double height;
const Carousel({
@required this.items,
@required this.height,
});
@override
_CarouselState createState() => _CarouselState();
}
class _CarouselState extends State<Carousel> {
int _pageIndex = 0;
PageController _pageController;
Widget _buildItem(activeIndex, index) {
final items = widget.items;
return Center(
child: AnimatedContainer(
curve: Curves.easeInOut,
duration: Duration(milliseconds: 300),
height: activeIndex == index ? 500.0 : 450.0,
margin: EdgeInsets.symmetric(vertical: 20.0, horizontal: 10.0),
decoration: BoxDecoration(
color: items[index].color,
borderRadius: BorderRadius.all(Radius.circular(12.0)),
),
child: Stack(
fit: StackFit.expand,
children: <Widget>[
ClipRRect(
borderRadius: BorderRadius.all(
Radius.circular(12.0),
),
child: Image.network(
items[index].image,
fit: BoxFit.cover,
),
),
Align(
alignment: Alignment.bottomCenter,
child: Row(
children: <Widget>[
Expanded(
child: Container(
padding: EdgeInsets.all(12.0),
decoration: BoxDecoration(
color: Colors.black26,
borderRadius: BorderRadius.only(
bottomRight: Radius.circular(12.0),
bottomLeft: Radius.circular(12.0),
),
),
child: Text(
items[index].title,
textAlign: TextAlign.center,
style: TextStyle(
fontSize: 20.0,
fontWeight: FontWeight.bold,
color: Colors.white,
),
),
),
)
],
),
),
],
),
),
);
}
@override
void initState() {
super.initState();
_pageController = PageController(
initialPage: 0,
viewportFraction: 0.8,
);
}
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return Column(
children: <Widget>[
Container(
height: widget.height,
child: PageView.builder(
pageSnapping: true,
itemCount: heroes.length,
controller: _pageController,
onPageChanged: (int index) {
setState(() {
_pageIndex = index;
});
},
itemBuilder: (BuildContext ctx, int index) {
return _buildItem(_pageIndex, index);
},
),
),
PageIndicator(_pageIndex, widget.items.length),
],
);
}
}
複製程式碼
之後在 IndexPage
部件裡就只用例項化一個 Carousel
了,同時由於 IndexPage
不用管理部件狀態了,可以將它變成 StatelessWidget
。
完整程式碼
import 'package:flutter/material.dart';
class Hero {
final Color color;
final String image;
final String title;
Hero({
@required this.color,
@required this.image,
@required this.title,
});
}
List heroes = [
Hero(
color: Color(0xFF86F3FB),
image: "https://game.gtimg.cn/images/lol/act/img/skin/big22009.jpg",
title: '寒冰射手-艾希',
),
Hero(
color: Color(0xFF7D6588),
image: "https://game.gtimg.cn/images/lol/act/img/skin/big39006.jpg",
title: '刀鋒舞者-艾瑞莉婭',
),
Hero(
color: Color(0xFF4C314D),
image: "https://game.gtimg.cn/images/lol/act/img/skin/big103015.jpg",
title: '九尾妖狐-阿狸',
),
];
class Carousel extends StatefulWidget {
final List items;
final double height;
const Carousel({
@required this.items,
@required this.height,
});
@override
_CarouselState createState() => _CarouselState();
}
class _CarouselState extends State<Carousel> {
int _pageIndex = 0;
PageController _pageController;
Widget _buildItem(activeIndex, index) {
final items = widget.items;
return Center(
child: AnimatedContainer(
curve: Curves.easeInOut,
duration: Duration(milliseconds: 300),
height: activeIndex == index ? 500.0 : 450.0,
margin: EdgeInsets.symmetric(vertical: 20.0, horizontal: 10.0),
decoration: BoxDecoration(
color: items[index].color,
borderRadius: BorderRadius.all(Radius.circular(12.0)),
),
child: Stack(
fit: StackFit.expand,
children: <Widget>[
ClipRRect(
borderRadius: BorderRadius.all(
Radius.circular(12.0),
),
child: Image.network(
items[index].image,
fit: BoxFit.cover,
),
),
Align(
alignment: Alignment.bottomCenter,
child: Row(
children: <Widget>[
Expanded(
child: Container(
padding: EdgeInsets.all(12.0),
decoration: BoxDecoration(
color: Colors.black26,
borderRadius: BorderRadius.only(
bottomRight: Radius.circular(12.0),
bottomLeft: Radius.circular(12.0),
),
),
child: Text(
items[index].title,
textAlign: TextAlign.center,
style: TextStyle(
fontSize: 20.0,
fontWeight: FontWeight.bold,
color: Colors.white,
),
),
),
)
],
),
),
],
),
),
);
}
@override
void initState() {
super.initState();
_pageController = PageController(
initialPage: 0,
viewportFraction: 0.8,
);
}
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return Column(
children: <Widget>[
Container(
height: widget.height,
child: PageView.builder(
pageSnapping: true,
itemCount: heroes.length,
controller: _pageController,
onPageChanged: (int index) {
setState(() {
_pageIndex = index;
});
},
itemBuilder: (BuildContext ctx, int index) {
return _buildItem(_pageIndex, index);
},
),
),
PageIndicator(_pageIndex, widget.items.length),
],
);
}
}
class PageIndicator extends StatelessWidget {
final int currentIndex;
final int pageCount;
const PageIndicator(this.currentIndex, this.pageCount);
Widget _indicator(bool isActive) {
return Container(
width: 6.0,
height: 6.0,
margin: EdgeInsets.symmetric(horizontal: 3.0),
decoration: BoxDecoration(
color: isActive ? Color(0xff666a84) : Color(0xffb9bcca),
shape: BoxShape.circle,
boxShadow: [
BoxShadow(
color: Colors.black12,
offset: Offset(0.0, 3.0),
blurRadius: 3.0,
),
],
),
);
}
List<Widget> _buildIndicators() {
List<Widget> indicators = [];
for (int i = 0; i < pageCount; i++) {
indicators.add(i == currentIndex ? _indicator(true) : _indicator(false));
}
return indicators;
}
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return Row(
mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,
children: _buildIndicators(),
);
}
}
class IndexPage extends StatelessWidget {
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return Scaffold(
appBar: AppBar(
elevation: 0.0,
backgroundColor: Colors.white,
),
body: Carousel(
height: 540,
items: heroes,
),
backgroundColor: Colors.white,
);
}
}
複製程式碼
至此,整個佈局就完成了! ?